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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px; padding-top: 1.3em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 30%; margin-right: 30%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 30px; height: 30px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important;"><section style="width: 22px; height: 22px; margin: 2px; border: 2px solid rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 16px; margin: 1px auto auto; border: 1px solid rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin: 1px auto auto; border-left-width: 12px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-bottom-width: 12px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方“”可订阅哦！</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.541176); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 15px 10px 25px; border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: -30px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66);">近十年我国进入了养老事业的高速发展期，出现了多种类型的养老社区。“全龄化”养老社区作为其中的一种，是普<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通城市社区与一般养老社区的融合和进化，是既照顾老人生理又顾及老人心理安慰的人性化养老社区模式。作者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司总工程师刘凌雯，中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司沈丽君，吕晓在《规划师》2016年第10期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文章通过分析当前我国养老社区发展的主要模式与存在问题，从总体布局、住宅布局和配套设施布局三个方面研究养老社区的规划布局，并对其模式、内容和所占比例进行了论证与明确，以期为相关规划工作提供参考。</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 30px; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cyyN1PXXlwlzvBzG0uswS5lhkfjibPibvReVXSofWVBRqLvtnuPzvHzkREKYC5Jr8yThMlM3wqoRibBPVicHYHeCNA/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 20em; height: 3em; line-height: 3.2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/amZcPMFaafy0iaDAT0iav99rtiabd0YWiczk7SBOcWIKuMdoFrzibk00dtL9SazrnQgKnweicnzR8YmrVPMPxCCEwQIA/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“全龄化”养老社区规划布局</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(219, 109, 109); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">总体布局</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“全龄化”养老社区因包含不同服<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">务人群，从空间上自然形成了不同的组</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">团。从老年人的特殊需求考虑，这种布</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">局有利于基本配套服务设施的均等化、各</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组团的独立管理，以及有利于对不同生理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">阶段的老年人进行空间隔离，避免互相干</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">扰。通过分析国内已建成的“全龄化”养</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老社区，发现其占地规模普遍较大(表2)，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">且多根据服务人群的不同形成多个一般</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居住组团和养老组团。从各组团之间的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">联系看，其组合方式可分为中心式、带</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">状式和自由式三种类型(表3)。目前，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">我国的养老社区建设运用较多的是中心式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组团布局模式，主要是将老年配套服务设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施与社区公共配套设施组合在一起。其最</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大优势是使养老组团居民最大化地享受社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区配套设施，有利于社区配套的集约化，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能够让老年人更多地融入社会活动中。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUt8bGt6RJKqKX6IMlNiaibY2l1BvpaLZFrIDO8sgnTmhsia5TIfGPgQpKrg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.25625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUt22pCZ2GnRPl5vLDhbWchuDn6mcbMLBvdyg44RPy5hJh2MRbhgISS5Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6421875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">同时，为了建立邻里间的信任感和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">归属感，在养老社区的建设中应对组团</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口规模进行控制。一般而言，养老组</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">团的规模应比普通居住组团的规模要小。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">普通居住型、自理型养老组团宜为1000</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">～3000人；半护理型养老组团因需要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">配备专业的配套设施和服务人员，规模</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不宜过大，宜为150～500人。根据《老</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年人养护院建设标准》，老年养护院的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设规模以床位面积确定建筑面积，分为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">100 ～ 500 床五档，规模大于 500 床应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分点设置，因此全护理型养老组团宜控制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在 100 ～ 500 人，一般取下限 ( 表 4)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUtIJjJssFToWPArPWt298ibUfVJiaicaCcIztR1icJVWRHR5S0I64Crk7DDA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.2546875" data-w="640"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-left: -0.45em; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(219, 109, 109); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">住宅布局</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）住宅类型分类</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“全龄化”养老社区作为城市未来<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主要的养老社区模式，在总体规模上应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与普通居住区无异。对应自理型、半护</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">理型及全护理型老人，在住宅类型上可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分为普通住宅和适老化住宅、养老公寓、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">颐养院四类住宅类型。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">①普通住宅对应自理型老人，为一<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">般城市住宅，但也应满足老年人日常安全</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">出行的需求，同时进行必要的适老设计。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">②适老化住宅对应自理型老人，可<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分为老少户住宅、老年人专用住宅两类。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老少户住宅指同楼层相邻，或单元上下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">层相邻的两套住宅；老年人专用住宅指</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对普通住宅中的一部分或全部套型进行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">适老化设计。其中，考虑共同购房的经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">济性，老年人住宅面积不宜过大，以50</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">～ 60m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的一居室、两居室为主。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">③养老公寓是针对老年人的特殊需<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">求设计的住宅类型，主要针对自理型和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">半护理型老人。养老公寓分为产权制和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">会员制两类，多为2～4人一户，应在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">户型面积、配套设施方面提供多种选择，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">满足老年人的不同消费层次需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">④颐养院是专为护理型老人设计的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">全天候照料型住所，完全由开发企业持</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有，配置完善的医疗设施和专业护理人员，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以床位数计算，一般不少于100个床位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）住宅类型比例</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">由于国内对“全龄化”养老社区的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">概念还比较模糊，在养老社区的规划建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设中仍存在对半护理型、全护理型住宅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的配置比例过低的问题，有些仅在社区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的外围设置一栋含养老配套和住宅的综</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">合楼，就将全社区称为养老社区，这显</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">然是不合适的。在养老社区中，针对老</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年人配置的住宅产品要占多大比例较为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">合适？对此，可借鉴比我国早几十年进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">入老龄化社会的西方国家的经验。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">相关资料显示，在美国目前的养老<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">机构中，护理床位设置的合理比例为5%</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">～8%，一般为5%。例如，美国太阳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城的自理型、半护理型和全护理型养老</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组团中老年人口所占比例分别为80%、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">13%、7%。护理型养老组团的人口比例</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">均高于我国“9073”的养老格局。对比</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">国内比较成功的“全龄化”养老社区，如</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">杭州良渚文化村，其养老组团“随园嘉树”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可容纳人口占社区总人口的6.7%。因此，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">借鉴国外经验并结合我国实际情况，建议</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在“全龄化”养老社区中，养老组团人口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">占社区总人口的5%～15%为宜(表5)。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在养老组团的布局上，应尽量靠近社区中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">心配套设置，避免设于社区外围边缘地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">带，使老年人在最大化地享受社区服务的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">同时，能够更好地融入社区生活。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUtPWpfn3LtTm0VIRLUaShg997gMicHticRcJ5Vy71NKoq4ruicVPTYTdBqg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.2484375" data-w="640"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-left: -0.45em; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 0px 2px 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(219, 109, 109); line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">配套设施布局</p></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）配套设施比例</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">根据规范，城市社区中与老年人日<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">常活动相关的配套设施仅有小型商业和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居民健身设施，公共配套设施占比仅为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">5%～15%；对比国内大型养老社区，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发现其配套设施占比普遍在15%以上，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这部分设施不仅服务于社区内的老年人，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">同时对外开放，以弥补城市养老配套设施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的不足。因此，“全龄化”养老社区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共配套设施占比应有所提升，控制在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">15% 以上。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）配套设施布局半径</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">根据老年人的日常生活习惯，其活<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动范围可分为基本生活活动圈和扩大邻</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">里活动圈。基本生活活动圈是老年人日常</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">使用频率最高和停留时间最长的地域范</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">围，按照老年人5分钟步行距离计算，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">其辐射半径一般为180～220m；扩大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">邻里活动圈是老年人长期生活和活动的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间，应包括社区内主要的配套服务设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施，其辐射半径不宜大于老年人步行10</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分钟的疲劳极限距离(约450m)。因此，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“全龄化”养老社区中各养老组团距离</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">基本配套服务设施、社区绿地的步行距</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">离不应大于180m，距离社区服务设施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的最大步行距离不应大于450m。考虑</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到社区中点到点的距离并非直线距离，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">应对该数据作一定折减。根据道路交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">绕行系数(一般为1.5～1.7)，则距离应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分别为 120m、300m。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUtjhTwFHMXIZgPrIWbnh1fic17p4obdEYiaTUhIhWSYwRmhYwPRIicDicyBg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.0646067415730338" data-w="356"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在此基础上，所有设施的配置和布<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">局应遵循以下三项基本原则：①紧凑化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">原则。对养老社区中类似功能、体量或</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">使用频率较低的用地应进行相邻或复合</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化设置。②灵活化原则。设施的配置应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">视具体情况进行调整，如体育健身、活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动场地等“全龄化”设施可合并设置，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">其内部根据不同人群的需要再进行细分；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">医疗设施的布局应视周边情况综合确定，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如周边已有大型综合医院，社区内可减</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">少医疗设施用地，为居民开设绿色通道。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">③人性化原则。关注老年人的心理需求，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">满足其需要安全感、归属感和私密感，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以及喜欢孩子的心理特点，设置更多的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">休息交往空间，部分可与亲子游乐空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共同设置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）不同配套设施的布局</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">不同养老组团的老年人对配套设施<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的需求不同，对不同配套设施的使用频</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">率也有所不同。针对自理型、半护理型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">及全护理型养老组团中老年人的需求，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本文将社区配套设施分为社区级和组团</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">级，包括医疗康复、文化体育、休闲娱乐、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生活服务和基础教育设施五大类，并对其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分项设施需求由强到弱提出三种配置建议</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">(表6)。其中，社区级设施应相对集中地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设置于社区中心位置，基础教育设施可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">相对布置于外围以对接城市交通，医疗</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">康复设施尽量靠近老年组团，减少对其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">他组团的干扰。组团级设施应根据各阶段</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">老年人需求的强弱，有选择性地进行多点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">布局。因此，根据上文得出的150m和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">450m的布局半径，组团级设施中的需</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">求较强型设施应尽量布局于老年人150m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">步行范围内，社区级设施应布局于老年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人 450m 步行范围内。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhsaX5eqcibQKibggl2kBzoUtzLOicP1IIc3RpxndWOVic7Cd4fnNraI9d8icymRYjEr7dcuMmIPK2hnbA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.4989690721649485" data-w="485"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-left: -0.45em; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cyyN1PXXlwlzvBzG0uswS5lhkfjibPibvReVXSofWVBRqLvtnuPzvHzkREKYC5Jr8yThMlM3wqoRibBPVicHYHeCNA/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; 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