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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px; padding-top: 1.3em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 30%; margin-right: 30%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 30px; height: 30px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); border-top-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 22px; height: 22px; margin: 2px; border: 2px solid rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; margin: 1px auto auto; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin: 1px auto auto; border-left-width: 12px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); border-bottom-width: 12px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方“”可订阅哦！</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.541176); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 15px 10px 25px; border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: -30px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作者北京中海华艺城市规划设计有限公司蓝添在《规划师》2016年第10期撰文，通过对深圳华强北众创空间这一典型案例的分析，总结出华强北案例对城市规划设计领域的启示意义。</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 30px; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cyyN1PXXlwlzvBzG0uswS5lhkfjibPibvReVXSofWVBRqLvtnuPzvHzkREKYC5Jr8yThMlM3wqoRibBPVicHYHeCNA/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(156, 94, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">深圳华强北的众创空间</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 26%; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ANVeGlWPKzkxbZzukncC0KNT19tGS69sXOz8knia1jgyATCkfPny30iccxd1t2JXWWYNzdpPibQrbf1bPoKWicd4Mw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.228125" data-w="320"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; margin-bottom: -2.5em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(241, 233, 222);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 43, 107); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北的发展情况　</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">事实表明，华强北作为电子产品分销商贸的重要<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">枢纽，孕育着超乎想象的产业能量与创新潜质。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从交易额规模看，早在2005年华强北各类电子</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专业市场的年销售总额已达260亿元，数百亿级的交</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">易额规模足以堪比当时任何一家世界级的跨国分销商巨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">头，而整个华强北商业区的年销售总额则达到370亿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">元，超过国内任何一个著名的商业区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。截至2014年底，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北各类电子专业市场增至近30家，电子类产品年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">销售额达1000亿元以上，在鼎盛时期，其年销售额甚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">至超过 3000 亿元。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从经营空间的规模看，华强北的各<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类电子专业市场在2006年已发展到18</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">家，总营业面积在30万平方米以上；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2014年底，华强北的各类电子专业市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共计28家，总营业面积约50万平方米。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">巨大的客流量支撑着华强北的商业发展。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有数据显示，华强北自2004年左右平时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">客流量就已达到50万人/日，周末和节</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">假日则高达70万人/日。长期以来，如</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">此庞大规模的商业活动几乎全部集中在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北路约 1km 长的沿线两侧街区内。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对于业内人士而言，华强北最具吸</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">引力的正是品类齐全的电子产品和模块</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集成服务。虽然华强北不一定能达到人们</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">所期望的规范化要求，但是这座“野蛮生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">长的丛林”却联系着珠三角地区完整的制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">造业体系，可以满足各种产业部门的个性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化定制需求，为各行各业的集成创新提供</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多种多样的实现路径，因而极大地促进了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业要素的集聚与流通。有人甚至断言，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如果某种电子产品在华强北找不到，那么</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在全世界都不可能找到。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 43, 107); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北的发展历程</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">回顾二十余年的发展历程，华强北<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">始终处在产业创新与社会变迁的风口浪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">尖，创造了一波接一波的发展高潮。如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">今，作为响当当的“中国电子第一街”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北为珠三角乃至整个中国大陆的加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工制造业“洞开”了一扇参与全球化产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业分工的“窗口”，传递着电子信息产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业日新月异的变化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）产业部门的开创过程</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作为华强北的前身，上步工业区于<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">1982年开工建设，面积超过1km2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中国大陆地区在改革开发后最早成立的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子产品加工生产基地。当时的决策者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通过“内联外引”的招商方式，以少占地、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">无环境污染的电子工业为龙头产业，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">上步区建立起“三来一补”模式的工业区。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">当时的电子工业部、兵器部等部委和单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">位，以及外资企业纷纷进驻，成为深圳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">特区最早的一批“拓荒牛”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在改革开放之初，国内远没有形成<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如今的制造加工业体系，美国操控的巴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">黎统筹委员会也在电子技术方面对包括</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中国大陆在内的共产主义国家实行封锁，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">因此中国企业普遍面临着电子元器件、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">芯片等原材料的短缺问题，难以根据生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产需要及时地获取相应的电子元器件和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">配套的电子产品，深圳初生的电子生产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">企业根本无从应对日新月异的技术革新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与市场挑战。在这种情况下，建立开放</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的电子产品配套市场，从根本上解决电</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">子元器件的供应配套问题，成为当时业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">界的强烈渴望</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在深圳特区政府的支持下，深圳赛<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">格集团突破了计划经济体制的樊篱，于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">1988年3 月开始经营中国大陆地区首家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子专业市场，成为当时的开创之举。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为电子工业生产提供配套服务，是当时</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子专业市场的核心定位，不惟盈利的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">超前服务理念使赛格集团的电子市场不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">仅带动起深圳的电子信息产业，还很快</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建立起全国范围的供求渠道网络。业内的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">厂商也因电子市场的出现而极大地降低了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">采购与销售成本，电子产品在整个中国大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">陆地区的供求格局被彻底颠覆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。从此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子专业市场和分销商贸业在华强北得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到了蓬勃发展，逐渐奠定了华强北的商</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">贸枢纽地位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）商贸街区的形成过程</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">严格来说，华强北并非一处常规的<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商业区。上述交易额规模和经营场地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">数据表明，华强北的电子专业市场主要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">面向生产流通领域，终端零售消费并非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主导性业务(图1)。因此，华强北作为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一处综合性的商贸街区，同时兼具商业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间和产业空间的功能属性—商户在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子产品专业市场中开展商贸交易活动，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">促成生产订单，实现产品服务模块的集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">成，并组织相应的生产加工活动，将最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">新的市场信息反馈给生产厂家。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgq5LoTshdD8KDkGEEYRJzyvyS5PKmibjdejNfxOLI3a1mz9frYm0xVNfBBHdT1baESkvS8JaXZY9w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4390625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">因此，商户围绕着电子专业市场形<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">成了稳定的供货渠道和关系网，通过电</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">子产品的分销贸易参与产业链分工，他</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">们凭借市场经验与渠道资源向生产研发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">领域扩展业务，将上游生产与下游分销</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">环节的产业资源整合起来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。在现实中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子信息产品的分销商贸与产品服务的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集成创新始终是相生相伴的产业活动，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不论是改革开放之初设立的部委直属企</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业，还是后来电子市场中的小商户、小</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">企业，都离不开由分销商贸活动所带来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的产业融合与资源共享。因此，华强北</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">街区业已成型的分销商贸体系具有极其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重要的产业孵化作用，为无数中小企业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和个体商户提供了充满生机的创业平台。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">随着华强北制造业的大规模转移以<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及商贸功能的迅速出现，深圳市政府在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业软环境方面开展了大量工作，帮助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">提升华强北街区的商圈价值。在深圳市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府、福田区政府和华强北街道办的支</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">持下，华强北筹建了行业协会以及服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">于企业的各类合作机构。2007年，深圳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多家知名的电子企业共同发起成立了华</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">强北电子市场价格指数有限公司，专门</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">负责发布华强北各类电子产品的价格指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">数，以及相关产业的咨询服务。这些措</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施增进了产业部门之间的信息共享与合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作交流，扩大了华强北的影响力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在基础设施硬件的改善方面，深圳<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市政府自20世纪90年代末以来投入了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大量资源改进华强北的城市风貌，并进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行了多条轨道交通建设与地下空间开发；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">沿华强北路的大型改造工程即将于2016</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年底全面竣工，届时华强北将以崭新的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">面貌呈现给世人 ( 图 2)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">除此之外，在治安管理、消防安全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">等方面，相关职能部门针对华强北地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">庞大的流动人口以及高密度的商贸人流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">量带来的各种复杂问题，采取了一系列</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">措施，为商贸活动和社会生活的正常开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">展提供了保障。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgq5LoTshdD8KDkGEEYRJzyFPc1zkxWp2KRt2ZJ3G4Vaz832PTrD3iaTh40bygAxibmb25FZRHZ5urQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.3875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）创客天堂的提升过程</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北电子信息产品的分销商贸活<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动几乎涵盖了所有民用级、工业级，甚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">至军工级的各类IC产品，不同专业市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主营的产品服务有所差异，产品服务的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">功能属性彼此互补，形成了较好的集群</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">效应。客户在不同的专业市场选购了所</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">需的产品或服务模块后，就可以根据自</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">身需求进行集成组装，就地生产出各类</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">电子信息产品，创造出相应的增值服务。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分销商贸活动伴随着产品服务的模</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">块集成，使电子专业市场中狭小的“一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">米柜台”孵化了包括腾讯、同洲电子、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">金正、洪恩软件、神舟电脑及英特翎等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一批业内知名企业，以及无数的电子产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">品生产厂商、分销商和IDH，广泛涉</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及电子产品分销、互联网、软件开发、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文化传媒及相关的ICT产业领域，使华</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">强北自发地孕育出无穷的市场活力与创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业能量。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">依托深圳完整的硬件供应链体系以<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及珠三角地区高效率的制造工厂，华强</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">北为产业部门的集成创新所提供的有利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">条件逐渐引起了国内外智能硬件领域和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">高科技企业的关注。2012年，法国软件</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工程师Cyril Ebersweiller毅然决定把他</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在美国硅谷的硬件孵化公司HAXLR8R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">搬到了华强北。虽然他们还是会把产品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">路演的 Demo Day 放在美国旧金山，但</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是这种在最初阶段就把设计和生产紧密</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">结合在一起的模式，无疑成为他们所孵</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化的企业最大的特色</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。2015 年，芯片</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">巨头英特尔与微软集团合作，决定在深</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">圳设立智能设备创新实验室和1亿美元</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">创新基金，希望依托华强北及其所关联</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的ICT产业体系，和深圳本土企业共建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可以与ARM架构的移动端芯片抗衡的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">硬件制造生态圈，从而在移动智能设备</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">领域重新抢占失利之地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">据业内人士表示，在别处需要数月<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">时间才可能配备齐全的各种电子元器件</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和产品服务模块，在华强北也许只需一天</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">就可以悉数落实。如今，华强北的商贸</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业活动远不止单纯的零售消费、订单批</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发贸易或者分销代理贸易、服务业外包等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类型。各类电子产品专业市场的集群效应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及其强大的产品渠道体系，使华强北承</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">载了上游生产研发和下游分销贸易的所</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有环节，以及一切可能的配套产品服务，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">成为全球独一无二的创客天堂。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">智能硬件和互联网领域技术的飞跃<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发展，已经使越来越多的人意识到传统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工业制造领域所可能面临的全面整合与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">深刻变革。华强北作为中国制造业体系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">面向全球产业分工的“窗口”，若能一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如既往地发挥其在产业集成方面的优势</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与潜力，极有可能在这样的重大变局中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">引领新的时代潮流。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 43, 107); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北众创空间的发展动因</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）以产业部门之间的跨界融合促进<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业集成</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北这种自发形成的商贸活动体<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">系并不是在产业政策主导下形成的产物，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">而是产业部门不断竞争、磨合所导致的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">结果，因而具有强大的生命力与适应力，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府所扮演的角色更像是市场的守护者，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重在提供公共产品与城市管理服务，为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业部门的自主性生产保驾护航。即使</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">存在坑蒙拐骗和山寨产品，华强北也没</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有遭到行政部门或利益集团的随意干涉，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">而是在残酷的市场竞争中遭到不断洗礼，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">几经动荡依然保持顽强的生命力</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放之初，深圳特区的拓荒者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">抢占了时代先机，依托当时的电子产品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制造加工业基础开创了下游的分销商贸</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业，使华强北从一处城郊工业区脱胎</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为综合性的商贸街区，实现了下游分销</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商贸活动对上游制造业部门的整合。在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">此基础上，华强北自发地形成了独具特</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">色的电子产品分销商贸体系，通过电子</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专业市场的柜台经营方式为商户提供了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">极低的进入门槛，吸纳无数的商户参与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">全球性的产业分工。在市场机制的主导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下，这个商贸体系可以利用商户之间的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">贸易来推动产业部门的跨界融合，通过</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业的集成来实现创新，形成了极具影</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">响力的众创空间，依托珠三角甚至整个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中国大陆的制造业体系参与智能时代互</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">联网新经济的竞争。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）以产业集成所形成的平台经济生态<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">圈兼容多样化的商业模式</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从平台经济学的视角看，电子专<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业市场是一个同时面向买卖双方的多边</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">平台(Multi-sided Platforms Mode/</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">Two-sided Markets)。电子专业市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本身作为促进双方互动的媒介，主要向</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">买卖双方收取平台的使用费 (Royalty)，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以租金的形式获利。相比而言，常规的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商业设施大多为面向消费者的单边平台</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">(Merchant Mode/One-Side Market)，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主要通过倒卖产品赚取差价来获利。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">电子专业市场采取不同于常规商业<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施的经营模式，一方面有助于减少不</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">必要的中间环节，使买卖双方可以获得</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">更直接的互动交流机会，各种隐性知识</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和信息(如客户的个性化需求及供应商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的产品服务模块所具有的复杂功能属性)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">都得以更好地在买卖双方之间传达，从</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">而降低交易成本，拓展产业分工的可能</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性；另一方面，华强北常规的商业模式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">也为商家提供了互补性的选择余地，使</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商家可以更好地适应ICT产业的瞬息万</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">变以及市场变化的不确定性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">商业模式的多样性使华强北不仅承<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">载了一般的市场交易功能，还涵盖了技</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">术引进与交流，产品研发与设计，行业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">信息发布，物流仓储配送，信息、人才、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">资金的交流等各个方面的产业功能，形</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">成了一个面向全球的平台经济生态圈。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这样的生态圈不仅存在着 “企业+雇员”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这种传统的产业组织方式，还存在很大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一部分具有互联网时代特征的“平台+</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个人”小微模式。　　</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）以多样化的商业模式适应全球产业<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组织方式的变革潮流</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">形成上述产业格局的根本原因主要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">还在于上游生产部门的技术演变导致的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">模块化生产方式取代了传统福特制标准</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化大生产模式。当技术的进步使复杂的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">系统可以模块化为具有独立功能属性的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">子系统时，市场主体就可以选择不同的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组织方式(企业或个体户)参与产业分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工。现实中，最优的产业组织方式视市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">场主体之间的交易成本而定，而交易成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本因技术创新而瞬息万变，因此最优的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业组织形式也充满不确定性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">按照威廉姆森的交易成本理论<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">非标准化产品的经常交易通常具有较高</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的协调难度或违约风险，因此一体化的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">科层制企业可以将产业要素整合到企业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">内部进行统筹管理，降低交易成本；而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">标准化产品的偶然交易通常不存在协调</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">难度或违约风险，让不同的产业部门直</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">接通过市场机制进行交易，可以更好地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">避免科层制大企业的管理弊端，降低交</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">易成本 ( 图 3)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北作为一处可以兼容多元化产<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业组织模式的众创空间，使市场主体可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以灵活地根据自身的禀赋条件选择采用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">企业或个人的方式参与产业分工，在实</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体和虚拟层面借助华强北的平台优势，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">融入智能时代的新经济体系。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgq5LoTshdD8KDkGEEYRJzyMZZEdMia3opEA6e1shrfibBch5ZmjRvQ07B0JL2ppFFia9d51gibhCHvZQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4265625" data-w="640"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; float: right; margin-top: -2.5em; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cyyN1PXXlwlzvBzG0uswS5lhkfjibPibvReVXSofWVBRqLvtnuPzvHzkREKYC5Jr8yThMlM3wqoRibBPVicHYHeCNA/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(249, 110, 87, 0.490196);"><section class="" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">华强北案例对城市规划设计领域</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">的启示意义</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 15px 5px 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 15% !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section><section class="" style="width: 0.8em; height: 0.8em; margin: 0.7em -0.4em -0.4em -0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></section><section class="" style="width: 85%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 5px 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(77, 60, 66);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北城市规划历程的简要回顾</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; padding: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">早在1994年，当华强北开始出现<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">由城郊工业区向城市商业区转型的迹象</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">后，深圳城市规划职能部门就着手进行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">研究探索，开展了一系列规划编制工作。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">针对当时华强北工业用地普遍性的功能</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">用途置换，以及土地开发强度对原工业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地的大幅度突破，规划主管部门</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">急需一套规划措施与机制，对相关再开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发活动进行规范化管理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">然而，在此之后的十余年，若干轮<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划研究的成果并没有帮助规划部门实</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">现对城市空间资源的合理、有序利用，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划管理部门对华强北的产业功能转型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和城市空间巨变几乎无所适从 ( 图 4)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgq5LoTshdD8KDkGEEYRJzyrtD3sCW482ST4JMOvUvMrLI3tWlHiaUo4fBOR56ibUD9uGMZkNdj2MNg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.521875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">针对城市规划管理方面面临的挑战，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2008年开始编制的《上步片区城市更新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划》开创性地提出了“增量分配”这</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">种不同于常规的规划管控思路：首先根</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">据基础设施的承载能力控制整个街区所</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能增加的总开发容量上限，然后在一套</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容量分配规则的指引下，根据各单元地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">块的具体实际情况确定其允许增加的开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发容量，以及开发时序、职责分工等内容，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从而形成具有广泛共识性的规划管理依</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">据。规划确保了开发建设容量与基础设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施的承载能力的匹配，而不对具体的城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市功能定位做出判断，以免对产业发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">形成不必要的束缚。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作为华强北片区城市更新的纲领性<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文件，一方面，该规划建立了良好的分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工协作机制，有效地规范了华强北片区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的开发秩序。自此以后，在一整套规范</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化的管理流程指导下，以更新规划单元</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为抓手的城市更新机制得以在整个深圳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市域推行，碎片化的城市存量空间得以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在市场力量的参与下进行再开发。另一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方面，该规划在编制过程中采取“开门</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划”的方式，使产业部门的诉求和声</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">音得以有效传达</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，保障了华强北街区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">轨道交通建设和基础设施改造工程的顺</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">利进行。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-left: -0.45em; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 15px 5px 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 15% !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><section class="" style="width: 0.8em; height: 0.8em; margin: 0.7em -0.4em -0.4em -0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></section><section class="" style="width: 85%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 5px 5px 15px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(77, 60, 66);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">规划设计人员应对众创空间时所<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">面临的挑战</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; padding: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）对城市产业活动的认知存在局限</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间结构和物质环境通常会在<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">较长的历史时期内保持相对稳定，技术</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">演进和市场趋势的变化则可能导致产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组织方式在朝夕之间发生出人意料的演</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">变。从华强北的发展历程看，产业发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">并不会必然带来物质空间环境的改善，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">很多由破旧厂房或临时性建筑随意改造</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">而成的电子专业市场至今仍在持续运作。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可见，我们不能仅仅根据表面上物质空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间环境的优劣来评判其中所承载的产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">活动。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">对于产业部门而言，生产要素(Fact-<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">ors of Production)、资源 (Resources)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和投入(Inputs)都是指在生产最终产品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">或服务的过程中所需加以利用的各种内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容，物质空间环境或基础设施只是众多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要素当中的一种。当产业部门认为物质</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">环境的改善无助于实现最佳的资源配置</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">时，他们完全有可能放弃对物质环境的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">改善。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">对于规划设计者而言，由于其主要<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的工作着眼点在于物质空间环境，因此很</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容易仅看到规划区表面上的产业功能或</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业态档次，而忽视企业之间内在的产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">联系，以及产业集群在复杂多变的全球产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业体系中所具有的实质意义。在华强北，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">尽管陈旧的电子专业市场不论在物质硬</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">件方面还是在产业服务功能方面都存在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">诸多积弊，但这些专业市场却是整个产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集群的载体和根基。华强北的发展实践表</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">明，电子专业市场依托已经成型的产业集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">聚平台，以其多样性的产品服务为相关产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业部门的从业者提供机会，有助于提升华</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">强北在整个产业体系中的商贸枢纽地位，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从而更好地实现整个城市的产业升级。规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划设计者只有跳出“就空间论空间”的狭</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">隘视野，站在产业部门的角度认识众创空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间，才可能洞察到产业发展的脉络以及产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">业部门的潜在诉求，寻找到更合理的规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设计手段。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）实践过程中价值理性的缺失</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">有人曾主张将电子专业市场从华强<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">北迁至深圳的关外地区，以便对华强北</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进行彻底的升级改造，同时促进关外地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区的产业发展。笔者在此很难评价这样</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的做法是否恰当，但一厢情愿地改变原</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有的产业生态格局则很可能动摇华强北</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的产业根基，使华强北像当年的北京中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">关村一样，面临电子产品专业市场迁出</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">后所带来的危机。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在后福特时代，随着电子信息技术<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的迅速发展，大企业的组织机构发生了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重要改变，价值活动的水平分离和垂直</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分离，以及小企业的大量繁衍使社会劳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动分工得到深化。华强北大量的创业者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和中小企业所构成的产业集群不仅与大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">型的跨国分销巨头所主导的分销体系形</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">成了互补，而且形成了有利于产业创新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的社会文化土壤。这种难能可贵的发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">局面是不太可能仅仅通过对龙头企业的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">招商引资和依靠龙头企业的带动效应而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实现的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">龙头大企业大都发轫于中小企业，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">所谓的高科技企业很多也是从技术含量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">相对较低的产业活动开始起步的。众创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的规划需要人们重新认识创业者及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中小企业在产业集群中具有的意义。大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中小企业之间密切的产业联系，以及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">长久以来形成的商贸关系和地方环境</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">(Milieu)，是一个产业集群最具有价值的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地方，也是难以被转移和模仿的城市财</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">富</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如果产业空间中的市场主体与整</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个产业体系形成了良好的企业互动和知</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">识共享，彼此形成了密切的产业联系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">即使他们只是由创业者或中小企业构成，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">所从事的经营活动即使只围绕着某些看</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">似低端的功能业态，也并不能说明这些</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业功能活动没有存在的必要。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在当下我国的城市规划实践中，在<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">决策者位高权重、大拆大建依然盛行的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">情况下，社会普遍对城市空间的短期投</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">机胜于对产业积累的关切，对物质空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">决定论的迷信胜于对价值理性的思辨。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划设计人员应该更加理性地看待创业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">者及中小企业的重要作用，理解华强北</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这样主要由本土中小企业所形成的产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集群在全球化的语境下所具有的意义，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">才可能避免基于主观意愿的“绅士化改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">造”对城市产业长远发展所造成的破坏，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">真正做到以人为本。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）研究方法与工作方式亟待革新</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间不再是传统工业化大生产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">语境下的产业空间形态，而是适应于智</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能时代、互联网新经济的实体或虚拟平</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">台。与传统产业部门的标准化、科层制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">特征相反，它迫使多元化的个性需求得</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到更多的市场关注，并形成更趋扁平化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的产业分工格局。因此，与传统意义上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的城市空间有所不同的地方在于，众创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间并不是权力和资本意志的反映，而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是微观个体自下而上的诉求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从华强北的发展实践看，众创空间<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的产业集成作用促进了产业部门在原有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地理空间中的延续与积淀，城市原有的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业基础得以提升。在这样的巨大变化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中，产业部门在整个分工体系中扮演的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">角色也许异常复杂，而且还可能具有很</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大的不确定性和价值潜力。如果只是凭</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">着感性的主观经验，人们很难理解产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">部门的潜在诉求，也几乎不可能洞察到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市产业发展的脉络和趋势。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">如上所述，虽然目前深圳的城市更<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">新和规划管理机制创造性地应对了华强</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">北的转型，但是在相当长的一段时期内，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">华强北曾由于产业功能转型造成土地利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">用功能的普遍性转变以及土地开发强度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的激增，使城市规划管理面临失控。目</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">前用于指引华强北片区城市更新的纲领</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性规划文件，关注的视角也主要局限于物</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">质空间层面对开发建设量的控制与调配，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在根本性的城市功能判断与定位方面却</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">只是停留在对既成事实的追认</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">面对复杂的产业发展诉求，什么<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">东西应该保留延续，什么东西应该整改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">拆除，应该怎样留、怎样改、怎样管理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">……这些都不是少数精英决策者凭主观</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">意愿和经验可以轻易得出结论的问题。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在这种情况下，自上而下编制的城市规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划也许很难真正具有前瞻性、引领性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划设计领域所习惯的一整套认知体系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与工作方法将可能面临严峻的挑战。我</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">们急需一套更注重实证的跨学科方法来</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">深入地认知微观层面的城市空间和市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主体，使规划设计工作建立在理性的社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">会调研与分析基础之上，从而对事实情</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">况形成广泛而深入的了解，才能透过物</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; 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box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=4&sn=fe99932b12c2686b2c92414e0b20bbe2&chksm=8b42080dbc35811b503a820066aa2b9a91e02401d1679f08ee9093729ebc9b12890564cc532f&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=4&sn=fe99932b12c2686b2c92414e0b20bbe2&chksm=8b42080dbc35811b503a820066aa2b9a91e02401d1679f08ee9093729ebc9b12890564cc532f&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PR】韧性视角下的历史街区保护与更新 —以汕头小公园历史街区、佛山祖庙东华里历史街区为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=5&sn=3b803df13109904d2c176783a597b5ec&chksm=8b42080dbc35811be03695d8e1c5e8232dcdfdbb9aaf81ce7310146c72cd1d155786c0ffa536&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=5&sn=3b803df13109904d2c176783a597b5ec&chksm=8b42080dbc35811be03695d8e1c5e8232dcdfdbb9aaf81ce7310146c72cd1d155786c0ffa536&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PR】江苏省镇村布局规划中自然村界定研究 —基于乡村发展溯源及江苏自然村特征分析的启示</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=3&sn=97c7253600108a77e4d081a2e2a6b3d9&chksm=8b42085cbc35814adf47a35c6e9280daf2d229dfa1a0f11fb4baf1ea4c2509840dcc1697c0fd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=3&sn=97c7253600108a77e4d081a2e2a6b3d9&chksm=8b42085cbc35814adf47a35c6e9280daf2d229dfa1a0f11fb4baf1ea4c2509840dcc1697c0fd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=1&sn=2d7cb9d71f9f5cf372d99391e39d8756&chksm=8b42085cbc35814af8da8b48db2aaebe96da21b66858be950a52e2cea6add58c1571ef6e2716&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=1&sn=2d7cb9d71f9f5cf372d99391e39d8756&chksm=8b42085cbc35814af8da8b48db2aaebe96da21b66858be950a52e2cea6add58c1571ef6e2716&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【系列专版1】人本规划视角下城市更新制度设计的解析及优化</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; 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