国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2016年12月5日下午，由上海同济城市规划设计研究院-同济大学社会学系·城市与社会研究中心和联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心（上海）共同主办的“遗产社区更新实践”系列沙龙在同济大学正式拉开序幕。第一期主题为“遗产社区保护更新中的社会活力”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">本期活动由兼任两个中心主任的周俭教授主持，</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170); max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分为案例介绍和嘉宾对话两个环节。首先，“乡愁经济</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170); max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">学堂</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170); max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”秘书长、台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所博士刘昭吟女士以“遗产社区培力中的规划者”为题，分享了“乡愁经济学堂”在浙江奉化展开的社区培力实验；Airbnb中国区公共政策经理乌岚娜女士以“Airbnb：重启城市与社区发现之旅”为题，介绍了Airbnb在全球开展的民宿运营及其与社区、遗产等的关系。在嘉宾对话环节，上海华夏文化创意研究中心副理事长兼秘书长郑荣发先生、上海交通大学建筑学系王林教授、同济大学建筑与城市规划学院张松教授、“乡愁经济”媒体社社长林德福博士、上海徐汇区住房保障和房屋管理局历史保护办公室周俊慈先生等几位来自各界的嘉宾与两位案例介绍嘉宾，以及现场的观众们展开了极其热烈的讨论、碰撞出诸多绚丽的思想火花。</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 668px; text-align: right; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 50px; height: 4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(250, 137, 26); font-size: 20.8px; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【壹】</strong><br  /></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.8; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.6; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); text-align: center; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">遗产社区培力中的规划者</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（刘昭吟）</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 16, 17); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6671875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/uiaBe8emc4xZ65vJ4c2bo2ialHwCxxpEXeRStr8EUHxMgyibCuOQVFPm8kOO3PNurric76j4F4nNTP6tVR7ibx7sJyA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">奉</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">化实验</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">——</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">奉化区乡愁经济选人选点实验计划</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">今年我们在奉化进行了一项实验性计划，其核心意义为<strong>“社区培力”</strong>（empowering the local）<strong>，目的是找出有智慧的在地力量，让基层更有能力把乡村发展好</strong>。其中，专业者的价值不在于展现自身很厉害，而是专业者要让社区变得很厉害。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><iframe class="video_iframe" data-vidtype="1" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="417" width="556" scrolling="no" src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/preview.html?vid=f0188jyilwq&width=500&height=375&auto=0"></iframe><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乡愁经济创客+计划</span>（视频由“乡愁经济学堂”提供）</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“奉化实验”的目的是通过一个“自下而上”的过程，让有想法、有积极性的人群浮现出来，使政府的美丽乡村政策向其倾斜。为了选点，便须培训，否则你不知道按什么原则来选。整个过程是“培训－提案－竞赛－选点”，选出来的试点村将落实参与式规划和社区营造，因此培训的目的在于引导学员认识社区营造、公众参与，以及使学员形成“三合一团队”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p>“三合一团队”是把村庄工作中最重要的三类人——<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">村干部、规划师和创客</strong>——予以团队化。1、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">村干部</strong>有为村民谋福利的愿望，有发动群众的能?；他们善于向政府要项目，但是要项目的方式是分散的，没有构建出整体目标，较缺乏远见和视野。2、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">规划师</strong>较关?公共利益，较有潜力张开格局、拔高?度；但容易行礼如仪、不接地气。3、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">创客</strong>主要是为了自身创业，目标清晰、有执行力、对市场较敏锐；但容易只关心自己，和村庄产生博弈关系。做一个村庄，这三者若不能一起工作，那就遑论公众参与。他们能够在一起的前提是找出公共性和共识，这样才能让整个村庄的发展有前景。</section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">改变与进步</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管至今“奉化实验”试点村选拔还没完成，这八个月走下来，已经看到有意思的改变和进步。<span style="line-height: 1.6;">例如，城中村，无论政府、规划界或城中村干部自身，都不认为城中村与美丽乡村有任何啥关系。然而，有位城中村书记因缘际会地来上课后，他反问自己：“为什么我城中村就不能更美丽呢？就算明天要拆迁，难道今天我不应该过得更有尊严吗？”他是我们最积极的学员之一。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">有个因花木产业致富的村庄，村书记同我们说，“现在想想，村子里的道路建设，水泥用得太多了。”</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">有个历史文化名村，村书记自家的改造应是村里最体面的宅子了，他说：“我知道这房子修的有问题，但是说不出来哪里不对。如果现在修，肯定不能这样修，那时候完全不知道生态营造，审美观念也不对……”</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">有个村子修建水利设施，本来要砍掉四棵大树，联村干部在培训后，感到留住记忆是非常有必要的，在力所能及的范围内采取行动，最终保留了这四棵大树。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">规划者也有了思想上的转变。规划者谈到：1、规划方案往往一上来就做得很完备，包括经费估算，但这是个有共识的方案吗？规划者指哪儿，创客就打哪儿吗？创客愿意投多少，政府投多少都还不知道，那么完整方案的意义何在？2、在社造当中，绝不能把方案套到现实中，一定要去发现新的可能性；3、完全自上而下的地方特色挖掘的成果是非常有限的，村民普遍处于无意识状态，需要规划者起到桥梁、引导的作用；4、社造不是一个宏大的规划，而是一个行动计划；不是产业规划，而是公共空间的营造。一定要抓住“公共空间”的概念，若过多地附着在旅游产业上，就会走偏。规划者要从细微的地方入手，要首先学会倾听，去感知村民日常生活的美感，挖掘他们的记忆、历史。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">还有一个村庄的一个空间元素非常有趣——粪坑。这个村子有个公厕里有二十几个粪坑分属二十几个家庭的水肥，这时候我们就发现，规划者是有专业偏见的——在城市里，粪坑是私密空间；但在这个村子，粪坑是公共空间。那么我们要怎样提高粪坑品质，但仍保留它的公共空间性质，就会是很有趣的专业挑战。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">变化是怎么产生的</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这些变化是怎么产生的？这就回到一个问题：<strong>社区培力，培什么力？知识吗？我们认为，比知识更重要的是能力。</strong><strong>但能力要如何培养？责任。</strong><strong>你必须把“责任”放回到这个社区，才能让他产生能力。</strong>所以我们设计让参赛团队承担责任的种种环节，使其有努力、有担当才有所得。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我们的第二个发明是“一贯制的专家评审团”。一般规划方案的专家评审是临时抽签找专家，我们的专家评审团是固定人员的，他们必须跟进每个过程，给每一支团队提问题和点拨，而与参赛团队产生教学相长的彼此的承诺感。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第三是言而有信的政府。奉化区政府一上来就公开承诺试点村有实施经费倾斜，竞赛中有保底费和奖励，这在过程中一一付诸实现，并展现出信息公开、制度公平。这很好的激励了村干部拿掉跟政府诉说困难的“等靠要”习性，而将注意力放在行动计划上。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第四，这是个竞赛过程，但我们更希望它是一个互相学习的竞赛。我们从都不采取封闭评比，而是全开放信息共享，并且鼓励团队彼此互评、分享资源。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第五，我们尽可能创造竞赛团队需要彼此帮助的机会。比如会议场次的顺序、地点的选择，尽量让他们彼此去协调、去互助，而不是由我们来包办。我们不是层级中心，而是一个平等网络的节点。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第六，我们组织志工群，有帮忙打杂的、记者的、拍摄的。我们尽量促进志工彼此学习，而不是把我们的认可作为目标，这样他们才能是我们真正为奉化播下去的种子。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">最近有个惊喜。有个学规划的学员在群里问奉化有没有成功的美丽乡村案例，一位完全不是规划专业的返乡青年回复：你先去看《古川町物语》。我很吃惊的发现，我们的学员变得不急于求成了，他们开始追问本质问题，并且产生可以互相鼓励、沉下心的一种状态。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社区培力中的规划者</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">今天我的题目《社区培力中的规划者》，但是我唠唠叨叨讲的都不是规划者。我想强调的是，规划者不是孤立存在的，是与我唠唠叨叨说的这么一群人在一起时，才有其自身的社会角色。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当规划从增量到存量时，规划便从物质空间到社会空间，规划者从专家型到参与者。这时候<strong>我们面对各种不同人群的需求，重要的是学习对话的态度，寻求共识的方法。</strong>我们的规划，是为社区而做？与社区一起做？还是由社区来做？我们希望，最后社区有更多的能力，能够由社区来做——而这过程中规划者的能力也增长了，而同社区一起来做。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与此同时，<strong>规划者从专业能力的表现者，转变成村庄发展的陪伴者。</strong><strong>当你作为陪伴者，你必须相信村庄有它自己的能力，而这个能力，需要你去把它挖掘出来，引导其长大。</strong>我们希望规划者有更多的成就他人的心态。在知识面上，规划者从空间规划专家到专业咨询者多面手，社会、经济、人口、文化、空间，你都躲不过，你不再能说你只管空间不管其他。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在“奉化实验”中，我们坚持了时间和过程。政府难免希望我们最好三个月见成效，感谢奉化区政府给我们这样一个机会：已经八个月了，还没选出试点；即使下个月选出试点，也还没成果可展示。如果“人”没有先改变，物质空间会改变吗?有足够长的时间、足够啰嗦的步骤跟过程，才会让有心人出现，才能提前消化矛盾，团建才能出效果。到底什么是成功？今天我们看到村庄一步一步变化、一步一步累积，是不是也是成功，而且是可持续的成功？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我们总结，<strong>在机制上，社区营造要有三个组合基因：一是有“鸡婆”精神、愿意培力社区的专业者或组织，二是有愿意协助与赋权社区的政府，三是要有公共意识与参与精神的社区住民或社群。</strong>启动一个实验性计划，做一年就完成了吗？我们的建议是“三年两轮五阶段”。通常第一年，大家是半信半疑的，都在观望。现在有些村干部问组织部，“我们没参加，因为我们以为政府是说说而已，现在看着像是真的了，什么时候办新一轮培训和比赛给我们参加？”所以，我们需要政府说话算话、坚持下去，从第二年开始跟随者加入进来，才可能产生可持续性。另外，做了两轮之后要有一个成果展和研讨会，要检讨哪里做得不对，才能够产生深刻的思路，才能启动制度自我更新的可持续性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><strong style="color: rgb(250, 137, 26); font-size: 20.8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【<strong style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); font-size: 20.8px; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">贰</strong>】</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.8; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.6; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); text-align: center; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Airbnb：重启城市与社区发现之旅（乌岚娜）</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6671875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/uiaBe8emc4xZ65vJ4c2bo2ialHwCxxpEXeXib34qHwibTvnVzJqWGHtbOW0VzYZqeMXPQOHibSB1kdbUST3FQhx0kNA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我今天的演讲围绕‘Airbnb如何重启城市与社区发现之旅’分为三部分，第一部分介绍Airbnb运营模式，第二部分是介绍Airbnb致力于社区重建及振兴的6个案例，最后一部分回到中国，聊一下Airbnb在中国的发展情况。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Airbnb的运营模式</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">成立于2008年，Airbnb是一家以创新为驱动力社区型市场，在这里旅行者可以通过网站、手机或平板电脑发掘和预订世界各地的独特房源，并享受到’以人人交流为核心，以城市发现为主题’新型旅游服务。自成立以来，Airbnb独一无二的体验式旅行验受到了千禧一代的热烈追捧。 到2025年，“千禧一代”将占旅行者的75％，“千禧一代”认为了解一个地方最好的方式就是像当地人那样生活，而非走马观花式的旅游体验，这也是Airbnb所倡导的旅游体验。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如大家所知，Airbnb的三位创始人都是纯正的80后，而公司文化，愿景以及模式与三位创始人的阅历与远见有很直接的关系，即把世界迎进社区，带旅人体验家在四方的真正意义。公司于2016年11月宣布了<strong>全球战略转型， 转型后的业务延伸为三个领域，包括房源 （home）、体验 （Experiences）及攻略（Place）</strong>。在原有房源业务的基础上，<strong>新增的体验和攻略两个板块分别代表着Airbnb 从人文和城市两个角度对深度旅游的挖掘</strong>。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第一， 就房源业务而言， Airbnb已在全球191个国家及地区开展了业务， 在线房源超过了300万间。其运营模式非常简洁且鼓励人际互动：首先，旅客直接联系房东并发送预订信息，由房东决定是否接受该预定并回复房客；其次，当订单确认后，旅客支付费用，而Airbnb会在旅客入住24小时之内将费付给房东；最后，旅程结束后，旅客与房东双向评价彼此。在安全管控方面，房东与房客在交易前都要进行三道真实身份验证模式，以保证双方的权益；在客户服务方面，Airbnb提供了24小时中英双语热线服务，即时解决客户问题；在处理纠纷方面，Airbnb客服及本地团队会协同处理，包括涉及第三方责任的事件。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二， 体验则是由当地的体验达人所提供的特色旅游项目，包括体验当地的文化如学习手工制作工艺，亦或体验特色游玩项目等使旅客更深入地了解当地社区，包括沉浸式几天multi-day experience 和只有几小时的single-day experiences涉及领域包括运动、户外、社会影响、美食和艺术等方向。体验将在全球14个城市推出，其中包括中国上海。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第三， 攻略则鼓励本地旅游达人通过Airbnb共享本地旅游攻略，把最地道，最好玩，最正宗的美食、酒吧，音乐会，以及城市生活服务分享给旅行者，为来自于全世界的旅人展示自己的城市、重新发现社区之美。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">综上所述， <strong>Airbnb的运营模式体现的是以人为本， 以家为本；其核心是鼓励人跟人的交流；Airbnb推动了旅游体验社区化，引领旅游资源均衡化并推动社区旅游振兴，通过发现城市之美来重构旅游体验</strong>。</p><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">六个案例：Airbnb与城市 & Airbnb与社区 </strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Airbnb与城市：如何通过旅游体验推动社区振兴及重燃城市发现？</span></strong><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例一：Airbnb与古巴</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2015年7月古巴与美国建交以后，旅游者大规模涌入对当地旅游业造成了冲击。据统计，入境古巴的美国旅行者增加了77%。而Airbnb房东房源则对旅游市场形成了有力的补充，有超过13000名来自美国的旅行者选择入住Airbnb房东家，其中35%出于教育原因到访古巴。Airbnb既解决了高峰住宿问题，提高了社区居民收入，同时也为旅行者融入了解文化提供了新的途径。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例二 Airbnb与里约奥运会</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在2016年，Airbnb与里约奥运会合作为来自于全球8万5千名旅客提供了短期住宿，有效地减少了奥运会期间的城市运营负担。Airbnb为里约当地房东创造了约3000万美元（近2亿?民币）收?， 为里约当地经济贡献了1亿美元（约6.6亿人民币）。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例三 Airbnb与巴黎危机</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在2015年巴黎恐怖袭击期间， 巴黎市民自发组织了“open the door”活动， Airbnb的300位房东为在危机中为需要帮助的市民和游客提供了临时住所。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.53125" data-w="640" class="" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/uiaBe8emc4xYATFSq1UkHneCDmSruI770WiccGic4jE2EK90wibicq5ja8q7TIibiaGarUKRicGBw9yibfEqzxBkeedPVIA/0?" style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; height: 340px !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 640px !important;"  /></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例四 <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25.6px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> Airbnb</strong>与法国：最美古宅评选</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在2016年，Airbnb在法国推出了‘最美古宅’评选，以提高公众的历史遗迹认知，并积极推动边远地区古宅参与以及展示古宅之美。这一行动计划受益于法国前外长让-马克·埃罗的’重启法国旅游’，有助于区域旅游的长期均衡发展，让更过优质区域的旅游资源，以及历史遗迹得到更好的利用和参观。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.0837696335078535" data-w="382" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/uiaBe8emc4xZ65vJ4c2bo2ialHwCxxpEXevPmgMXia2nSZ0KAncCic7su3QcoeFQibn8Lg0tHsPwtkOKegrgpGeGHDA/0?" style="height: 414px !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 382px !important;"  /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例五  <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25.6px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> Airbnb</strong>与美国：古宅体验之旅</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">很多历史古宅被时间所遗忘。Airbnb在美国与当地非营利机构，学会以及机构联手将具有历史意义的古宅向游客开放。通过让更多的年轻人去住、去了解和欣赏古宅，进而呼唤公众对古宅及其承载历史认知，并对古宅进一步修缮和维护添加积极的作用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">案例六 Airbnb与韩国：走入乡村之旅</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">韩国旅游业非常发达，然而游客过于集中如首尔或者济州岛，导致许多乡村旅游资源并没有得到很好的发掘。Airbnb与韩国郡政府旅游促进机构合作绘制了韩国乡村旅游地图，鼓励和引导Airbnb游客更多的走向韩国乡村，体验独特的住宿以及文化体验。</p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.7087576374745418" data-w="491" class="" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/uiaBe8emc4xYATFSq1UkHneCDmSruI770I09dPWvLNlc2sENtndkfHmQ1UibLlBKw7jaLhBtVHRAtyVNXzdES52A/0?" style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; height: 348px !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 491px !important;"  /></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Airbnb与中国</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">于2016年成立了Airbnb中国公司，宣布正式进入中国大陆市场，现单量高的城市为上海和北京，中国区业务从年增长率为500%。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">什么样的人在使用Airbnb服务？ 我们做了一个中国客户的素描：平均年纪30岁左右、即千禧一代，经调研，56%的中国用户旅行时更愿意在当地社区、而不是热门景点附近居住；75%的中国用户喜欢?由?、而不是传统的跟团游；94%的中国用户表示选择Airbnb的主要原因是有机会?住各式各样的社区，进行体验式旅游。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><strong style="color: rgb(250, 137, 26); font-size: 20.8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【叁】</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.8; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.6; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section><section style="margin-left: 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(250, 137, 26);"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(250, 137, 26); font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">嘉宾对话</strong></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对话案例一</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俭</strong></span>：我觉得到这个阶段为止，<strong>整个案例最大的特点是建立一种新型的关系——外部干预的这些人与乡村的人之间建立一种新型的社会关系、而不是业务关系。</strong><strong>达成共识是一个非常重要的一个阶段</strong>，我们在城市里改造社区，也应该考虑到这样的方式。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">郑荣发</strong></span>：我长期在基层工作，也参与了城市历史文化保护、做田子坊，我充分体会到在中国政府最强大。假如没有政府加入、给你们这次机会让你们尝试，你们能行吗？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：我觉得这一届政府是比较务实的，会直接面对我们现在遇到的难题、理性分析。而且我觉得浙东地方政府不一样，有时候跟他们开会，市委副书记不在，组织部、团市委和旅游局等等也可以跟我们一起讨论事情怎么解决。的确，没有他们，这件事很难推进。另外，我们自己比较积极主动、善于死缠烂打。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">林德福</strong></span>：刚才的这个问题其实回到了我的“三合一基因”。<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">关于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三合一基因</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，一是所谓的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鸡婆</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">傻子</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鸡婆</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">好管闲事，管自己不够，想管公共的事，这种激情不是每个人都有，但这种人不少。这也叫傻子。在转变的过程中，如果很容易转，大家早就跟风转了。</span><strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">转变的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">难</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">就难在不知道会不会成功，所以一定要有人先跳进去，这不就很傻嘛？所以既要有鸡婆精神又要傻，不然转变就无法启动。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这个人不一定是专业者，也可能是领导，也有可能是居民，差别只是不同角色有不同的社会位置。我总结就叫三合一基因，三个少一个，都会做不了。</span><strong><span style="line-height: 24px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">很多事情的发生常有历史的偶然，但也有历史必然，否则没到这个形势也点不着火。</span></strong><span style="line-height: 24px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我2008年就到内地常住，我当年讲社区营造，讲了两次就不讲了，因为那是个“大干快上”的年代，讲慢慢参与根本不可能。到了2013年，形势有所转变。到2014年，大家普遍意识到新常态需要转型，所以现在确实是时机大好。整个社会要转型，是一个整体的必然，而最后谁点了一把火，是一个偶然。政府比较喜欢锦上添花，很少雪中送炭，一旦点燃，政府追的能力就很迅速。所以需要一群鸡婆和傻子，先去干干，把事情酝酿到一定基础，再有人去点一把火。</span><span style="line-height: 24px;">我们刚进去时，没有人相信村干部有能力，认为他们素质和能力低，普通话也讲不清楚。我现在去宁波还是听不懂他们的话，但是可以有身体的体验，能知道他们在讨论哪个人，哪件事。有很多东西的理解来自于你进入这个东西的亲身体验感。所以，我们强调为什么设计这么长的过程，<strong>没有时间就不太容易进入</strong>。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">张松</strong></span>：台湾的民主社会、社区参与、社造比大陆做的早一些。我10年前在台湾看到的状况是过度的，在一条街上都有10个社团，相互之间利益冲突、效率低下。我们不应该从一个极端到另一个极端，或由一个方面来否定另一个方面。台湾关于社区参与的书很多，都买不过来，这可能也是一个极端，我们还需理智对待。现在大背景是整个农村的经济落后的状况，其物质环境、街区景观都是不错的，但是缺乏就业机会。你们要做什么？你<strong>要找到市场需求的业态</strong>。我相信浙东地区的文化渊源更深，但如果过度强调没有受教育者就是最有发言权的、不用脑子只有身体，可能是走了另一个极端。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：其实我们不是要在大陆复制台湾的经验。我觉得还是大陆整体环境需要这件事。尤其是习总书记上台后一直在推进基层民主化，整个环境都变得比较愿意尝试自下而上的可能性。今天我把主体放在规划者的身上，其实工作还是组织部主导的，我们提供的是专业的支持。在这个过程中，我们没有依照台湾的任何一本书，是按照本地的实际状况来推进的。我要强调的是，<strong>一个人对事物的认同不是脑子过了就行，需要身体有感觉的投入，是practice的结果，这不是一个极端化的讨论。</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6;">乡村应该如何发展？经济很重要。我们作为平台不应该提供方案，应该让他们自己挖掘。个体去做会很孤独，所以我们创造了一个团队，创造支持体系陪伴他们去找答案。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">林德福</strong></span>：农村在现代化过程中是弱势者，它的资源外流，依照原来的路径肯定难以起死回生。我们有个评判标准：<strong>外联内造，乡村一定要有对外联结的能力，同时有内部组织能力，才能有发展机会</strong>。我们另一句话是“<strong>留住人</strong>”。怎么创造发展机会呢？城市有人群的规模聚集而有专业分工，农村却是小而分散，所以农村需要走综合之路，自己农村的综合还不够，还要做农村联结。例如，这11支入围村，我们称为“社造家族”，希望他们变成集合体；资源不局限于自身，我们鼓励所有的行动一起来。11个村子的村书记，至少其中八、九个互相已经非常熟悉，很快就联络起来，自组村书记联盟。<strong>能做出什么不知道，但是我们在创造一个机会来改变结构上的劣势，来找到他们不一样的发展的路径。社造并不能解决所有的问题，但能尝试一些可能。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">王林</strong></span>：我很好奇“乡愁经济”是什么样的组织，通过什么样的形式来生存、运行的？我非常感动于你们积极的参与，你们让地方政府、专业人士和地方民众参与进来，让大家互相了解。其实政府想做好的事情，规划专业的人也想做好的事情，他们怀有自己很好的理想。但是<strong>规划人要思考方法的正确性</strong>。当地人的需要是什么？这种需要能否正确地反应到上面？如果能够激发当地的激情的话，可能这种动力就是永恒的。<strong>过程和时间是最大的力量，可以改变规划师对农村的理解，可以让村民理解领导和规划师的意图。</strong>我觉得<strong>乡村培力计划有价值的地方在于你们设定了程序让大家互相理解、共同成长</strong>。<span style="line-height: 1.6;">其实很多人想做正确的事，但可能没有好的方法。我希望社区培力组织在此实践，能够带领更多年轻人。一个问题给到刘老师，你们长此以往应当如何维系？另外，创客可以真正驻扎在乡村吗？有没有可能让村里人也变成创客？</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">我还想说一下刚才林老师提到的偶然和必然的问题。2003年，我收到一封由一百多个艺术家（陈逸飞、尔冬强他们牵头）写的反对田子坊拆迁的联名信，他们说要保护那里的石库门里弄。当时的卢湾区政府坚决反对。我写了一个报告，当中包括五点：第一，它提供了创意产业，应该保护；第二，希望保护公共服务空间，为社区服务；第三，石库门里弄是历史文化遗产，应该保护；第四，开发商有南北两块地，我们能否把这里的容积率全部转移到南边地块；第五，让时间决定田子坊的未来。可能我就是田子坊的偶然因素，<strong>很多的偶然因素都会变成必然，希望每个人都可以成为那个偶然因素</strong>。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：2012年，我们成立了Urbaneer都市工作群这家公司，以区域研究和区域策划为主。”乡愁经济”就是从Urbaneer都市工作群演变而来的。2013年，由于城市化的速度慢下来，我们比任何的规划院、设计院、建筑师都更早遇到经营上的困难。当时我们就觉得，我们要面临存量规划、要面临新常态，所以在习大大提了“乡愁”之后，我们就跟上来，与时俱进，提了“乡愁经济”。我们通过政府的项目委托获得服务费。<span style="line-height: 26px;">2015年很疯，好像创客就是农村唯一的希望。事实上，<strong>创客有3种</strong>。<strong>一种是投资人</strong>。出钱让别人做事，或者到农村去盘一个资产，跟开发商差不多。这一类创客要求资金回报率快，而且喜欢吃政府政策。这些人的博弈能力很强，跟他是否要做农村产品无关。<strong>第二种是想要告老还乡，可是在农村没有根基的人</strong>。浙江有很多山村，奉化就有八百多个自然村，政府无法做好所有自然村的公共设施，通过增减挂钩推出下山移民政策。下山移民之后，原来的宅基地在法律上就属于政府了，政府有意愿招募新乡贤进驻农村，期望开发商将这些地开发、出售，但是农村旧宅基地能不能交易，就涉及制度创新的问题。<strong>第三类是带着个人情怀返乡、下乡的人</strong>。其中返乡者有家乡优势，从自己家里开始、启动成本低，最容易成为好的经营者，但是他们也最需要帮助才能将生活重心转移到农村。入乡的经营者则类似创业者，常受制于资金的灵活度。我们觉得下乡、返乡的人跟农村是绑得比较紧的，可是政府一般把注意力放在投资者上，因为看起来他们的能力很强。通过我们这一年观察，我们认为，</span><strong style="line-height: 26px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第一种人要审慎对待</strong><span style="line-height: 26px;">，因为他们希望政府用比较便宜的地价给他们做土地流转；</span><strong style="line-height: 26px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二种人需要制度创新；第三种人要多加扶持。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">观众</strong></span>：你们现在接触的从组织部到旅游局、农业局，基本上是乡村经济产业发展条线。你们有没有与民政合作？如果能够早期和他们达成共识，是不是能在后期乡村内部发展需求产生的时候在民政这个条线上达到比较顺畅的机制？另外，三合一机制中，本地住民的比重是多少？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：我们要求三合一团队做群众的参与式规划，他们也做了一些，例如发动打扫，做问卷调查。但是每个团队情况不同，有些开始做了，有些还不知道怎么做。我们认为可能在选出试点村后还要进行整体性的学习和培训。因为奉化是第一个尝试，我们从今年的经验发现前期的摸排要做更多，比如卫生站、消防局可能都很重要，所以我们会继续优化工作。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俊慈</strong></span>：专家学者所提的很多理论很有道理，但是某些时候和政府的政绩观有矛盾。政绩观决定了我们是每年要出成绩的。像您这里，政府可能要求您两三年之内要出一批项目；但从学者角度来说，有些东西肯定是要慢慢来、要循序渐进的，随着基层和社区的改变来慢慢解决这些问题。您在做这个项目的过程中和政府有没有这方面的矛盾，您怎么处理？还有与社区居民之间的矛盾，您是怎么处理的？您刚提到两个词我特别有感触，<strong>“对话”、“共识”——我们已经做了很多沟通，但是难以达成共识。怎么让政府、学者、居民之间形成共识？这不仅是政府和居民之间的博弈，居民之间也观点迥异、需求各异。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：我们原始的做法是先做一个方案再问村民喜不喜欢，但是遇到阻力。现在的做法是，先调查村民是否觉得社区有问题，如果他们觉得没有问题，我们就不碰这个社区了。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">林德福</strong></span>：<strong>选择和他们沟通会发觉，即使最后结果都一样，但过程不同他们的态度就不同。</strong>我举一个例子，假如我们有6个人，而只有3个车位，只能规定轮流停车，但是规定的他们不容易接受——就让他们自己吵，最后的方案也只能是轮流停车这一个解决方法，但是经过他们之间的冲突他们就能接受。刚刚讲了<strong>学习对话、寻找共识，但是有一个过程，要换位思考。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">郑荣发</strong></span>：你的想法很对，并且实践经验都是成功的，但是我们的“基本文化”就是“不能让你过得比我好”。举个简单例子，以前我们建设了大量没有电梯的6层楼房，现在住在那里的都是老年人。关于是否要增设电梯，政府采用民主方式，要一致同意，结果各层楼的住户意见不一：二楼说“我自己能爬上去”，一楼说“我从来不用的——你们装了电梯妨碍我了，你要给我五万块钱，否则不让你们装”。有许多事情的解决需要时间，时间才是真的有力量——恐怕不是教育能够解决的，而要这一代人成为过去才能解决。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">张松</strong></span>：这是自然的进化论。<strong>民主是有个过程的，在这个过程中应该立法，没有立法大家就没有意识规则。我们不排斥各种探索，但是需要有制度支持。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(16, 195, 117); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对话案例二</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俭</strong></span>：Airbnb是一种新的模式。很多人到了一个城市，希望能够了解当地的社区、当地的社会、参与当地的生活。你们公司除了管理信息还管理什么？你们在中国碰到的最大的问题是什么？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乌岚娜</strong></span>：<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 安全是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Airbnb</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">最为关注的问题。在安全管控方面，房东与房客在交易前都要进行三道真实身份验证模式，以保证双方的权益；在客户服务方面，Airbnb提供了24小时中英双语热线服务，即时解决客户问题；在处理纠纷方面，Airbnb客服及本地团队会协同处理，包括涉及第三方责任的事件。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">就现在面临的最大问题而言， 我认为是我们需要更多的时间，一方面去培育市场，培养用户，以及因地制宜地不断完善自身体系；另一方面，随着越来越多分享经济企业的涌现，就法规方面的共性问题也需要更多的时间与监管者进行磨合和沟通，以求找到适应中国监管要求，但具有创新意义的成熟可落地的解决方案。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">郑荣发</strong></span>：你们推动社区的建设，是别人把现成的符合你们标准的房子交给你们，还是你们来帮他们装修？你们在上海推广的时候，有没有遇到什么麻烦？因为作为民宿出租就变为特殊行业管理的范围之内，公安局为了社会治安可以来叫停。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乌岚娜</strong></span>：<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在安全管控方面，房东与房客在交易前都要进行三道真实身份验证模式，以保证双方的权益。在业务发生前，Airbnb专业团队会给房东一系列培训以及指导，包括如何保证服务质量，屋里照片拍摄，乃至房屋设置核实等。事实证明实名认证具有制约意义，因此我们暂时还没有遇到涉及社会治安的事件。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">商业住宅不涉及‘房屋性质’的问题。对于民宅，我们正在和有关部门积极的沟通中。现北京上海正在推出关于民宿管理的法规方法，我们也希望其中可以给短租一个诠释。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">王林</strong></span>：我觉得00后、90后的力量是非常强的，我希望年轻人喜欢中国的历史遗产保护，所以社区的力量特别重要。其实遗产保护是很弱势的，因为要花很多钱。Airbnb是非常惊人的一个力量，但是这个力量能否帮助中国、尤其是村镇一级的历史遗产保护？你们有没有这样的想法？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乌岚娜</strong></span>：Airbnb的主流用户是千禧一代，即80，90后。我们也希望更多地与本地的公司及社团合作，大家一起把村镇复兴、手工艺复兴、古宅保护、历史遗迹保护等事业做起来。我之前所介绍的6个案例就是我们在这几方面的尝试。期待可以有类似的项目在中国开展，也希望大家有好的建议和合作想法可以随时跟我沟通。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘昭吟</strong></span>：Airbnb强调的是社会交往，但我觉得这个核心价值还不够成熟。目前我们碰到的大部分情况是要漂亮但是孤立的精品酒店而非社会交往的民宿。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俭</strong></span>：像这种家庭提供的房源，房客住进去后与房东是否会有关系？还是你们要求没有关系呢？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乌岚娜</strong></span>：这取决于客房选择的是哪种房源。我们有三类房源：第一类是整套房间出租；第二类是单独的一个房间，房东可能也住在这套房子里；第三类是跟房东分享一个房间。但是第三种在国内比较少。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">钟晓华</strong></span>：本身Airbnb的“b”指bed和breakfast，所以刚开始的时候是鼓励房客和房东共进早餐，与当地进行互动和交往。但在上海，最大的瓶颈在于产权，因为如果变成共享经济的平台，就是“居改非”了。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俊慈</strong></span>：改变使用性质其实还不是最原则的问题。我感觉对政府来说主要有两个问题：第一个问题是短租带来人员的流动，涉及<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社区治安</strong>问题；第二个问题是如果业主要将房屋短租，必定要<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">装修改造</strong>，可能会破坏历史建筑，还会造成消防和结构安全上的隐患。我们欢迎这种模式，但是需要解决这两个担忧。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，姜江局长让我带三个意见过来。一、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">历史建筑保护要倾听建筑使用人的意见</strong>。二、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">历史建筑保护是一个长期的过程</strong>，目前只能进行阶段性的保护。很多问题是经济社会水平和整个社会的教育程度决定的，短期内难以解决。三、<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">历史建筑保护工作在上海突飞猛进但又举步维艰</strong>。突飞猛进体现在两点，首先是政府高度重视，列入政府的一号工程；第二是上海有一支比较强的专家学者队伍，有热情、有能力。但是目前这项工作是自上而下的，从市政府、区政府到街道都是非常支持的，但是一旦到居委会、物业公司，这种顺滑就戛然而止，会遭到强烈的反弹。归根到底还是因为政府的愿望和老百姓的需求差别非常大。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俭</strong></span>：房子一般只有两种，公房、私房。住宅改性从法律法规上看有什么障碍？是否会被查封？另一点是改建，包括公房和私房的用途改变和改建——私房可以改到什么程度？公房改建、转变用途的线在哪里？</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周俊慈</strong></span>：改变使用性质从法律上说是违法的，我们会要求其恢复原来的使用性质。但是现在处理的比较少。第一是认定困难，第二是量太大、已经完全泛滥开来。<span style="line-height: 1.6;">关于改建，其实公房是允许改的。虽然现在产权是国家的，居民只有使用权证，但其实它的权力很大的，物权法上叫用益物权，可以享有房屋转租、租赁的收益，可以转让、继承。我们称它为小产权或准产权，可以改造、改建。如果是简单的改造，需要物业批准，如果是结构变动就要报给规划部门批。但是很难认定，尤其是老房子都是砖墙承重，很难认定哪里不起承重作用，很多检测单位不敢出检测报告。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">观众</strong></span>：群租其实有点类似于Airbnb中将一间房间出租的模式。一线城市的人口管理方式是整治群租，所以我们很困惑，为什么一会儿要整治群租，一会儿要推广分享经济。一线城市里，外国人来社区居住都需要登记，酒店登记信息或房屋租赁合同，但是直接与Airbnb房东租房就没有这种合同了，这给一线的涉外社区工作者造成了很大的工作压力，倘若管理出现问题，就是他们的工作没做好。所以一些居委会不愿意接纳这种模式进入社区，很多情况都是房东直接和平台合作，而居委会和这些平台公司没有深度接触。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(250, 137, 26); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">王林</strong></span>：我不建议政府整体建立联系，因为个体的关系好处理，只要街坊邻居没有意见就可以；一旦变成街道居委会，就非常难做。我<strong>建议公房私有化一定要走到底。</strong>除了不用修房子之外，公房居民所有的利益跟私房都是一样的。动拆迁的时候，公房跟私房是完全一样的，为什么不走到底呢？现在公房居民赚钱是有权利的，但是修房子的责任没有。我觉得不是所有的事情都应该政府来做，因为个体利益千变万化，政府只要做它该做的事，剩下的事情依靠民间自发。现在的社会已经到了一个阶段，需要政府和公众共由上至下、由下至上共同努力。<strong>民间的力量很大，只是缺乏法制，目前的第三方和法制很不健全。所以要发挥个体的力量，政府同时健全法制。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170); font-size: 12px;">图文整理&编辑/邓世碧</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px currentcolor; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="border-color: transparent; width: 507.5px; height: 2em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);"><section class="" style="margin-left: 7.5em; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号：</strong></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-right: 1em; margin-left: 1em; width: 507.5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: -3.8em; width: 6em; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/Qr0QicIGj0z4Ay7WOLgW5hxSE2bApkia9fdKyQGwvm9Xic64IAd9ib89svricNVTpVbKVleBVm5pK8btiazpLZJK1mhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="430" width="6em" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 6em !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 12px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎长按识别二维码关注我们</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; font-size: 1em; white-space: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px currentcolor; line-height: 1.4; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; color: rgb(69, 66, 65); font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: inherit; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); line-height: 12.6px; font-size: 14px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（）简介</strong></span></section><p style="margin-top: 10px; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心（）是联合国教科文组织的二类国际机构（Category 2 Centre），是第一个在发展中国家建立的遗产保护领域的专业机构。它服务于亚太地区《世界遗产公约》缔约国及其他联合国教科文组织成员国，致力于亚太地区世界遗产的保护与发展。<br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心由北京、上海、苏州三个中心构成。上海中心（同济大学承办）主要负责文化遗产保护相关项目，包括城镇、村落保护与可持续发展、建筑/建筑群/建筑遗址保护以及文化景观保护等；北京中心（北京大学承办）主要负责自然遗产保护、考古发掘与遗址管理以及文化景观管理；苏州中心（苏州市政府承办）主要负责传统建筑技术和修复、保护材料分析以及历史园林的修复与维护。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); line-height: 1.4; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中心轮值秘书处现设于上海，主要负责根据中心理事会确定的计划和指示，协调和指导中心工作。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">轮值秘书处联系方式：<br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">TEL:(+86) 21 6598 7687 转 8002<br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FAX:(+86) 21 6598 2058<br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">E-mail:.secretariat@yahoo.com<br class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(54, 96, 146); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Website：www.whitr-ap.org</span></section></section></section>
                    <br />