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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14.4px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaibAqBpD3b164GNZiatF2fdKiclV2lGJIGv7Ze0jxPSyslu4lIdVC1qUbicoVU5tLm1bGtQTe5XiaWWzQ/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" data-ratio="0.9409090909090909" data-w="220" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaibAqBpD3b164GNZiatF2fdKiclV2lGJIGv7Ze0jxPSyslu4lIdVC1qUbicoVU5tLm1bGtQTe5XiaWWzQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 10.8px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">  2017年1期主题：收缩城市与规划应对</p></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 5em; transform: rotate(-25deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-25deg); -o-transform: rotate(-25deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); width: 5em; margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); line-height: 1; margin-right: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">【主持人语】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; padding-top: 5px; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">收缩城市的主要表现为由去工业化、郊区化、老龄化和社会结构转型等原因导致的城市人口总量减少、产业经济衰退<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及发展用地空置等现象，相关研究在欧美等发达国家已经引起广泛关注。随着全球经济危机引发经济波动以及人口刘易斯拐点的出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现，我国城市发展出现一系列的结构性变化，新常态下城市增长与收缩的新现象将同时发生。为持续跟踪国内外收缩城市的研究进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展，2016年5月“首届中国收缩城市学术研讨会”在中山大学举办，来自国内外高等院校和科研单位的60多位专家与学者参加了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此次会议，会议议题涉及“识别收缩城市的空间范围”“定义收缩城市的指标”“收缩城市的分析框架”等话题。基于此，《规划师》2017年1期“规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划师论坛”栏目以“收缩城市与规划应对”为主题，围绕收缩城市的识别、不同地区城镇收缩特征和城市收缩的规划应对等展开探</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">讨，以期为读者们认识我国收缩城市的客观现实、空间结构与形成机理，探索应对收缩城市的路径和方法提供有益参考。</span></p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(36, 70, 162), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">【主持人简介】</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">李　郇，教授，注册城市规划师，中山大学城市化研究院院长，中山大学地理科学与规划学院博士生导师，中国地理学会经济地理专业委员会委员。</p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">龙　瀛，博士，清华大学建筑学院副研究员，北京城市实验室创建人，中国城市科学研究会城市大数据专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.01950354609929078" data-w="564" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/8MTKpL9NxLWxZV3ZAQq9W3ibp5nqlKyDn3eSXolJkaNvEgO4Ps3UMuGt9ofGjBzZwwgbFJTprXaQtXmjunDaOwg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);" width="100%"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gHSra6OY9cIwcWS3ZdknL7VstDia1WLvkrR5ibMkgdVhcEd8nU8JbTQO7PZ9cgSuuqdMsRRpABJeordicYK9hibwcA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid white; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛5】</strong></p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">金融危机背景下农村城镇化地区收缩及规划应对 —— 以东莞市长安镇上沙村为例</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放后，珠江三角洲在外来资本和地方政府的双重作用下实现了农村城镇化的快速发展。然而面临金融危机<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的冲击，珠江三角洲地区产业经济资本外流和劳动力流出，表现为经济增速放缓和外来人口大量流失的收缩现象。作者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中山大学地理科学与规划学院硕士研究生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">秦小珍</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，中山大学地理科学与规划学院博士研究生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">杜志威</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第1期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文章以东</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">莞市长安镇上沙村为例，重点探索了农村城镇化地区村庄单元的收缩特征、形成机制和规划应对。研究表明，农村城镇化地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区存在以出租屋空置和厂房小型化分租为特征的空间收缩，且主要集中于旧村片区和老旧工业区；外向型加工制造业转型升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">级和外来产业人口流失是导致村庄出现空间收缩的主要动因。为了避免村庄持续收缩，文章结合农村城镇化地区的收缩特征</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和机制，借鉴欧美国家采取的“精明收缩”发展策略，重点从旧村片区、老旧工业区改造等方面提出建议。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 12.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(36, 70, 162), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 16px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词]金融危机；农村城镇化；收缩；东莞市；上沙村</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号]1006-0022(2017)01-0033-06</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号]TU984</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式]<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">秦小珍，杜志威．金融危机背景下农村城镇化地区收缩及规划应对——以东莞市长安镇上沙村为例[J]．规划师，</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2017(1)：33-38.</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gHSra6OY9cIwcWS3ZdknL7VstDia1WLvkrR5ibMkgdVhcEd8nU8JbTQO7PZ9cgSuuqdMsRRpABJeordicYK9hibwcA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 19.2px; padding: 5px 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一  </strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>农村城镇化过程中的增长与收缩<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">自下而上的农村城镇化是改革开<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">放后我国城镇化进程的重要特征，指发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生在农村地域，由基层村政府发动和农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民自主推动的，以农村工业化和农村人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">口在农村就地转移，建立小城镇为中心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的城镇化过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。珠江三角洲是自下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而上农村城镇化的代表，对于其动力机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">制的形成，有两种主要观点：一种是乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">镇企业的发展提高了农村的经济发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">水平，推动了小城镇的建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">；另一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种是通过吸引港澳资金带动当地的经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">济发展，形成外资导向型的外向型城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">以东莞市为例，其主要发展特征体<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现在三个方面，即产业经济高速增长、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人口规模迅速增加和城镇建设用地快速</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">扩张。20世纪80年代，在全球产业转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">移和劳动地域分工的背景下，珠江三角</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">洲凭借其优越的地理位置和低成本生产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">优势，通过吸引香港、台湾等地的外来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">资本和发展乡镇企业，推动以劳动密集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型和土地密集型产业为主的农村工业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化，形成了以“三来一补”企业和外资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">企业为主的外向型经济。随着劳动密集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型制造业的快速发展，对劳动力形成巨</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大的需求市场，也使得珠江三角洲成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为全国流动人口迁移的目的地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">量流动人口的集聚促使珠江三角洲常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">住人口规模迅速扩大。数据显示，东</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">莞市的流动人口由1990年的65.59万</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">增加到 2007 年的 557.8 万，占常住人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">口的比重由37.3％增加到77.8％。与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此同时，通过实施财政包干和财政分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">税的管理体制改革，村级政府对农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集体所有的土地具有较高的开发积极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性，在吸引外资方面形成激烈竞争，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外来资本的逐利性和村级政府的自主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">权共同导致了“村村点火、户户冒烟”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的农村城镇化现象</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。与之相伴的是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">农业用地尤其是耕地的锐减及城镇建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">设用地规模的迅速扩大，东莞市的耕</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地面积从 1990 年的 588.4hm2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">减少到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2007 年的 322.5hm2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，年均减少率为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">-3.5％；同期建成区面积从14hm2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">加到 75hm2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，年均增长率为 10.4％。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">然而，2008年全球金融危机爆发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">后，农村城镇化原有的发展路径发生转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变，出现常住人口流失、产业经济增长</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">萎缩、厂房和出租屋空置等与农村城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">快速增长截然相反的现象。新马克思主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">义认为，资本主义经济危机是资本过度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">积累造成的，资本盈余和劳动盈余是其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">典型特征，表现为不断上升的失业率、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">闲置的生产能力，以及生产性和盈利性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">投资的缺失</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。因此，金融危机影响</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">下产业经济资本外流和劳动力流出是农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">村城镇化地区收缩的主要特征。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">面临着市场需求锐减和高成本生<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产的双重压力，农村城镇化地区早期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">快速发展的外生动力和内生动力消失，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">追求低成本生产的劳动密集型和土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">密集型产业难以为继。数据显示，截至</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2011 年，东莞市 3500多家玩具厂中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">约倒闭了1800家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">；东莞市常住人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">从 2008 年的 1300 多万减至 2013 年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的 700 多万</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。伴随着企业倒闭和人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">口流失，东莞市厂房和出租屋的空置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">率居高不下，其中出租屋的空置率高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">达40％以上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。因此，受金融危机带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来的外部条件变化影响，农村城镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地区面临经济发展衰退和人口规模减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">小等问题，并伴随出现厂房和出租屋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空置现象，这是村庄收缩的空间特征</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">( 图 1)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.5109375" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKp48sdl32DDqIw13nbIE9r2ddlWEOMASNu7hvfV6hic9bQRBAS5Vou04Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gHSra6OY9cIwcWS3ZdknL7VstDia1WLvkrR5ibMkgdVhcEd8nU8JbTQO7PZ9cgSuuqdMsRRpABJeordicYK9hibwcA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 19.2px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">农村城镇化地区的村庄收缩：以</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">东莞市长安镇上沙村为例</strong></p></section><section style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(95, 94, 102); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; transform: rotate(0deg); width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; height: 0.14em; margin: 0px -1em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em; margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 0.14em solid rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）上沙村空间演变历程</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">上沙村位于东莞市长安镇中部，<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地处珠江三角洲冲击平原地带，依山</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">面海，可耕可渔，优越的自然条件造</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">就了上沙村发达的农业经济。改革开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">放后，上沙村凭借毗邻香港、深圳的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区位优势，利用土地、劳动力和水电</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等低成本优势，以“三来一补”等方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">式发展起以五金模具和电子信息为主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的外向型经济，由北向南先后开发建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">设了多个工业区，以工业化带动农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化的发展。上沙村的空间扩展演</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变历程可以划分为三个阶段。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">阶段一 (1978 ～ 1990 年 )：改革<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开放后，上沙村凭借毗邻香港、澳门的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">优越地理位置，紧抓改革开放的国家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">政策，积极动员香港同胞和海外华侨回</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">村投资办厂以发展外向型加工制造业。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">1985年，上沙村成功引进第一家“三</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来一补”企业—中商玩具厂，在358</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">省道(原107国道)北侧自发建设厂房，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">形成第一工业区，随后于1989年在西</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">侧投资建设第二工业区。外资企业交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">导向式的发展模式实现了上沙村由单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">纯居住空间向工业空间的拓展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">阶段二 (1991 ～ 2000 年 )：外向<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型企业凭借自身雄厚资金、先进技术和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">科学管理，为村集体经济收入和村民就</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业做出了重要贡献。为了吸引外商投资，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上沙村积极实施相关措施和推动交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施建设，先后于 1994 年、1995</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">年和1998年在358省道南侧统一规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建设第三工业区、第四工业区和第五</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工业区，工业空间向南拓展。工业区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">沿中南北路、中山北路和福祥路两侧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划建设商住楼，形成“下铺上居，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">前商后厂”的工业区布局。随着村民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">经济收入的大幅提升，部分村民在东湖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新苑新建住房，同样促发了居住空间由</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">旧村向南拓展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">阶段三(2000年至今)：为了整体<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">改善村民居住空间，上沙村在中山北路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">东西两侧规划建设沙溪新苑新村。持续</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">不断的外资注入驱动着上沙村的工业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间不断向南拓展。2000年以来，上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">沙村开发建设了博业工业园、合和工业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">园和东阳光科技园等，整体呈现出工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业空间对居住空间的半包围式结构。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上沙村在整体南拓发展的同时，伴随</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">着本地村民逐渐迁往新村，旧村片区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">日益衰败。旧村部分被改造为出租屋的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地区得到重新发展，而在未改造成出租</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">屋的地区中仅有零星几栋空置房屋和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">荒地，并用铁皮与周边区域相隔(图2，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">图 3)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="1.442890442890443" data-w="429" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKp25TichSK3MWhic6G2iakUStD2ZOeLO4ic7DhRuUZFyrFfUWKeibCALy6THA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.3875" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKpJ72icDDf5pT1z2ibZHaiaqiaPE1cu81DgMM6mofIR3iaewwa2EcTVuY5Kbg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.0203125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QkcLHEXicxqLkzQm9lcYUAqibhtnbbbTAYuibA42a3OFYu7LeYxvcnTiaFISI3dosy62ZYib9CzFaWQXOtg952ORKiaQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; max-height: 1.2em !important; box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"  /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）村庄收缩的空间特征</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">厂房：早期工业厂房空置和</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">小型化分租现象突出</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在金融危机的背景下，外向型企业<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">面临市场减小和利润下降的双重压力，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">缩减生产规模成为企业的一致选择。厂</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">房空置与工业区停止扩张是农村城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化地区工业空间收缩的主要特征，而员</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工宿舍空置、厂房小型化分租等现象是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工业区出现收缩的具体表现。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">调研发现，上沙村的厂房收缩空间<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分布特征表现为北部老旧工业区集聚</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">收缩，中南部工业区零星收缩。北部早</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">期发展起来的老旧工业区的厂房收缩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">明显，集中分布在第一工业区和第二工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业区。第三工业区及之后开发建设的工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业区，无论是功能布局还是建筑质量都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有较大提升，厂房出租情况相对较好，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">单个工业区内仅有零星几家厂房空置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">招租。同时，上沙村内整栋厂房空置的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现象并不普遍，厂房部分空置和小型化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分租的空间收缩特征明显；对于厂房建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">筑的利用，从“一栋厂房一家企业”的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">传统工业布局向“一栋厂房多家企业”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的空间模式转变 ( 图 4，图 5)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.296875" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKpyOjia0WjsM49M76HrVmDFozVStYLREt0588lia94284Rqm6ibqMhZ0KBw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="1.3297297297297297" data-w="370" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKpO1vXhNXBgKUmkDic6CaECcoWWerzVfVDzsUkaCm7uNf5FKv8ATRQ2qQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">出租屋：旧村片区出租屋空置</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">现象比较明显</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">与厂房空置相比，上沙村的出租屋<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空置现象尤为明显，具体表现为出租屋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空置率上升和租金价格下降。据当地居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民反映，2008年金融危机后，上沙村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">经济整体萧条，人口大量减少，出租屋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空置率最高可达30％～40％，且咨询</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">租房的人也随之减少。由于供大于求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出租屋的租金出现了大幅度下降，二房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一厅的租金由650元下降到500～550</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">元，降幅约30％；一房一厅的租金也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">减少了 50 ～ 80 元。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在空间分布方面，上沙村的出租<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">屋主要分布在旧村片区以及中南中路、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中山中路、福祥路和东引河两侧，其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中旧村片区出租屋的空置现象较为严</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重，沿主干道两侧、临近工业区的出租</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">屋空置率则较低。调研发现，上沙村的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">旧村片区在20世纪90年代中后期逐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">渐被改建为出租屋，因房屋建设年代</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">久远且高度集中，出租屋普遍在采光、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通讯、消防和污水处理等方面存在问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">题，居住环境整体不佳，导致空置现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">象明显，大部分出租屋的空置率为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">10％～30％，少数达到30％以上。中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">南中路、中山中路和福祥路两侧的出租</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">屋建于2000年后，居住环境优良，且</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">临近工业区就业地，空置率多在10％</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以下 ( 图 6)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="1.3876404494382022" data-w="356" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI98D2sfOVibQPT3lmK6DKpxL931e3WsNlnPbq7otJz16TbOQUFhOXLJLpO3ryy2CM7T5EvicdeIPA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">此外，集体经济萧条是农村城镇化<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">地区的收缩特征表现。在农村工业化初</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">期阶段，广阔、廉价的土地资源是上沙</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">村吸引外资的要素，以厂房租赁和出租</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">屋租赁为主的出租经济成为村集体及村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">民的重要经济来源。改革开放后，上沙</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">村的集体经济蓬勃发展，集体利润纯收</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">入和福利发放金的年均增长率分别高达</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">28.2％和 23.2％。但在 2007 年后，集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">体经济出现大幅下滑，集体利润纯收入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">由 2007 年的 8　725 万元减少到 2010 年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">的6587万元，同期村民福利发放金也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">由4365.6 万元减少至 2　639.04 万元。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，金融危机后，上沙村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">的城镇空间发展方式发生了巨大改变。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">伴随着经济资本外流和劳动力流出，上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">沙村结束了通过大规模建设厂房和出租</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">屋、以快速工业化带动建设用地高速扩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">张的发展方式，转而出现了建设用地增</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">长停止、出租屋空置、厂房小型化分租</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">和集体经济萧条的收缩现象，且村庄空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">间收缩主要集中在旧村片区和老旧工业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">区内。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.0203125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QkcLHEXicxqLkzQm9lcYUAqibhtnbbbTAYuibA42a3OFYu7LeYxvcnTiaFISI3dosy62ZYib9CzFaWQXOtg952ORKiaQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; max-height: 1.2em !important; box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"  /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三） 村庄收缩的机制分析</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">传统制造业转型升级导致厂房</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">空间小型化置换</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中商玩具厂的引进开启了上沙村农<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">村工业化和城镇化的发展道路。依靠国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">际市场的巨大需求和国内低成本的生产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">优势，上沙村积极招商引资，形成了以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“三来一补”企业和三资企业为主的“两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">头在外”的外向型经济，以及以五金模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具、电子信息为主的产业集群。同时，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">随着第一工业区到第五工业区的开发建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">设，上沙村形成了工业区对村庄的半包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">围式空间结构。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">金融危机后，上沙村外向型产业面<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">临着国际市场减小、外销订单锐减的挑</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">战，同时国内产业环境也发生了巨大变</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化，主要表现在土地供给趋紧、土地价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">格上涨、劳动力成本上涨、外销优惠政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">策力度减小和人民币升值等方面。东兴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">商标织绣厂负责人表示：“近几年最低</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工资水平不断提高，由原先的900元</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上涨到现在的1　550元，直接导致了生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产成本的增加，其中劳动力成本约占总</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成本的15％。”与此同时，随着年龄</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的增长，传统农民工难以满足现代化生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产需求，主要从事于低端的制造生产业，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而新生代农民工又更加关注工作环境，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">普遍存在不愿进厂工作、流动性大等问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">题。祥兴玩具厂负责人就表示：“工厂</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">每年员工的流动率很高，一年流失员工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">数约5000名，聘请10名员工大约仅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能留下5名。”由此可见，国际市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">需求的萎缩、劳动力成本的上涨和用工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">荒问题的出现成为上沙村企业发展面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">临的最大挑战。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">随着产业发展环境的转变，上沙村<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以劳动密集型和土地密集型为主的外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">向型产业受到严重打击，工业总产值增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">速明显减缓。2008～2014年，上沙村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工业总产值年均增长率降为10.75％，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与 2008 年前的 31.10％相比，年均增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">长率减少幅度高达65％。部分外向型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">企业难以承受订单锐减和高成本的压</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力，出现搬迁甚至倒闭的现象。根据上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">沙村对外经济贸易办公室企业数据统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计，2009 ～ 2015 年上沙村共有 21 家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">企业倒闭或搬迁，其中15家为“三来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一补”企业，5家为三资企业，1家为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外商独资企业，这直接导致了部分厂房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出现空置。为了应对劳动力成本上涨和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用工荒问题，部分企业采取自动化设备</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">替代人工生产的方式，不但减少了对劳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">动力的使用，而且提高了企业生产效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">率和产品质量。例如，祥兴玩具厂于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2009年开始投入使用自动化机器，每</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">两台小机器可节省3名员工，目前工厂</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">约有100台小机器，节约用工约200人，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生产效率提高了30％。外向型企业的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">倒闭直接导致部分工人失业，同时企业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的自动化转型发展也进一步增加了失业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人数。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">为了改变低端的外向型加工制造<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业现状，2007年东莞市提出了经济社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">会双转型发展战略，并发布了《中共东</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">莞市委、东莞市人民政府关于促进民营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">经济发展的若干意见》以支持民营企业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的发展。据《上沙村志》统计，上沙村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“三来一补”和三资企业的数量分别从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2007 年的 237 家和 124 家降为 2010</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">年的46家和37家。与此同时，民营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">企业数量不断增加，从2000年的25</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">家增加到2010年的138家，企业结构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出现了由以外资企业为主向外资企业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和民营企业并重的转变，因外资企业倒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">闭或搬迁而空置的厂房则迅速转租给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民营企业。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">外来产业人口流出引发出租屋</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.27; box-sizing: border-box;">大量空置</span></p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代，上沙村大量“三<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来一补”企业和三资企业吸引了成千</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上万外来人口的集聚。据《上沙村志》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">统计，上沙村外来人口从1990年的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">5428 人增加至 2007 年的 57347 人，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外来人口的数量是本地居民的20倍。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为了满足外来人口的住房需求，上沙村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">先后在旧村片区和临近工业区的道路两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">侧新建了多栋出租屋。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从上沙村外来人口数量变化看，<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2000年以来上沙村外来人口总体呈现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">下降趋势，特别是金融危机影响后的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">2009 年，下降幅度高达 35.33％。金融</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">危机以来的外向型企业搬迁或倒闭直接</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">造成了外来人口的减少，同时受企业自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">动化转型升级发展的影响，企业用工规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">模缩小。祥兴玩具厂负责人表示工厂原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">先由三家玩具厂组成，每家工厂的员工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">均超过3000名，而现合并成一个企业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">后只有1400名员工。外来人口总量的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">减少直接造成出租屋供大于求，出现空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">置率增加的现象。同时，新生代农民工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的高流动性也造成了出租屋租期短的特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">征，出租屋房东表示在工厂上班的很多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">租客租住时间均不到半年。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">总的来看，改革开放后，上沙村凭<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">借其低成本的生产优势，吸引了外来资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">本的投资，实现了产业经济快速发展及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外来人口大量集聚的工业化和城镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发展。金融危机以来，外向型经济面临</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">着国际市场减小、土地和劳动力短缺、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生产成本上涨、人民币升值和政策支持</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力度减小等产业发展环境的变化，上沙</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">村出现了产业经济放缓、企业类型从外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">资主导向外资与民营并重转变、产业转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型升级发展和以产业工人为主的外来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人口大量流失等变化，产业和人口的转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变共同导致了上沙村的空间收缩现象。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; transform: rotate(0deg); width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; height: 0.14em; margin: 0px -1em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gHSra6OY9cIwcWS3ZdknL7VstDia1WLvkrR5ibMkgdVhcEd8nU8JbTQO7PZ9cgSuuqdMsRRpABJeordicYK9hibwcA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 1em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0px -1.85em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 0.3em; margin-top: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);"></section><section style="height: 0.3em; margin-top: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);"></section><section style="height: 0.3em; margin-top: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 2.3em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; font-size: 18px; min-height: 2.3em !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 2.3; box-sizing: border-box;">农村城镇化地区村庄收缩的</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 2.3; box-sizing: border-box;">规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 2.3; box-sizing: border-box;">应对</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">上沙村作为典型的农村城镇化地<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区，早期的快速工业化和城镇化过程造</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成了整个村庄功能单纯围绕外向型产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业发展和布局。当面临金融危机和高成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">本生产双重压力时，上沙村便出现了经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">济增速减缓和外来人口总量减少的转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">变，进而导致老旧工业区厂房小型化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分租和旧村片区出租屋空置的空间收</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">缩现象。2005年东莞市实行“村改居”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工程，上沙村民委员会改为上沙社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居民委员会，实行社区化管理。借鉴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">欧美国家应对城市收缩采取的“精明</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">收缩”策略</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，结合上沙社区的收</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">缩特征及其形成原因，本文针对性地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提出以下规划应对。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一） <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">整治旧村片区的出租屋环境，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实施旧村空地修复重建</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">通过开展旧村片区出租屋环境整<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">治工程，营造上沙社区良好的出租屋居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">住环境，选择性地拆除质量差的老旧建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">筑，结合沿路、沿街巷绿化空间和房前</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">屋后景观空间的打造，重塑适宜人们交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">流的公共开敞空间。规划铺设污水管网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">系统，治理旧村片区生活污水，解决外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">来人口居住空间的卫生环境问题，整体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提高旧村片区的居住环境质量。针对旧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">村空地实施整体重建改造方案，结合其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地处上沙社区居民委员会的中心位置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和缺乏停车场、公共空间等现状问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在重建过程中规划建设社区停车场和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公园绿地等公共空间，活化和修复空置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.0203125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QkcLHEXicxqLkzQm9lcYUAqibhtnbbbTAYuibA42a3OFYu7LeYxvcnTiaFISI3dosy62ZYib9CzFaWQXOtg952ORKiaQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; max-height: 1.2em !important; box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"  /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">推动早期工业区整体改造，促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区产业升级发展</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">面对358省道北侧老旧工业区的<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">厂房空置与小型化分租等低效利用问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">题，参考《东莞市长安镇城市总体规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">修编 (2015—2030)》，将老旧工业区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地块纳入产业保障区实施整体改造，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">转变成为长安镇产业转型升级发展的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间载体。通过对第一工业区和第二</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工业区内经济效益低、污染严重的企</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业实施搬迁，整合可利用的土地资源，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">释放产业用地空间，同时采取以“二改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">二”的改造形式建设现代化工业园区，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">并以电子信息和五金模具传统优势产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业为基础，推进产业高端化进程，实现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产城融合。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.0203125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QkcLHEXicxqLkzQm9lcYUAqibhtnbbbTAYuibA42a3OFYu7LeYxvcnTiaFISI3dosy62ZYib9CzFaWQXOtg952ORKiaQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%; max-height: 1.2em !important; box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"  /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(36, 70, 162); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开展自下而上的社区规划，营造</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">良好的人居环境</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">为了营造本地居民与外来人口和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">谐共处的氛围，应以公众参与的方式，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">积极开展自下而上的社区规划活动，了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">解和满足本地居民、外来人口及企业家</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等不同利益群体在生产和生活方面的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">诉求。通过规划师与社区居民的交流和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">互动，充分调动居民对社区发展现状、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">问题和发展前景的关注，鼓励居民积极</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">参与到社区规划和实施的过程中，以资</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">金和实物鼓励的方式发动居民积极参</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与房前屋后环境整治、绿化景观空间打</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">造和街巷卫生环境监管等，共同营造生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产、生活、生态和谐友好的人居环境。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gHSra6OY9cIwcWS3ZdknL7VstDia1WLvkrR5ibMkgdVhcEd8nU8JbTQO7PZ9cgSuuqdMsRRpABJeordicYK9hibwcA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em; margin-bottom: -35px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全文详见《规划师》2017年1期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">金融危机背景下农村城镇化地区收缩及规划应对 —— 以东莞市长安镇上沙村为例</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; 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"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(36, 70, 162); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important; 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