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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3M4NlJz0FnZVHPjUHV0b4qy7Ehqd4ib2rvf1fT3AgfOZkbWW5cDw8p8A/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0% 0px; 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"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(254, 193, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 0px; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">同济大学建筑与城市规划学院风景园林学科学术委员会主任、同济大学风景科学研究所所长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">刘滨谊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系博士研究生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">魏冬雪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第3期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热舒适的准确评价是城市绿色空间合理评判与优化的关键。文章回顾了已有热舒适评价的文献，指出城市绿色空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间热舒适受到气候要素、个人要素和空间要素的综合影响；同时，介绍了相关领域研究的新技术，为城市绿色空间热舒适评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">价带来新的契机。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(42, 118, 162); float: right; margin-top: -6px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 城市绿色空间；热舒适；小气候<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(95, 94, 102); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)03-0102-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.11 + 9　</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]刘滨谊，魏冬雪．城市绿色空间热舒适评述与展望[J]．规划师，2017(3)：102-107．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JRqibOMB4HydibMsCeHgC7icFicdSibJaO86QvwFiaqP1xZNrIQvqTxTT61RLywBUVo4z9N1TZ7M6YuvOBFyqDrlpZicg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>城市绿色空间的概念与热舒适评价方法</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一） 城市绿色空间</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿色空间的概念是对“城市开放空间”和“城<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市绿色开放空间”概念的简明化，它与建筑物所形成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的灰色空间形成鲜明对比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。Kabisch等人认为，从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">景观构成看，城市绿色空间广义上指在城市环境中出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现的任何植被，是存在于住宅之外的用于聚会的场所，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这些场所为居民提供了相互接触的空间、休闲游憩的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">机会，为自然界的物种提供了生境，维护了生物的多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">样性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。有绿色植被的街道、广场、校园、滨水带和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市公园都属于城市绿色空间。近年来，医学、心理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">学和社会学对城市绿色空间表现出极大关注，从研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">绿色空间自身客体转向研究以人为主体的主客体之间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的交流与相互影响，从健康、感知、精神需求与受益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人群等方面进行广泛分析。在城市绿色空间中，景观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">元素和空间布局能够形成小气候，影响人们的热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感知，城市绿色空间热舒适也日益受到人们重视。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）热舒适评价指标与方法</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">目前，评估户外热舒适的指标以基于人体能量<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">平衡的机理指标为主。预测平均投票 (PMV)、生理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等效温度(PET)、标准有效温度(SET ＊ )和通用热气候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">指数(UTCI)4种指标在研究中被普遍应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用。这四种指标在综合考虑空气温度、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">相对湿度、风速和太阳辐射4种小气候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要素的基础上，兼顾了服装热阻和人体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新陈代谢量。在客观评价方法中，一种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">是使用小型气象站对上述4种小气候要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">素进行现场实测，进而使用 RayMan</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">软件进行热舒适值计算；另一种是通过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">ENVI-met、SOLWEIG与COMFA等软</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">件进行数值模拟计算热舒适值。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">现场实测与使用调查问卷直接询问<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">受试者热舒适与热感觉相结合的方法被</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">称为热舒适主观评价方法。问卷通常包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">含两个部分：第一部分是受访者的个人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">特征，第二部分是人们对气候要素的感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">知与偏好评级。常用的热感觉评价指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为ASHRAE的7点标度及其扩展的9点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">标度，这两个标度为两极对称标尺，0</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">点标度为不冷不热的热感觉状态，被称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为热中性，中间的3个标度 —  -1、0、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">1 被视为令人满意的标度；热舒适评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">指标常采用0～3的4级标尺；热偏好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">评价使用麦金泰尔5级量表。已有大量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研究使用问卷调查方法将人们的实际热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感觉与 PET、SET＊ 和 UTCI 等热舒适指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">标进行回归分析，进而确定不同地区城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市绿色空间中实际热中性温度和热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">范围。表1为常见评价模型与热感觉投</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">票的对应范围。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3SYjuQdjHL41NNrso6GQh8We02ibAS9vKCpdtTp1w873Mklln67icAmww/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JRqibOMB4HydibMsCeHgC7icFicdSibJaO86QvwFiaqP1xZNrIQvqTxTT61RLywBUVo4z9N1TZ7M6YuvOBFyqDrlpZicg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 3px 0px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二   影响城市绿色空间热舒适的因素<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在城市绿色空间中，热舒适应遵<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">从风景园林感受的概念，理解为风景园</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">林客观环境信息被接受、转译，进而成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为主观感受信息这样一个信息编码、处</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">理和传输的过程</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。如图1所示，城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">绿色空间热舒适受到气候、空间和个人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">3 个元素的共同作用。表 2 是根据风景</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">园林三元论对户外热舒适进行的三元解</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">析。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3GE8XI3TUrmVHMNcxsYSrv0fQQW016XSRLEuMnEIicKSD0YNIUJ2bRWA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3sL7GDj4j0zu5NQAicH9iaG8BOkKrzt6R2CicibAd2RcFJ7MLmNtMpT87nQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">气候要素的影响</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿色空间小气候受城市气候<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的影响，在城市气候中，空气温度和相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对湿度较难改变，但这两种气候要素容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">易受到临近场地的影响；风和太阳辐射</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能够通过风景园林规划设计策略发生改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变。单独的气候要素不能揭示人们的户</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，城市绿色空间热舒适是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空气温度、相对湿度、风速和太阳辐射</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">４种小气候要素综合作用的结果，但某</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一种气候要素可能成为影响人体热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的主导。Mazhar等人使用COMFA模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">拟比较了巴基斯坦拉合尔市两个户外空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间的小气候与热舒适，一个是 16 世纪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建造的夏利玛花园，有很多树木和水景，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">另外一个是当代阿罕布拉艺术中心，全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">部是硬质庭院。研究发现，尽管两个场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地有着相似的空气温度和湿度，但是阿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">罕布拉艺术中心的太阳辐射值远高于夏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">利玛花园，夏利玛花园高大的树木提供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了更为舒适的热环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。在干热地区，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿色空间能够降低太阳辐射，促进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">户外热舒适。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Nikolopoulou等人对欧洲5个国家<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的 7 个城市共计 14 个开放空间的调研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发现，热感觉与综合小气候要素的相关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性在 0.27 ～0.68 之间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。基于人体能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">量平衡的 PMV、PET、SET ＊ 和 UTCI 等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">户外热舒适评价指标与居民的实际热感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">觉产生偏离，对于不同的研究地点有必</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要结合当地人的感知建立热适应模型。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">例如，PMV 只能在舒适范围内与实际</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热感觉投票反应一致，在过冷或过热的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">状态下，PMV 预测值不能反映人们的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实际热感觉。Ruiz等人将 PET、PMV等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">6 个热舒适指标与受试者的实际热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进行比较，认为这些指标的预测能力不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">足 25%  。表 3 为不同地区实验地结合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">当地人热感知的 PET 舒适范围。户外空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间人体热舒适不完全由环境物理中的气</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">候要素决定，还与个人的物理、生理、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">心理和行为等因素相关。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3GNrA0SSUicz5cibypGZzhHM8Rz0AMeEzbXib5H8kgibibt2A635mXDWh5UQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; float: left; width: 45%; margin-top: 0.2em; border: 1px dotted rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; float: right; width: 45%; margin-top: 0.2em; border: 1px dotted rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; margin: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二） <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>个人要素的影响<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在个人物理与生理方面，性别、年<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">龄影响热舒适感知。女性对于热不舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">较男性更为敏感；相同性别的人，年纪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">越轻，对于热不舒适的敏感性越高，老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">年人对热感觉的敏感性较低，但老年人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">更易受热压力的威胁；Pantavou等人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提出体重、身高和体表面积等个人物理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要素与热感觉的相关性较低，新陈代谢</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这一生理要素对于热感觉的影响也不显</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">著</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在个人心理方面，人们的记忆、<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">期望和文化态度等影响热舒适感知。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Nikolopoulou 最早提出，心理因素在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">主观热舒适评价中起着重要的作用。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">他和同伴认为空间的自然性、人们的期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">望、经历、暴露时间的长短、对于环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的感知控制及环境刺激等因素影响着人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">们的热感知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。人们的热经历和热历</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">史影响热感知及热期望，对于相同的户</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外温度，长期处于空调环境中的人比生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活在自然通风环境中的人有更高的热感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，空调使用者热应力的年度百分比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">显著上升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> ；早先的居住地也影响人们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的热期望，在城市绿色空间中，城市居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民比乡村居民期望更低的风速</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。一些</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研究者也相继验证了季节和气候影响了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人们的经历与期望，在冬季人们偏好温</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">暖，在夏季则偏好凉爽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">；热带城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的人们对于高温有较高的容忍性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Kenz和Thorsson等人关注于文化、环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">境态度对于热感知的影响，在城市绿色</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间具有相同的PET值，不同的文化背</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">景和生活习惯的人的户外活动与热感知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具有显著差异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在个人行为方面，户外暴露时间、<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感知的控制及活动水平等影响热舒适感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">知。长期的户外暴露可能帮助人们适应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热环境并对热条件有更多的容忍性。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感知的控制也影响人们的热感知，人们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">选择打伞、带遮阳帽和减少衣物等行为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来调节热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> ；当人们感觉热时，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">走到树荫或构筑物阴影下，就会感觉相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对舒适。此外，当人们对环境刺激的需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">求大于热不舒适的限制，即人们主动去</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交往、锻炼、参与时，已经准备好了去</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">适应环境，也就避免了过度的热压力。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; float: left; width: 45%; margin-top: 0.2em; border: 1px dotted rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; float: right; width: 45%; margin-top: 0.2em; border: 1px dotted rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; margin: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三） 空间要素的影响</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">已有一些研究提出了空间环境感知<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和热舒适之间有紧密的关系。这些猜想</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来源于现象学、多感官研究和热感知的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研究。Knez 等人提出的概念模型中将</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">场地的形态(结构、开阔度)、材料(表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">面性质)、自然性(人工化的程度)及位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">置 ( 空间维度 ) 等物理属性看作是影响</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人们的感知、认知、情绪、适应和行为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的间接因素</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> ，同时认为空间环境感知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">影响着人们的环境热舒适。Lenzholzer</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等人批评了当人们的“瞬时”的热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与在场地“真实”测量的数据不相匹配</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">时，研究者们定性的将这种差异归结为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人们的适应能力。已有研究所关注的人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">们的衣着、停留时间、热历史、个人居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">住地和天气状况等因素不能被规划设计</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">直接干预，人们瞬时体验的实际热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">不能被转译为空间环境，而空间的形态、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">维度等物理属性作为小气候感知的视觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">线索影响人们的舒适感知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。Klemm</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等人认为由于人们的视觉感知偏好，热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">舒适感知与空间自然性、美感和环境的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">积极体验相关，城市绿色空间设计对于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热舒适感知具有积极的影响</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Lenzholzer等人对荷兰3个城市广<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">场进行实证研究发现，广场空间的宽度、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开阔度和材料影响人们热舒适的体验与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感知。在荷兰，城市广场的高宽比最好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大于0.25，太宽的广场被认为是热不舒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">适，这个比值大于视觉感知视角所限定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的高宽比下限值0.17 。Klemm等人使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用问卷调研了3个荷兰城市居民热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的长期感知，与建筑环境相比，人们评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">估绿色空间具有更好的热感知，该研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">同时调研了乌特勒支市内的13个公园，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发现公园的热变化受到公园内树木遮阴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖和上风向植被覆盖的显著影响，与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公园大小的关系不显著</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。Klemm 等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人在荷兰选择了 3 种类型的街道进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了夏季热环境感知分析，分别是类型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">1 —— 没有绿化的街道，类型2 —— 两侧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有大行道树的街道，类型 3 —— 两侧有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">花园和小行道树的街道。尽管类型2的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">平均辐射温度值高于类型 3，但是人们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">评估类型 3 的热舒适感知高于类型 2。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Klemm 等人认为视野里丰富的植被类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型和高度变化促使人们获得了更好的热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">舒适感知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。Wang 等人在荷兰格罗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">宁根大学校园选择春夏两季分析人们对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">5 个场地的热舒适感知及偏好，指出自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">然、安静等因子比实际的热条件对于热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感知更为重要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JRqibOMB4HydibMsCeHgC7icFicdSibJaO86QvwFiaqP1xZNrIQvqTxTT61RLywBUVo4z9N1TZ7M6YuvOBFyqDrlpZicg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 17.6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">相关领域技术进展给热舒适评价</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">带来的新契机</span></strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">传统的户外热舒适评价方法在取<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">得大量实践成果的同时，也受到了质</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">疑。一方面，Kantor 和 Johansson 等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人先后提出户外热舒适主观评价的工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具与方法需要标准化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">；另一方面，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有研究者认为在户外环境人体不总是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">处于热平衡状态，基于此，Metje 等人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">质疑了基于能量平衡的预测指标对人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体热舒适的评价，探讨了主观人体户外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热舒适与客观气象参数及人体温度客</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">观测量三者之间的关系，并提出皮肤温</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">度 ( 前额和手 ) 能够作为决定人体户外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">舒适的替代参数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，为客观地评价户</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外热舒适水平提供了可能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在稳态环境下，借助近年来神经科<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">学、心理科学与医学等多个学科研究的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">最新技术进展，一些生理指标可以辅助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以问卷为主要数据收集手段的传统心理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感受研究。在人工气候室内，受自主性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体温调节活动影响的生理参数(如人体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">皮肤温度、心率变异性、新陈代谢率、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">脑电波、排汗率)与人体热舒适具有较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">好的生理相关性，并在人体处于热舒适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与不舒适状态时差异显著，具备作为人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体热舒适客观评价指标的生理基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生理指标与热舒适的关联已被广泛验</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">证。Huizenga等人对受试者在局部或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">整体受冷时的 21 个部位的局部皮肤温</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">度进行了测量，结合热舒适与热感觉主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">观调查的结果，发现当人体处于热中性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">状态时，手部及手指的皮肤温度有显著</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">波动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。上海交通大学连之伟的团队对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此也作了较为深入的研究，叶晓江的研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究成果表明受试人员在稍冷环境(自然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通风)和舒适环境(空调)内的心率变异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性有显著不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。刘蔚巍提出，人体平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">均皮肤温度与人体热感觉、热舒适关系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">密切，可作为一个有效的客观指标来评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">价稳态热环境下的人体热舒适程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">潘黎则提出生理参数的变化能够反映人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体在当前环境的舒适程度及相应生理状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">态：①不同的生理参数可评价不同的环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">境；心率变异性和血氧饱和浓度可评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热湿环境；呼吸率可评价新风量；指尖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">血流量和皮肤电可结合起来评价光环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">境；心率变异性、指尖血流量和呼吸率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可结合起来评价声环境。②清醒状态下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可采用生理参数准确评价热舒适和热感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">觉；心率变异性、心率和呼吸率可用来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">评价热舒适；血氧饱和度、皮肤电和指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">尖血流量可评价热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。表4是与热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">舒适相关的生理指标。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaYukeDJjQ2UneJXIzl7Eu3DP0wIZJpUb07DBic4dPHFzZyJXVyKuV2iatodF0ia2BziaBRDauzRs0Plw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在室外环境中，人体生理参数的变<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化受环境因子的影响也得到了验证。冷</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">寒冰等人通过比较不同植物环境下人体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">主观舒适度及客观生理参数的变化，发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现生理参数能从一定程度上反映人体在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境中的舒适状态，其中心率变异性与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境舒适度的相关性最为明显</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"> ；武锋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等人研究了红树林环境的舒适度，分别</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">测量了 30 个被试者的血压、心跳频率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和呼吸频率的生理参数，发现心跳频率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分别与环境参数中的光照强度和空气负</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">离子浓度相关，表明了人体生理参数的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变化受环境因子的影响</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">；Schnell等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人使用心率变异率(HRV)结合热舒适指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">标计算和主观问卷验证了城市公园在热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">压力、空气质量方面为市民提供了更为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">健康的环境，即便是小尺度的公园，也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能为市民提供更为舒适的、有助于心情</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">放松和精神恢复的户外坏境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。这些研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究对于热舒适的客观评价具有启发。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JRqibOMB4HydibMsCeHgC7icFicdSibJaO86QvwFiaqP1xZNrIQvqTxTT61RLywBUVo4z9N1TZ7M6YuvOBFyqDrlpZicg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px 8px; border-top-left-radius: 0.5em; border-top-right-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四  总结与展望</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 90%; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">大量的实地研究为各个地区乃至不<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">同的风景园林空间提供了可供参考的舒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">适阈值，验证了城市绿色空间能够从物</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">理、心理方面促进人们户外热舒适感知，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对于人们的身体健康和幸福生活具有重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要作用。与此同时，应该注意到人们在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">户外空间中的热舒适是气候要素作用，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人体物理、心理、行为和生理作用，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及空间要素作用三者耦合的结果。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">以问卷结合实测的户外热舒适研究<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在当前户外热舒适研究领域成为主导，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">结合人体生理指标的研究也应该逐渐受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">到人们的关注，尝试采取新的研究方法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">揭示热舒适的生理机制，其目的在于直</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">接判断风景园林空间对于人体热舒适感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">知的影响。基于已有的人体基础热感觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与关键热生理参数的定量关系，在城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">绿色空间中获得生理与心理热反应的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">律，分析出城市绿色空间物理形态、元</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">素与特征对于热舒适的影响机制，将为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">准确评价及预测不同城市绿色空间的热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">舒适提供可靠的理论依据。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热舒适应该成为评价城市绿色空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的重要方面，它将推动风景园林规划专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业人士从环境物理角度出发，从人的物</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">理需求、心理需求、行为需求和生理需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">求角度进行空间的规划设计探索，这必</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">将不再是普适性的规划设计标准，也终</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">将创造出适宜人类生存、生产和生活的，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有益于人们健康并具有特色的城市绿色</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid white; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2017年3期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>城市绿色空间热舒适评述与展望<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JRqibOMB4HydibMsCeHgC7icFicdSibJaO86QvwFiaqP1xZNrIQvqTxTT61RLywBUVo4z9N1TZ7M6YuvOBFyqDrlpZicg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 4px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(245, 235, 220); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 10px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(196, 208, 122); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">论文征稿</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px 3px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; 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