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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miam7yo0JL0LsicsdDDWhCbWjaFCGpSEDSjSjficribP1qIp4SvK3xKicpOkcg29U0ibtUy8FRSwEQgAibiaA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(153, 166, 171); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miam7yo0JL0LsicsdDDWhCbWjaFCGpSEDSjSjficribP1qIp4SvK3xKicpOkcg29U0ibtUy8FRSwEQgAibiaA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民生；公益性；公共服务设施；规划标准       </span></p></section><section style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(95, 94, 102); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2016)12-0045-05　</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU981</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(254, 193, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 0px; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">作者<span style="line-height: 1.6;">重庆市规划设计研究院副院长、总规划师</span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">彭瑶玲</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">，重庆市规划设计研究院城乡发展战略研究所副所长</span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">孟庆</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">，重庆市规划设计研究院</span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">李鹏</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">在《规划师》2016年第12期撰文，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">文章结合《重庆市城乡公共服务设施规划标准》的编制工作，从民生需求的视角分析了公益性服务设施规划标准编制</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">与实施面临的主要问题，以及当前相关民生需求发展的总体趋势；探讨了公益性公共服务设施规划标准体系的构建，设施配置</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">层级与管理单元的耦合方式等问题，并结合地方实际，补充和优化设施指标，探索了不同层级同类设施布局的原理，以及社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">综合服务中心的规划建设标准等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(42, 118, 162); float: right; margin-top: -6px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></section><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-top: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、公益性服务设施规划标准现状</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</p></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">国家和行业相关标准制定概况</p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">目前，在国家层面有两项综合性<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的公共服务设施规划标准：一项是《城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市公共设施规划规范》(GB 50442—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2008)，其主要侧重于对城市公共设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划用地综合(总)指标，以及行政办公、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商业金融、文化娱乐、体育、医疗卫生、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">教育科研设计和社会福利用地占中心城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区规划用地比例、人均规划用地指标等进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行规定，不涉及具体设施；另一项是《城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市居住区规划设计规范》(GB 50180—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">93)，其主要是对与城市居住区配套的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施—教育、医疗卫生、文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化体育、商业服务、金融邮电、社区服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务、市政公用和行政管理及其他8类设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施的用地、建筑面积标准和规划建设要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">点等进行了规定。而《标准》涉及的设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施既包括中小学等公益性设施，又包括</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电影院、银行、餐饮等营利性设施。近</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年来，国家还先后颁布了多项公共服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施规划、设计与建设的单项标准，如《综</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">合医院建设标准》( 建标 110—2008)、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">《中小学校设计规范》(GB 50099—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2011)、《公共图书馆建设标准》(建标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">108—2008)、《体育建筑设计规范》(JGJ </span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">31—2003)、《城镇老年人设施规划标准》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">(GB 50437—2007) 等，这些标准只针</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对某一类设施的设计和建设制定了规范，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">许多标准中都缺乏设施用地控制指标。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</p></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> 各地方相关标准制定概况</p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，全国许多城市都结合自身<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实际编制了公共服务设施规划的相关地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方标准，如北京(2002年)、上海(2006</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年 )、广州 (2005 年 )、天津 (2008 年 )</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和重庆(2005年)。这些地方标准大多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是针对与居住区或社区配套的公益性公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共服务设施进行规范，未覆盖农村地区，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">也未覆盖更高层面的市、区级公共服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></section><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-top: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公益性服务设施规划标准编制与</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施面临的主要问题</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）设施规划标准体系不健全</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">长期以来，国家层面缺乏覆盖城乡、<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">涵盖所有层级、系统全面的公益性公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施规划标准，许多设施标准分散</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在诸多单项国家行业标准之中，在规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和管理中使用与查询起来都较为困难。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">同时，一些单项设施的行业标准与综合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性标准在设施类型、名称、配置口径与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">指标等方面不完全一致，影响了城乡规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划对公益性公共服务设施空间的系统化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">优先保障，进而影响了政府提供公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务的质量、效率和水平。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二） 设施服务单元与行政管理单元脱节</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">目前，公共服务设施的规划一般是<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">根据《城市居住区规划设计规范》(GB </span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">50180—93)，按居住区、居住小区和居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">住组团三级分别配置公共服务设施。但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多数行业专项设施标准仅按服务人口规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">模分大型、中型、小型进行分级配置，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分级口径与按居住区分级不同。此外，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这些标准服务范围的分级与行政管理单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">元层级脱节，形成了“两张皮”，导致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划设施在实施和运行管理中缺乏明确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的责任主体与行政力量的推动。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">部分设施标准缺失、标准偏低、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施名称不统一</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)一些重要设施的规划用地标准缺<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">失。目前在宏观层面，《城市公共设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划规范》(GB　50442—2008) 仅适用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">于设市城市的总体规划及分区规划中对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施用地及其分类构成比例、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人均用地的控制。在微观层面，《城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居住区规划设计规范》(GB　50180—93)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">仅对与居住区配套的服务设施制定了相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">关标准，存在设施类型不全、名称与专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业标准不一致、指标区间值幅度过大、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">配置标准与特定服务人群的对应性不足、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公益性与商业性设施不分等问题。一些</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重要的民生保障服务设施的用地(如公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共卫生设施用地，涉及妇幼保健院、精</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">神专科医院、疾病预防控制中心、卫生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">监督所、血库和急救中心等)尚未被纳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">入标准，还缺乏城市基层社区级公益性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施集中布局建设的规划配置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">标准。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)一些设施的规划配置标准亟待优<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化提升。随着人口结构的逐步老化，养</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老设施特别是社区级养老设施指标偏低，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施用地严重不足的矛盾突出，在老龄</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口集中的旧城区，需求缺口更大。据</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">统计，2014年重庆主城区5.4万人才拥</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有一个社区日间照料中心，服务半径过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大，数量严重不足。基础教育设施的标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">准也应结合不同地区的人口出生率，按</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">照适龄学生人数进行优化配置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)公共服务设施名称较为混乱。<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不同行业、不同地区对同一层级、相同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">职能的公共服务设施均有不同的习惯性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">叫法，如养老院就另外有“社会福利中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">心”“敬老院”“光荣院”“康复托老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">院”“幸福院”“护养院”“怡养院”“老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年养生会所”“康寿中心”等约 20种名</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">称，对在规划中进行配置造成了困扰，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">亟待根据各设施的职能和等级，加以统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一规范。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（四） <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的均衡化布局缺乏系统的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">原理指导</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">无论是国家行业技术标准还是地方<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划标准，对单项设施的布局均有明确</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的要求，主要是按照等级和服务人口进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行均衡化布局，但对同类不同等级的公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">益性服务设施的布局尚未形成相关原理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">来指导规划实践。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（五） <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施指标计算的规则不明晰、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">取值幅度过大</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">公益性服务设施的配置受到类型、<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">层级、服务人口规模和服务半径等多重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">因素的影响，其规划配置指标的计算内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容复杂、工作量较大，容易出错。在实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">际操作中，由于现行标准的指标取值幅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">度过大，计算规则不够明晰，导致对标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">准的理解极易产生歧义，影响公共服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施规划配置的质量。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></section><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-top: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与公益性服务设施相关的民生</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">需求发展趋势</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)在经济社会发展层面，民生需求<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">得到政府和社会的日益重视。以重庆市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为例，以2014年为拐点，重庆市三次</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业比重经历了从“二三一”到“三二一”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的转变，服务业成长为经济支柱产业。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在建设统筹城乡的国家中心城市的目标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下，城市在公共服务供给中扮演愈来愈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重要的角色，对资源配置的质量和水平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的要求越来越高。“先生产、后生活”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的传统思维遭到摒弃，“城市让人们的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生活更美好成为主旋律”，而城市公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施作为社会性基础设施，与生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施和市政基础设施共同成为城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生存与发展的基础，并得到政府和社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的日益重视。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">当前，在我国拉动经济增长的“三<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">驾马车”中，投资和出口动力不足，消</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">费的潜力尚未得到充分激发，使得进入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">新常态的中国经济面临着巨大的下行压</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">力。消费对经济增长的贡献虽然已经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">超过50%，但与美国等发达国家超过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">70%的贡献率相比还有很大的上升空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间。2015年以来，国家和各省市先后出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">台了相关政策文件，提出要深度开发人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民群众从衣食住行到身心健康、从出生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到终老各个阶段、各个环节的生活性服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务，这为公益性公共服务设施的发展带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">来了巨大的机遇。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)在人的需求层面，民生需求正在<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不断发生变化。随着人口结构的变化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口老龄化时代的来临，人们对公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务设施的需求重点正在发生巨大变化。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2014年全国60岁以上的老年人口占总</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口的比例已达15.5%。受人口结构老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">龄化的影响，社会对幼儿园、中小学校、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老年人设施和医疗康复设施等的需求也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在发生相应变化，对老年人设施的需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">显著增长。此外，我国幅员辽阔，不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区域之间、城乡之间在人口出生率、死</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">亡率、设施建设水平、发展条件和生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">习惯上呈现出较大差异，对设施标准影</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">响较大。特别是在重庆这样的山地城市，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地紧张，老城区用地矛盾突出，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这都要求因地制宜、与时俱进，制定和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">完善提升相关标准，明晰保障要求，提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">高设施的水平与运行的效率。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)在基层社区公共服务层面，民生<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">需求被纳入保障性目标。党的“十八大”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">将“基本公共服务的均等化总体实现”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作为“十三五”期间全面建成小康社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的重要目标任务。《重庆市国民经济和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》明确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">提出要提升城市品质，规划建设城市“10</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分钟社区生活服务圈”“20分钟街道公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共服务圈”。社区是城市居民获得基本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务的主要平台，与居民的日常生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">活质量密切相关。目前，随着居民闲暇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">时间的增多和对高生活品质的追求，对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社区公共服务需求的总量、质量、多样</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化程度呈现日益上升趋势。据调查，居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民诉求主要集中在增加社区文化、体育</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">休闲、儿童游乐、养老助残和日常医疗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">康复设施等方面，对生活型商业、治安、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">管理、维修和综合服务等设施的需求亦</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有显著增加，社区公共服务设施的规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设正日益得到社会的高度重视。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">随着城乡居民生活水平的提高、政<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府保障能力的提升，总体上公益性公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务的内涵和范围正逐步由单一、局部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">走向丰富与完整，进而向城乡全域、全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体市民、全生命周期的服务保障演进。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></section><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-top: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 71, 215);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">基于民生需求的公益性服务设施</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划标准探索</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">构建覆盖城乡、服务全生命周期</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的公益性民生设施规划标准体系</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">构建系统完善的城乡公共服务设施<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划标准体系是提高公共服务设施规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设水平的前提，标准体系的建设应遵</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">循以下原则：一是设施服务的地域范围</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖城乡全域；二是配置的类型要全面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">反映“学有所教、病有所医、老有所养、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">住有所居”等基本民生需求，覆盖人的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一生中各种重要的公共服务需要，有利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">于构建人生的全链条服务设施体系；三</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是设施配置的层级既应满足中高端的非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">日常性需求，又应有基层的日常性需求；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">四是设施配置的重点是由政府保障的公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">益性设施，具体配置标准应体现公平性、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">均等性；五是设施配置的指标应与当地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的服务需求相匹配，体现地域的人口结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">构特征、供给现状和传统生活习惯等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规律。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">按照上述原则，《标准》首先根据<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">功能基本性、消费基础性、配置均衡性、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府保障性和服务永续性等设施特征对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公益性设施与市场化设施进行甄别，梳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">理落实相关的国家标准，结合城乡规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">优先保障公共利益的本质要求，提出了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖城乡，涵盖基础教育、公共医疗卫生、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共文化、公共体育、社会福利、街道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及社区其他基本公共服务设施等六大类、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">四层级公益性公共服务设施的规划标准</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体系(表1)，共涉及具体配置指标196项。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.5875" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjz8QlaiaNtAD5biaCTKHibTzkrcznHOXQ56f37tBc0DFPtmZnZqoIjzL4S76oXcFibAZwO6ibwvMU8PzA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">耦合管理与规划单元空间，推动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民生设施规划与实施管理的衔接</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">现行的国家标准和相关地方标准，<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">均按照一定的服务人口规模来分级配置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共设施，这种配置方式既有利于大型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的规模化利用，又方便小型设施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">日常使用，有利于提高设施利用效率。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">但现实中，对许多设施需求的弹性较大，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">往往一个行政单元只需配置一处。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">笔者认为公共服务设施分级除了考虑服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务人口规模，还应兼顾行政管辖层级，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这既有利于设施的公平配置，又有利于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">依靠行政力量推动设施的规划实施和运</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行管理。因此，《标准》将区(县)级设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施服务范围与区县政府层级相对应，居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">住区级设施服务范围与镇(乡、街道)政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府层级相对应，居住小区级设施服务范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">围与居委会层级相对应，居住组团级设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施服务范围与业委会和村委会层级相对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">应，并鼓励设施相对集中布局，形成相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">应层级的服务中心。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从长远看，行政管理区划单元和规<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划单元的空间整合，有利于按照行政范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">围实施相对公平的公共服务设施配置和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">管理，进一步提高城市公共服务的均等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化水平和资源配置效率，推动社会治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方式的转型与现代化。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">结合地方实际，补充民生设施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类型，完善设施控制指标</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">《标准》的编制以“六普”数据为<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">依托，对重庆市人口结构变化和人口空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间分布规律进行了研究。根据《重庆人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">口变动趋势预测研究 (2011—2050)》，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2025年前后，老龄化率大约在25%，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会负担系数将超过50%，老年人口数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">量达到860万，老年人口的增长将超过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">幼儿的增长(图1，图2)。为使公共设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施标准适应重庆人口年龄结构变化的趋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">势，《标准》结合不同生命阶段对公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施需求的变化，增补了老年人服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务设施类型，制定了相应的配置标准。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">鉴于老年人设施机构名称较为混乱、建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设标准各不相同的现状，本文将同一类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">职能的设施按照国家标准名称归类，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以全托为主的区县社会福利中心、镇街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">敬老院、社区养老服务中心和福利院等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">按照标准中养老院的标准设置。以日托</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为主的社区养老服务站、托老所按照《标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">准》中日间照料中心的标准设置。根据</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">出生率在重庆市域的变化规律，结合少</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">数民族地区的特殊性，按渝东北、渝东</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">南、大都市区三个地域板块对中小学千</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人指标进行了差异化配置，对文教卫体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和社会福利设施配置标准进行分区指导。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对部分缺乏国家标准、行业标准的设施，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">或经评估执行国家或行业标准有相当难</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">度的设施，或实施现状已高于国家或行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业标准的设施，提出符合重庆实际的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划配置标准值—首次提出了公共卫生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施用地应按照50～65平方米/</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">千人控制，宜占医疗卫生用地的10%～</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">20%；区(县)级青少年活动中心每处</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">应大于1万平方米的规划标准；在社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">级服务设施集中建设时，服务设施用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的规划配置标准应不低于500平方米/</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">千人等3项指标，使设施配置的数量与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">水平更精准地与人群需求相匹配。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="1.1428571428571428" data-w="357" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjz8QlaiaNtAD5biaCTKHibTzkWxg0Ps3Y6RsRfF5tADp4ldlxNoxdoUbbKn1nBbJxcX88yAbv6tLx0g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="1.1348314606741574" data-w="356" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjz8QlaiaNtAD5biaCTKHibTzklluHFNnLib9ffJ65M6YUcRmk51FHZZ10HR2WDicoHXYn6olHgmaV3F2A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（四）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">探索不同层级同类设施均衡配</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">置原理与模式</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">按照服务均衡化的原则，结合各类<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的服务需求特征，探索提出了不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">层级同类设施规划布局的3种模式，即</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">无差别空间全覆盖模式、分层全覆盖模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">式和分层互补全覆盖模式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)无差别空间全覆盖模式。基于公<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共服务全覆盖和公共服务无重叠原则，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">义务教育设施如小学、初中是完全按照</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务人口和服务半径进行配置的公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务设施，按照国家相关规划，应为每一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个适龄学生提供一个学位，小学、初中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的入学率均要求达到100%，无分层设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">置要求。因此，本文要求按照无差别空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间全覆盖模式来规划布局义务教育等设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施，制定相关配置标准。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)分层全覆盖模式。对某些类型的<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施而言，其各层级设施的服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务职能界定较为明确，如医疗卫生设施。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">按照国家正在推动的基层首诊、双向转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">诊、急慢分治、上下联动的分级诊疗模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">综合医院、社区卫生服务中心、社区卫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生服务站三级医疗卫生机构均承担不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的服务职能。因此，本文要求按照分层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间全覆盖模式来布局这些设施，实现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">医疗卫生资源的均衡配置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)分层互补全覆盖模式。公共服务<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的层级性来源于人们需求的层次性，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一些需求难以截然分开，在需求、功能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分层归类时有重叠现象，如文化、体育</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和养老等需求。从国内外相关规划建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">经验和发展趋势看，对文化、体育和养</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老类公共服务设施，均鼓励和提倡向邻</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">近的社区提供相应的服务，即上层级的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施兼容下层级同类设施的功能。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">《标准》提出在布局这类设施时，应注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">意空间分布的均衡性，避免不同层级同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类设施相邻布局，这有利于发挥高层级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的服务余量，减少资源的闲置浪费，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">提高资源利用效率。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（五）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">引导基层民生设施集中布局，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划社区综合服务中心</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">根据相关专项规划，重庆主城区未<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">来将形成1373个城市社区。科学规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社区服务设施是促进公共服务向基层延</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">伸，实现基本公共服务均等化的基础，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">也是完善基层社会治理体系和提升治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能力的需要。引导社区级公共服务设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集中布局，有利于整合基层公共设施和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间资源，建立功能综合的基层公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务中心体系，为老百姓提供集文化、体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">育、卫生、安全与养老服务等多种功能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">于一体、方便齐全的“一站式”公共服务。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">因此，《标准》结合重庆实际，提出了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">引导社区级服务设施相对集中布局的原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">则和用地标准。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">就节省居民获得日常公益性公共服<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务的时间成本而言，规划建设社区综合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">服务中心，有利于构建社区基本生活服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务圈，形成步行可达的城市“小、微”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中心，提高居民生活品质，降低居民前</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">往城市中心的长距离出行和机动车出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">频率，提高城市的运行效率。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(33, 71, 215); color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（六）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">开展标准应用模块及手机应用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">软件的研制，推动《标准》普及应用</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">为了便于《标准》的学习推广和应<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">用，规范《标准》的计算规则，避免使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">用过程中的个体差异，结合具体规划项</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">目，本研究研制了50万人口的城市(地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区)总体规划、5万人口城市的控规、2.5</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">万人的小城镇以及村(庄)规划对《标准》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的应用模块。同时，为使机械化的计算</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工作规范化，减少重复劳动，保证计算</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的准确性，本研究开发了“重庆市城乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划服务设施规划标准”手机APP应用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">程序软件，并已在百度“应用宝”中供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">全社会免费下载使用。软件集成了各类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">各层级的公共服务设施配置的运算公式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">提供了与不同人口规模对应的设施标准</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的快速查询、案例借鉴和规划模拟等功</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能，极大地方便了规划设计人员使用和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">查询，节省了成本，提高了工作效率。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 3px solid rgb(33, 71, 215); padding: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px dashed rgb(128, 128, 128); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 71, 215); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2016年12期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民生视角下的重庆市公益性服务设施</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划标准研究</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img class="" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YGXQ6RJaRyl0wpJW0CdUNXCWUFJqWF7FCdLrXSYOJu8dAB7iay2AurHH0uzBuoBBKrUJ1D7y6icEavAOKrZYqVbg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width: 100%; 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