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<section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 5px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(118, 175, 235); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">随着网络时代的到来，互联网变成人人可以发声评论的平台。对于设计行业而言，这正使越来越多的普通民众开始关注并参与到城市规划与建筑设计的过程中来，即公众参与。</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">在国内，公众在设计参与中的角色多以旁观者为主：伴随规划建筑方案的公布，公众投票时有举行，但投票结果对于最终决策的影响非常有限。本文展示了美国景观事务所 OLIN 公司公众参与项目实践的概貌，借此探讨中国未来开展公众参与设计可能打开的方式。</em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 5px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(118, 175, 235); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);"><strong>公众参与</strong></span></p></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(65, 71, 83); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 16px;"> 非泛泛之谈 </span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Rebuild By Design竞赛是2013年桑迪飓风后美国由政府部门（U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development，HUD）联合非盈利组织举办的设计竞赛，意在以研究为主体，探讨在如今极端气候频繁，灾害频发的大环境下如何构建可持续的生态城市。章程里即注明了设计项目需要大量的公众参与介入。设计组无论是准备还是设计的决策，公众参与都成为设计过程的重要一环。</span><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在OLIN 对于Hunts Point项目的提案中，关于公众参与的部分被置于首要地位：“公众参与需要灵活，充满想象力以及充分关注于样本的多样性。公众参与设计是一个环状的过程，与利益相关方<span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 11px;">（Stakeholder）</span>的交流应该是多方向的，设计师需要从公众参与里学习并跟进设计，并且也有义务实时向公众更新设计的进程”。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设计所选定的地块Hunts Point有纽约最大的食品运输加工枢纽，60%纽约的食品都需要通过这里。在类似桑迪飓风这样的灾害面前，Hunts Point成为一个救援的生命线。然而其自身情况不容乐观，几乎大半的场地都是在百年洪水线以下，同时充斥着大型厂房和来往的运输卡车。并且更为讽刺的是，这个地块充斥食品加工的厂房，而周边社区却是食品荒漠<span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 11px;">（Food Dessert）</span>。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZawCzK839GyMV5XTrrHLJhmQ9V5jHSUibbzMrM31qGQcib6nicPic6QvHeQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.8471953578336557" data-w="517" style="white-space: pre-wrap; width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br style="white-space: pre-wrap;"  /><span style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>桑迪飓风后纽约超市被抢购一空（the OLIN studio）</span></span></p><p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">食品荒漠指社区居民必须跋涉至少一英里的路程才能买到新鲜的肉类、奶制品和蔬菜。食品荒漠的出现与社区贫困率息息相关，美国农业部经济研究服务机构估计目前美国有2350万人生活在食品荒漠，并且缺少农贸市场等能够提供健康食品的设施。在hunts point集中生活着低收入，无法在一英里内购买到新鲜食物的高风险人群</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 11px;">（Vulne<span style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 11px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"></span>rable Community）</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZQkicUFgMYfGCbgqI3IWdBufrcoZEdA1OsFGOQpQXTVFxfkJ9S7wHJVw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.662379421221865" data-w="622" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>纽约高风险人群研究（Rebuild by design research group）</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6Zwzq7xQN2tpIoGZ0gm7bZQNQ4keiavoFF1xDOukYZecaA7kJkPngIfEg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.7077131258457375" data-w="739" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>洪水危机中的食品工业（the OLIN studio）</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">资源的不公平分布，居高不下的贫困率，传统食品运输业所带来的土地问题，以及噪声和交通安全问题等一系列复杂因素让这个社区的人群从种族、收入、心态上都很难有凝聚力。在这个项目中，利益相关方除了当地居民，还有在这里工作和投资的劳工和商人。如何平衡不同人群对于生存环境以及利益的需要，成为设计难点。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);"><strong>公众参与</strong></span></p></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(65, 71, 83); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 非一方之力 </span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">公众参与是一个复杂且需要多方联动的过程。在Rebuild By Design 竞赛里，合作是一个被反复提起的词。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">作为设计的主要推动力，设计的团队要求与各方面的专家紧密合作，深入社区进行研究；政府作为竞赛的发起人，提供了大量的数据与资金的支持；本地利益相关方的参与保证了项目的经济可行性，同时成为潜在的投资来源；社区非盈利公益组织帮助设计师组织活动采集本地市民意见，参与项目的宣传以及寻求资金支持；本地的媒体和教学机构不仅仅成为方案的宣传者，更成为了方案文化措施的直接实施者。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在设计的不同阶段，政府和本地利益相关方（local stake holder）的紧密参与设计过程保证了方案的可实施性与公众接受度。</span><br  /><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZqWoB2u6oy17FDAkQd5KsRtV7ibDia48C8mYrRabPy8JQ1j3a6DrpGkcA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.6093366093366094" data-w="814" style="font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br style="font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;"  /><span style="font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>项目中的社区参与（the OLIN studio）</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><h3><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">以Hunts Point的项目为例，OLIN设计团队作为项目的牵头人，得到来自政府（New York City Economic Development Corp.）的资金与数据支持。同时联合专家，非盈利组织，设计团队组成了可持续能源专业团队，社区参与团队和洪水防治团队。</span></h3><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在与社区参与团队的合作中，Marni<span style="font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">（Project Manager of the huntspointlifeline, The OLIN studio）</span>着重提到了与The POINT CDC的合作。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在纽约活跃着的<span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Point Community Development Corporation（以下简称The POINT CDC）</span>等非盈利本地社区组织，在设计公众参与的进程里为设计师扮演了极为重要的桥梁角色。The POINT CDC拥有丰富的组织社区活动、艺术节以及为贫困儿童建设学校的经验。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“像The POINT CDC这样的组织并不是跟我们一起做设计，而是告诉我们他们对于社区的观察、关注点以及期冀，他们分享与社区公众合作的经验。”通常情况下，在公众参与之前我们认为需要把设计直接带给公众接受他们的评价。然而在真实操作的过程中，这却不是最好的选择：“公众会觉得自己处于被动接收的一方，而不是积极的参与在设计的过程中。所以第一次的会议你需要的只是完全的倾听。”</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">除了定位项目里的利益相关方与其构成，项目还在New York City Economic Development Corporation的牵头下形成了一个核心利益相关方组织。其中包含了三个主要食品批发商，卡车驾驶员代表，以及社区组织和当地居民代表。在整个公众参与的过程中，核心利益相关方组织全程参与提供意见与建议，监督监管工程和传达信息。</span></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6Zpetg16j0v5rC9t3gMS13ib7mEZD49icD47icmDnNjAUjv6tSvNPhqibZiaA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.2957516339869282" data-w="612" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);"><strong>公众参与</strong></span></p></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(65, 71, 83); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 非千篇一律 </span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">公众参与的形式也是设计的一部分，这个过程不应是重复的乏味的。积极紧密的跟当下的社区活动相结合，持续吸引公众的关注会帮助方案以期得到更多的反馈。</span><br  /><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在Hunts point设计前期的调研阶段，项目举办了7轮公众会议来搜集资料，获取信息；举办年轻人及家庭workshop；投资人、商人与员工提供大量的数据和关于风险的评估；另外还筹办了五次大型的公众讨论会，其内容涵盖风险评估、项目优势与花费讨论、电力设施评估以及研究报告发布会等。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在竞赛初始阶段的发布会上，设计师将将专业的设计调研转化为趣味性的活动。抽象的设计转化为可以拼贴的贴纸，让社区的居民，孩子将自己想要的桥梁，公园，瞭望台，城市建筑等贴纸贴上现有的城市剖面图上，用一种更加互动更有趣的方式收集意见。虽然不是每个社区居民都像设计师拥有专业的绘图和空间理解力，但是每个人都会玩乐高积木，设计组拆分出节点小模型让参与的公众自由搭建表达意愿。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">除了参与过程的有趣，公众参与的成功与有效的宣传也息息相关。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">经过半年的系列公众参与调研，Hunts Point收集了大量详实的数据资料，将初步方案设计并在发布会上发布。为吸引公众，设计组创造性地举办了一个公益性质的面包烘焙大赛。在2014年三月，Hunts Point的第一届烘焙大赛举行，11组参赛选手皆是来自Hunts Point 本地的餐厅的厨师，所有食品的原材料也购买于Hunts Point，评委包括了在当地知名度很高的烹饪频道明星Baron Ambrosia。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这个活动吸引了当地300多个居民、商人和工作者，以及媒体的目光。以厨艺大赛为契机，传达了设计成果并收集反馈。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">值得强调的是，Hunts Point Lifelines方案中最关键的一点也在于危机下的食品运输中枢重建，与厨艺大赛的主题不谋而合。这个活动带动了公众对于社区规划的关注，定期的聚会与项目进程汇报也一定程度上打开了聆听的通道，缓和了社区矛盾。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZzTYjkypITsScibNtNXHKHtdrfqIrtaMJpxXulk9xibmrNGxIuphcxWUw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.216796875" data-w="512" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /></span><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>Slambake Food Project参与者</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><br  /></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZIN86JoEbFvPjia7OiaxbicpPyj6On5qOEquibmrVrCicLXSft2f1pN3JS4Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.140625" data-w="512" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>Hunts point设计方案（the OLIN studio）</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">公众参与</span></strong></p></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(65, 71, 83); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 16px;"> 增强长期影响力 </span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">One Architecture关于Engagement By Design的报告中指出，公众参与的最终目的在于项目完成之后，仍然可以有序的运作并获得持续关注。</span><br  /><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在One Architecture参与的Delhi 2050项目里，设计通过一系列的艺术装置引发了广泛的社会讨论。通过举办研讨会，与学校合作推出工作坊，与市民合作完成水资源利用的研究报告将人们的关注引向水资源短缺的问题上，把项目的影响力扩大到整个区域对于水资源话题的关注上。将一个短期的设计项目引向成为一个对于可持续发展的长期有组织的讨论活动中去。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section><section><p><br  /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPLOpdbZubciaiaK7CtpvDutUrNhprwJCB4ecnbEdKblA8lBHzX1I7DkFw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; border-top: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzVlTvoMkHZU9xNia4iafX7HSPPXeU9DVHysws0PEPp8mLco6VJCvknedhVF4ia3nNv8UvicMtiaJjuF6CQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">公众参与</span></strong></p></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(65, 71, 83); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 从个体到群体 </span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">公众参与的格局不应该是局限在单一项目里。让设计与社区协作，帮助城市变得更美好这样的目标，因为诸如Community Design Collaborative这样的组织而变得成为可能。</span><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Community Design Collaborative（以下简称CDC）于1990s在美国费城成立，宗旨是集合设计与规划人才利用他们的专业优势帮助社区群体、非营利组织，并植根于公众群体。CDC的成员资格向各个设计领域的设计师开放，包括建筑、景观、规划、造价、室内、平面设计和艺术家，没有固定的领导者，每次的设计汇报由成员共同参与并提出意见。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">定期的团队会议与公益项目汇报增强了团队的凝聚力，同时也加深了地区各个设计领域人才的了解与合作。协会资金及办公场所支持主要来源于American Institute of Architects (AIA)，而社区申报的公益设计项目也需要经过AIA的审核。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这样的组织形式不但确保了团体的活跃度与创新性，最大程度为社区集合了最优的设计资源，同时也帮助设计师开拓跨专业交流的可能性，打开与业主沟通的桥梁。设计帮助社区成为一个双向的互利共赢的过程。在这个过程中，<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDC</span>担任着组织设计、配对设计师与项目，以及控制设计时间节点的作用。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br clear="all"  /></span></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6ZB2UsEjEpB3QRxlegxoFiceEvey7wicm1HtFxeLFEmxxPMYzIofLhqVDA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6693227091633466" data-w="502" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>2012年OLIN公司志愿者参与CDC组织的 Henry C. Lea Elementary School再设计（the OLIN studio）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2016年，作为OLIN的员工，笔者参与了<span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDC</span>的Mifflin公立学校的校园改造设计。对费城公立学校校园改造是CDC从2003年开始推进的Transforming Philadelphia Schoolyard系列项目，力求在20年中改造超过30所费城及其周边的公立学校校园，增加校园雨水处理能力，给学生创造更好的游乐设施和更安全的教育环境。Transforming Philadelphia Schoolyard 的活动得到了费城学校组织The School district, the Philadelphia Water Department和政府等的资源以及资金支持。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"></span><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXpyJRwEBESaGJhfF9Mian6Z5LiaOfwqm09ORf4ELOFibOjtl4viaUpaRCpcXrIkwvtGaUia0LXsHo6wgQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.3671875" data-w="1280" style="width: 100%; height: auto;"  /><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FOfN6s4oyicF0aZtdklkYszdJGWAIZNUaDU1186bCjwBbw6oCbOKwGckrY9eJEH8gAwIUcA7ficOZcLhgUZR5OfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="12" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.666667px; color: rgb(241, 138, 48); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span>Mifflin公立校园改造设计CDC汇报（the OLIN studio）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mifflin公立校园改造设计第一次设计概念汇报在学校的图书馆，听众有来自费城水资源管理协会（Philadelphia water department）的成员,有正在这所学校上学的5岁的孩子，有准妈妈，80岁的老人，住在周边的退休建筑师，乃至植物学家和来自于<span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDC</span>的不同背景的志愿者。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在设计的过程中，最有趣的是听到来自于不同方向的声音。显而易见的是，设计师的关注点往往会跟社区居民的关注点有一定的出入，即在优化的过程中设计师往往“看得更远”，但容易忽略最实际最眼前的问题。当设计师关注于屋顶水处理和打开篮球场动线等问题时，周边居民最关注的却是如何开放最近的去地铁站的线路和关于垃圾车停留点改线。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在这样的社区会议中，最大程度拉近了设计者与使用者的距离，使用者的积极参与让设计变得更加脚踏实地，更加积极的解决使用者最急需解决的问题。从另外一个角度来看，设计师通过和居民直接的沟通，更加清晰了设计方向并最大程度加强公众对于方案的认同度。这种汇报的形式也更好的给未来可能拿到资金支持的机构（比如支持费城水环境改造的费城水资源管理协会）提供了最直观的调研材料。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">对于非营利的，需要寻求大量外部资金支持的社区建设项目，从设计到建成并不是一件容易的事情。<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDC</span>在20多年的发展中，完成了近500个社区导向的项目设计。然而，因为社区经费和社区建设报批等不确定因素，只有10%项目真正建成。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">但是正是因为有像<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDC</span>这种支持设计改变城市的星星之火与无数无偿奉献时间和才华的设计师与设计事务所，我们看到费城有18所社区公立学校因为这个项目进行了重建：把原有的空荡亦或是充满了危机的校园和邻里街区进行大幅度的改造提升，特别是在儿童游乐、教育、绿色节能、安全、开放使用等方面表现突出。化负为正，让社区和设计师以更加积极的态度投入到更好的城市建设中去。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">规划与建筑设计师背后承载着设计日常生活，保证城市活力运转的使命。城市中的日常生活植根于民众的细微琐事，并不是多宏大的英雄叙事或精致的私人追求。脱离民众的文艺犹如空中楼阁，我国的公众参与设计也应从朋友圈点赞投票转变到更加实际的参与中去。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 556px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -9px; margin-bottom: -9px; padding-right: 9px; padding-left: 9px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 15px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); border-right: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><strong style="font-size: 12px;"><br  /></strong></p><p><strong style="font-size: 12px;">致谢</strong><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;">本文部分观点来自于以下设计师采访</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">Marni Burns</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">    Project Manager of the huntspoint lifeline, The OLIN studio</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">Ellen Neises</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">    Adjunct Associate Professor, The University of Pennsylvania </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">Heidi Segall Levy</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">    Director of Design Service, Community Design Collaborative</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">Pippa Brashear </span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">   Director of Planning and Resilience, SCAPE</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">Matthijs Bouw</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">   Founder and principal, One Architecture; Rockefeller Urban Resilience Fellow; The University of Pennsylvania</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">吴晓帆</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;">    华东建筑设计研究院</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 556px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(175, 205, 232); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 19.2px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微信统筹：李娟</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 19.2px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 19.2px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; white-space: pre-wrap;">徐乐，宾夕法尼亚大学景观建筑在读研究生，助教</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑：屠菡</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(122, 68, 66); max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> Cycling@Shanghai骑行上海 </span></p><p style="min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; text-align: center; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; margin-top: 10px;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVWL74yjO6h347KibfCbjg7RokAL3esNfRPliaunRL7Ibd5soM3twAP0o5EVyAWkibUMNJ3E9strl82g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4578125" data-w="640"  /><br  /><span style="font-size: 12px; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727461&idx=1&sn=1e29a4286dbd68e848ae1cdc1309827e&chksm=85cff584b2b87c920b501d5b7ebdaa3455963a2f894f3742cd05b8f7c561ccfbe3304047870d&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727461&idx=1&sn=1e29a4286dbd68e848ae1cdc1309827e&chksm=85cff584b2b87c920b501d5b7ebdaa3455963a2f894f3742cd05b8f7c561ccfbe3304047870d&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上海骑行系统规划构想（下）</a><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727355&idx=1&sn=65cd38fe56527e7e1754b1fa27bdc6eb&chksm=85cff51ab2b87c0cc5f9206a6c35ff353038df007479b258a4a7b8683e7b6c59456a36ed801e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727355&idx=1&sn=65cd38fe56527e7e1754b1fa27bdc6eb&chksm=85cff51ab2b87c0cc5f9206a6c35ff353038df007479b258a4a7b8683e7b6c59456a36ed801e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（中）</a></span><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727316&idx=1&sn=5f264efdeffecf5c304676f705f3f0b0&chksm=85cff535b2b87c235356d54763b0d7fd690c671565000afc11d5459716d5752c2633b5c50152&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727316&idx=1&sn=5f264efdeffecf5c304676f705f3f0b0&chksm=85cff535b2b87c235356d54763b0d7fd690c671565000afc11d5459716d5752c2633b5c50152&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="font-size: 12px; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（上）</span></a></p><p style="min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; text-align: center; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 12px; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727260&idx=1&sn=e6ed1466a77fcae8a91b47d8a9f3bf1e&chksm=85cff57db2b87c6b19f0e3a637a9c1dac5aa853246b84be097b67f0844b160490842666e159b&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727260&idx=1&sn=e6ed1466a77fcae8a91b47d8a9f3bf1e&chksm=85cff57db2b87c6b19f0e3a637a9c1dac5aa853246b84be097b67f0844b160490842666e159b&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自行车友好城市案例（下）</a><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727236&idx=1&sn=bf5e0c8500a0fd9a4fe97a29c191b60b&chksm=85cff565b2b87c732ee41e3889e4f7831fa21de7a6cdf2249bea73679e25d922e3413af9f924&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727236&idx=1&sn=bf5e0c8500a0fd9a4fe97a29c191b60b&chksm=85cff565b2b87c732ee41e3889e4f7831fa21de7a6cdf2249bea73679e25d922e3413af9f924&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（中）</a></span><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727223&idx=1&sn=26e6785f61c918f8e7b9a1e8d2df2c2e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727223&idx=1&sn=26e6785f61c918f8e7b9a1e8d2df2c2e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="font-size: 12px; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（上）</a></p><p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 4px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.9859154929577465" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/YNd5PePZNzWzVGRIv5haiabsLia5Cxn4GjInSQkQ6aGtAG8VbgV1RVVibZKyMhHmyZuXYRpg0KQVhnuCHGNXhoFsw/640?" data-type="jpeg" data-w="426" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" width="auto"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">长按识别二维码，</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">下载《城市中国》iPad App</span></p><hr  /><p><br  /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/YNd5PePZNzVfAvMtjT7ibwf8F9ZuolDHibMPbrf21tvbMAUcvTJc9MsWd2uFDWn20ynJ5flnVy7UpppKTEg2OqXA/0" data-ratio="1" data-w="430"  /><br  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 211, 240); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市中国》</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市智慧</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">与中国俱进</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">长按识别二维码</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">关注微信公众号</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0% 10px; text-align: center; line-height: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(31, 228, 240); border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important; border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(31, 228, 240); border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important; border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(31, 228, 240); border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important; border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">微信公众号 |  </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">豆瓣 | site.douban.com/urbanchina/<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">微博 | @城市中国</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">官网 | www.urbanchina.com.cn/</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">电话 | 021-65982080(8027)</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">邮箱 | 00urbanchina@vip.163.com</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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