国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-right: 1px; padding-left: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160); border-right: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; margin-right: 0.2em; margin-left: 0.2em; float: right; clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;">编者按</p><p class="" style="font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; min-height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 85%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">2017年6月10日，中国城市规划学会控制性详细规划学术委员会成立暨学术研讨会在广东省广州市广州艺术博物馆召开。香港大学荣誉教授、香港规划师学会原会长凌嘉勤先生进行"从明确性与灵活性的有效平衡看香港的发展管制制度"的报告。他认为法定规划是处理城市发展过程中各类矛盾与利益冲突的平台。发展管制的明确性与权威性、与发展过程中的灵活性与适应性，必须在体系的操作取得有效平衡。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOIvGSMG0MXFg5nZ2xbKjx3GvDX4MPhIfD0WNia3wzHSlL4CWjJwEGWFg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 1.5em; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 21px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">凌嘉勤</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">香港大学荣誉教授、香港规划师学会原会长</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; font-size: 16.8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、城市规划作为处理各类利益冲突的平台</p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -6px; margin-left: auto; border-right: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); height: 16px; width: 16px; border-top-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划工作的本质就是对现有的空间状况带来有秩序及可预期的改变。</span>对空间的状况带来改变，本质上也是对空间资源的再利用与再分配，比如土地功能的再利用，公共空间与私人空间的再划分，公共设施区位分布和交通网络的安排、建筑物的形态和密度、景观资源的可达性。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">这些表面上是技术性的问题，实际上是利益“受”与“损”的问题。“改变”涉及时间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划是在延续不断的时间座标上管理“变化”的机制。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">空间三维度加上时间维度，城市规划实际是在时空四维度的情况下运作，是一个持续的动态过程，不是一个僵化的静态过程。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在城市发展过程里面，常常都要面对四大矛盾：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">1、个人利益与公众利益的矛盾；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">2、局部地区利益跟城市整体利益的矛盾；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">3、短期需要与长期利益的矛盾；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">4、土地利用的明确性与灵活性的矛盾。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">这四对矛盾在时空四维度中相互交集，往往纠缠不清；社会上多个利益组羣相互搏奕，各种手段层出不穷，以谋利益最大化。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">“土地利用的明确性与灵活性”这一对矛盾，其实就是一个“不变”与“变”，“ 变什么”、“怎样变”的多维天平，经常都是处于一个动态平衡的过程当中。而其余的三对矛盾，就是影响这个天平处于何种平衡状况的砝码。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划作为公共行政体系的重要组成部分，提供了一个操作平台，让这四大矛盾在技术上和政治上得到妥善处理，期望达到社会整体利益最大化，个别受影响组群利益受损最小化。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">控制性详细规划实际上涉及非常具体而详细的规划内容。</span>跟总规不一样，在详细规划层面，土地所在的位置、用地的功能、开发的强度、交通影响、基建配套等等都需要具体的规划设计。详细规划对空间现状的改变，引起利益的“受”<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“损”都是具体的和可预期的，因而是切身的和即时的。在这种情况之下，四大矛盾往往在控制性详细规划拟备和实施的过程中最容易被激化，甚至会达到社会矛盾爆发的激烈程度，规划师要面对的其中一项挑战，就是如何不让矛盾爆发到失控的激烈程度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">在城市规划工作中，经常使用的套话是“经过详尽的解说、全面而深入的公众咨询，终于就规划方案达成共识，互利共赢”。</span>这句套话几乎成了规划师梦寐以求，希望能得以成就的最终境界。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; font-size: 16.8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、案例：前北角邨地盘综合发展区</p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -6px; margin-left: auto; border-right: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); height: 16px; width: 16px; border-top-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">前北角邨用地，实为一块香港市区内典型的住宅用途重建地盘，是透视香港城市规划体系“如果平衡土地用途的明确性与灵活性”的一个典型案例。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOVWNSS7XsrQf4ic5mpkiajt85GfNpaIBVcmEkK9bc4vhP14NXsON2icuAA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOzrKU7Y7QCDP1lBXSZdbLbSNibAI7aVskrE8CVr4ibuFjPaQuBqyL4qow/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(1)：区位示意</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOvvibTaiaIgT0BycHVlf9lztmVfC7Ia0O4ZBoO6iaEk9jiaCYe8ibvrKcXVA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(2)：旧照</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSO4avW5QjzmOf8yVP5bp38jIZkoNrV741ibHAhTUPP27ESJppOA8gTCOQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(3)：地块发展限制及技术要求示意图</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">经过多方的考虑後，城市规划委员会（以下简称“城规委”）在2010年把地盘内个别地段由「住宅用地」、「休憩用地」、「社区用地」及「道路」等反映土地使用现况的法定土地用途分区，整合为一片完整的综合发展地块并改划为「综合发展区」。按照城市规划条例的规定，在划为「综合发展区」的地块上进行任何发展，都必须提交总纲蓝图给城规会审批，以取得规划许可。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">在香港，一块开发用地被改划为「综合发展区」，正正是反映了该地块复杂的情况，包括了技术上必须克服的众多问题，和民意对用地发展的诉求、关注和争议。</span>城规会要求规划署为所有被划为「综合发展区」的地块制定「规划大纲」（Planning Brief）来指导「综合发展区」的开发。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">规划大纲内会述明详细的规划要求，包括发展计划必须采取适当的交通及环境缓解措施，并提供所需的政府、机构或小区设施、运输和公共交通设施以及休憩用地。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">规划大纲的制定过程包括了徵询政府内部技术部门的意见，谘询区议会、当区居民和其它相关的谘询委员会。拟备前北角邨地盘重建方案的规划大纲时，规划署便谘询了东区区议会和海滨事务委员会的意见，经多次修订後得到城规会同意通过，并成为卖地条款的一部份。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOyRlTcMUoicibudoYooquk7xGfndQV7SP7Z0JHRU6SHIZVSc68uI0tSJg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: right; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(4)：分区计划大纲内该地块被改划为「综合发展区」</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：城市规划委员会法定规划综合纲站(http://www1.ozp.tpb.gov.hk/gos/default.aspx)</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOaQcM9qJAsDDDlkJJ3bJ0cFDicnKc9w8c35Bg5asW06sFOTS3pUB75og/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(5)：城规会对地块的规划要求</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">为了确保地块的各种要求在未来规划中得以实现，政府还进行了概念性的设计，对于通风要求做了一个模拟方案，经过论证它能够解决交通噪音和空气流通需求。这个模似方案亦包括在规划大纲之内。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOOLSazjQ5H4LsFa9uM5gOic9oibh1OyTEKqsSPUrcq5F2Eoy7LRJBG4GQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 图(6)：规划署制定的发展概念图</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">政府出让地块以后，申请人提交给城规会审议的方案没有采用规划署建议的模拟方案。申请人提出另一个方案，并从技术上做了详细的论证，显示他的方案能够符合各方面的技术要求。城规会在考虑了申请人提交的方案後，大致上同意大部份技术问题都得到较妥善的处理。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">但城规会从城市设计角度对建筑物的布局仍有疑虑，以建筑物间距过小，对离海岸较远的居民利益有所损害为由，决定延迟处理申请，并建议申请人提交与规划大纲中的发展概念图一致的另一方案，以便委员会进行比较，以判断设计优劣。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">半年之后，申请人重新提出两个方案，并对建筑物的形式和高度都作出调整，城规委最终选择其中一个方案并予以批准。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOSgcmfk9sx8D1yMScmo4ocLLreHjHl1vcffoap5gvLrg0ao1CkCXy6A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(7)：第一次提交而未被城规会接纳的方案（建筑物为十栋）</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOsD5vITopJDMw9ncUvz7r0cksk9kfh0c6tPl8DE0cJbMTpA1ibaTfWzw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">图(8)：城规会最终采纳的方案（建筑物为九栋）</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSOCl6IVcuiaIQDR4vtz3PR0pkzM2ib3poXKQA2rxA2H30BVnZBL1a5n2EA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(9)：第二次对比方案（建筑物为八栋）</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; font-size: 16.8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、明确性和灵活性的有效平衡</p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -6px; margin-left: auto; border-right: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); height: 16px; width: 16px; border-top-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">在这个案例中，明确性和灵活性怎么平衡？规划大纲图把自1957年已经存在的土地用途状态，以法定分区计划大纲图的方式予以确定，这是明确性。但是把它改划为一个综合性的重建区即「综合发展区」，实际上是把住宅用地、道路用地、公园用地等等合并在一起重新规划，这就从明确过渡到灵活。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">但是灵活性同时会带来很多不明确的因素: 当区居民对这个具极大「灵活性」的生活空间改变产生了很多疑虑；发展方案到最后还是要得到城规会的批准，而审批则无可避免要涉及城市设计及民意考量等主观判断；同时，每个政府部门也提出很多要求和技术关注点。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">方案的审议无论在技术性还是政治性方面，都提高了难度，增加了不明确性。对于发展商而言，这具有颇大程度的不明确性便成为不可预知的投资风险。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">城规会要求规划署拟备规划大纲的目的，是将各个利益尤关组群所关注的各项客观及主观的考量因素，变成具体和能够实施的技术要求。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">经过城规委会同意的规划大纲亦成为卖地条款的一个部分，开发商投标买地的时候已经得到明确的要求，从宏观的发展规模到微观的技术要求都有非常清晰的指引。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">规划大纲就变成政府与居民、开放商与城规会之间的共识；在〝政府--开发商--城规会〞之间也形成了有一定约束力的「类合约关系」。这便有效地确定了开发商的技术责任，也约束了民意代表、政府中的技术部门和城规会在审议过程中的随意性，增加了项目取得城规会许可的明确性，投资风险变得合理地可控，增强开发商的投资信心，也减轻了当区受影响居民的疑虑与担忧。最後，发展项目在这片相当复杂的也块上得以较顺利地落实推行。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCZ5YMsXzXvyNLqChuVFgeSO3yicr6ytNkDHZ6M7jDFcJlibClJ75lPnJASVk1kgX4GUiaZ6vH0rA9SjQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(15, 60, 143); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图(10)：明确性与灵活性平衡过程中的众多考虑</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; font-size: 16.8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、实施要点：必须形成操作体系、必须建立运作制度</p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -6px; margin-left: auto; border-right: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); height: 16px; width: 16px; border-top-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">图(10) 中是规划决策过程中出现很多专业的名词，规划师每天都要处理纷繁复杂的问题，在这种情况下，必须形成一个操作体系以及建立一个运作制度。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">什么是体系？所有相关操作平台的总和形成了一个体系。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展管制操作体系的构成：</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一 法律平台</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">法律平台由城市规划条例和其他相关条例，比如环境评估条例等等很多条例来组成。还有一个是内地可能没有的，<span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">就是在全球应用普通法的司法系统内，法庭透过对司法覆核案件的裁决，建立了很多案例。这些在香港境外建立的案例对香港都适用，因此也是构成香港法律平台的一个重要部份。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二 审批平台</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">包括城规会，城市规划上诉委员会，行政长官汇同行政会议。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三 行政平台</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">包括规划署，城规会秘书处，相关政府部门。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四 技术平台</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">包括城规会规划指引，规划署及其他相关部门技术指引，相关规划研究及其他专项报告(由政府或相关申请人编制)，所有向城规会提交的文件。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五 沟通平台</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">包括城规条例的法定公众谘询程序及信息公开要求，政府的行政谘询程序及信息公开指引，区议会及其他谘询委员会，地区组织业主立案法团民间自发性组织。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">什么是制度？体系内所有操作平台和操作原则的总和便凝聚成制度。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展管制制度运作的原则：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">法律平台--权责分明、程序清晰</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">审批平台--高认受性、具权威性、透明操作</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">行政平台--专业、可信、客观、开放、务实</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">技术平台--要求明确、标准划一、高预期性</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">沟通平台--信息公开、尊重民意、提供选择</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; font-size: 16.8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、结语</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -6px; margin-left: auto; border-right: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); height: 16px; width: 16px; border-top-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;">内地的控制性详细规划，在香港大致可归纳为「发展管制制度」。</span>本文较概括性地阐释了构成香港的发展管制制度的各个操作平台，和它们的运作原则，供内地同行参考。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">藉此机会，谨代表香港规划师学会仝人，祝贺中国城市规划学会控制性详细规划学术委员会正式成立。期望内地及香港的规划专业人员以此学术平台，加强交流学习，共同进步。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">(鸣谢：前北角邨地盘发展案例相关资料，由李吉桓同学协助拟备。李同学现为同济大学城市规划系学生，也是2017香港大学城市规划及设计系交换生。)</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(239, 66, 119); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); 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