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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-left: 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: -2em; margin-left: -0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(142, 201, 101); border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2015年度全国优秀城乡规划设计一等奖</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-left: 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: -2em; margin-left: -0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(142, 201, 101); border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px;">项目地点：吉林省白山市长白县</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-left: 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: -2em; margin-left: -0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(142, 201, 101); border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px;">项目规模：2505.96平方公里</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-right: -3px; margin-left: -3px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);"></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); border-left-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 550px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>规划背景与构思</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -3px; margin-right: -3px; width: 6px; height: 6px; float: right; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">长白县是全国唯一的朝鲜族自治县，坐落于长白山下、鸭绿江畔，与朝鲜两江道首府惠山市隔江相望。作为国家主体功能区划中明确划定的“长白山生态功能区”的成员，多年来长白县的发展受制于多方面因素，社会经济发展水平落后于吉林省平均水平。2012年底，基于长白县申报国家重点边境开发开放试验区的契机，规划团队受当地政府委托，深入长白县的城镇和乡村，为长白县现状发展困境把脉，力图探寻边境山区城镇实现“新型城镇化”的空间路径，为长白县未来寻求生态驱动、转型发展的广阔空间。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5Jic2GwM131mhzXyK2o6hzwOcib3f7BaPcb4RTficWNMHm8TfPbNy7rpibQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.69765625" data-w="1280" style="width: 556px;"  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1：长白县在中朝边境的区位</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">本次城乡发展规划从中国沿边开发开放的整体空间格局入手，放眼于长白县全域空间，提炼出“边境、民族、生态、资源”四大核心优势，反思了长白县的现实困境在于丰富资源与滞后结构之间的矛盾，并细分为失衡的城乡人居结构、滞后的传统产业结构、闭锁的区域交通结构和阻滞的区域生态结构四大主要矛盾。规划因此将生态环境保护置于绝对优先地位，提出“生态文明是长白县后发式发展的核心竞争力”，以核心优势的凸显逐步带动解决各方面发展矛盾的总体思路；同时，在国家级开发开放试验区的政策激励下，认为“开发开放是长白县跨越式发展的历史性机遇”；而“城乡统筹是长白县可持续发展的战略性保障”，三者紧密结合，全面指导了长白县的发展方向和工作重心，并由此确定长白县的发展目标为“国家级边境地区山地生态文明示范区”。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5hbOib13cpTWISpiaxosn9ppTFLVC0UWoMwSHH8CptUoun8qK2WH8lpAw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280" style="width: 556px;"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px;">图2：长白县域空间发展结构</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-right: -3px; margin-left: -3px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);"></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); border-left-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 550px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="line-height: 28px;">规划创新点与主要内容</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">从边境城市演进的历史规律判断长白发展的阶段、特点和策略</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">边境城市的发展具有与一般城市不同的历史规律和特征。由于特殊的区域背景，长白县作为边境城市的功能始终停留在跨境物资的简单输入和输出这两方面。边境城市的角色并未对城市的产业升级和社会经济发展带来直接而明显的推动作用。本次规划认为长白县正处于边贸型城市——边境城市发展的普遍阶段，而未来是否能够从周边同质城市中突围，向综合性边境中心城市转型，将取决于长白县是否能够通过战略导向的宏观部署，以新木桶理论为依据，有效地扬长避短，实践正确的发展战略。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">同时，基于国家级边境重点开发开放试验区的政策利好，规划借鉴自由贸易区的实施政策和理念，对长白开发开放试验区的体制机制构建进行了全面的构想，提出了开发开放试验区发展的演进阶段和政策要求，并配套提出了相应的政策实施重点和空间布局构想，从而完整描绘了长白县作为边境城市的发展脉络和未来图景。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">从跨国区域合作的地理维度分析长白发展的未来情景</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">受制于多变的外部环境，中朝边境线的社会经济发展和空间布局长期以来并未得到足够的重视。本次规划对中朝边境的沿线城镇进行了全面分析，梳理了鸭绿江和图们江对周边城镇的组织和串联功能，提出了鸭绿江-图们江三大跨国城镇群的空间组织结构。中朝边境城镇组织的特点是以大量中小型城镇为节点，组成了三个规模较为一致、发展程度不一的跨国城镇群。在南北两个城镇群日渐成形的背景下，中部城镇群的构建则尚显乏力。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5ibbYdYLoTWN2ghRzcszz8o4pxSaRGfvxO26CG41x5vEluFdZd2Xm5YA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.825" data-w="1280" style="width: 556px;"  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3:鸭绿江-图们江跨国城镇群构想</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"> </p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">规划认为中部城镇群的主体是中国的白山与通化两市以及朝鲜的两江与慈江两道。而长白县城与朝鲜两江道首府惠山市区隔江相望，是中朝边境空间距离最为密切的两个地区首府城市。因此长白县被列为国家级边境开发开放试验区，正是着眼于其特殊的地理区位，将可能成为未来中朝边境中部城镇群的桥头堡，与朝鲜惠山市形成无缝连接的跨国“双子城”，全面带动中朝边境中部城镇群的发展。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"> </p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">从人居环境生态适宜性分析出发，构建长白县生态安全格局</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">人居环境生态适宜性分析是以选择生态敏感地区适合人居环境布局的空间，区分并划定生态保护区域为目标的生态分析方法。本次规划通过对坡度、高程、地质条件、植被分布、水系等因子的综合分析，构建了多目标、多层级的人居环境适宜性评价体系。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP57c5ALfcFzW98cb66vcgyy0Qh5nJicn7TGOP6FFtw8MpeknHvgxPMO4w/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.37090558766859344" data-w="1038" style="width: 556px;"  /><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 4：长白县域人居环境生态适宜性规划（左：宏观层面；右：中观层面）</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">同时，人居环境生态适宜性分析支撑了县域生态安全格局的构建。规划结合生态干扰分析构建生态功能分析矩阵，实现了以生态协调区、生态保育区、生态修复区、生态缓冲区Ⅰ、生态缓冲区Ⅱ为标准的县域生态功能区划，提炼出“一极、两带、两片、五廊、八点”的生态安全格局结构。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP51nufbvtib1X7Xic2R8xBQDnXeBvfClf0ibqiaucEQUklLlYQIj88bhbrrg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280" style="width: 556px;"  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5：长白县域生态安全格局规划</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">最终，以最优网络模式为目标，对以上结构中的关键性生态空间进行全面的生态网络识别、修复、补充与完善，形成了包含人居活动集中区、三级生态廊道、二级生态缓冲区和三级生态功能空间的完整生态安全格局，成为后续各系统规划分析的基础和前提。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"> </p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">基于产业生态链和开发开放格局的产业发展规划</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">长白县的产业发展则抓住生态敏感地区和边境城市的区位特征，明确生态和边贸两大核心关键词，通过产业生态链的重构，分别向上游和下游进行产业链的延伸，凝聚比较优势和竞争优势，构建可持续的特色产业生态网络。规划依据对朝鲜开发开放的阶段性情景分析，提出了产业发展的阶段性目标，即在近期以产业升级为主导，逐步弱化与生态功能区要求相悖的传统优势产业，并通过技术改造和创新，推动相关产业的生态化转型；而核心支柱型产业则在近期范围内进行产业整合和空间集聚，并在远期通过二三产融合，形成四大产业集群，形成4+2+X的产业体系战略构架。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5Et9iczvwiad5GianT8s0AVYpRD5gtRhPHJG9A6lYVGSMWC8nqqc5AYYzA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.377" data-w="1000" style="width: 556px;"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6：长白县产业发展体系规划</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">同时，规划应用产业生态学原理，以发展循环经济、构筑生态产业群落为根本，与人居环境生态适宜性分析相协调，形成产业发展与生态环境互相协调的产业空间格局。最终以长白县生态网络格局的规划为基底，综合交通、基础设施等因素，形成 “两核、三心、五区、多点”的产业空间结构。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5R2E9MkzmmC3tP6kRGCBXBEzic2pGoGnnO4mCX4QicH9U03Q1RWVIKcDg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图7：长白县产业空间布局规划</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">引入恢复生态学理论，优化长白县城乡人居体系</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">长白县城乡人居体系规划的创新在于在传统规划体系中融入了恢复生态学的分析逻辑，将城乡人居体系规划与生态恢复与重建融合的关键分解为生态服务功能的恢复、生态网络格局的重建和生态工程技术的应用三个方面。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">规划针对长白县123个村庄建立了综合发展潜力评价体系，将评价基准从传统的人口、经济、设施等扩展为生态适宜性水平、自然资源水平、人口与经济水平、交通与区位条件、空间与建设水平以及未来可预见的外部因素等五个方面，从而整合评价得到每个村庄最终评分。现状村庄由此划分为生态恢复型、控制改造型、中心服务型、产业配套型和融入城镇型5类，除生态恢复型村庄将逐步实施生态移民外，剩余村庄形成“集镇-中心村-基层村”3个层次的村庄人居体系等级结构。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">规划对中心村的选择在村庄发展潜力的基础上，考虑了生态网络的重建，不仅提出对生态廊道和生态功能空间的避让，并优先布局在人居环境生态适宜性较好区域的中心地区，以便接纳区域的生态服务功能。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP51c4rb7PE2R8uGaZucTKzfCwDIjOYc8vFrY7q6rwft3SZKpAEicXPicXw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图8：长白县城乡人居体系发展策略规划</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">最后，规划依据村庄的生态特征将其划分为沿江型、岗上型和沟谷型村庄三个类型。在此基础上，与村庄人居体系划定的五类发展方向类型共同构成了村庄发展导引的分类矩阵，形成了共含有15个子类的村庄发展策略类型框架。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">构建最优生态网络，实践绿色基础设施规划</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">.</span><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">宏观性生态规划的实现有赖于绿色基础设施的技术支撑，尤其是在生态适宜性一级区域，通过绿色基础设施的布局形成微观尺度上的最优生态网络，避免人居环境的密集对周边生态产生破坏性影响。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">长白县的绿色基础设施包含绿色篱笆与绿色海绵两套相辅相成的系统，并在生态廊道基础上加以细化。规划根据不同地区的环境现状配置不同类型的绿色篱笆和绿色海绵类型，分别分为沟谷型、沿江型和岗上型绿色篱笆以及居民点型、沟谷型绿色海绵。以沟谷型绿色篱笆为例，其主要位于河流两侧坡地，阻隔坡向水土流失，防治农业生产污染；沟谷型绿色海绵与沟谷型绿色篱笆结合，实现雨洪调蓄、补给篱笆用水、连接绿色篱笆、创造小型生境以及控制河流污染的作用。两者集结成网，与沟谷边缘的生态廊道有机结合，构建山体、水系与居民点之间的生态缓冲空间，保障生态廊道的功能完善，进一步优化人居环境的生态安全。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5uxq0iaxKnYZx6ER6iasMicW963RmiaASWjNckdEyJq6kpDsPNCVibWPP4icg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px;">图9：长白县绿色篱笆系统布局规划</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"> </p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5ibRlia917E2Alvxwty4bRopiaStvfQicWOCfWEvx9rsia39PmTtWNiaQQhDQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7671875" data-w="1280"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px;">图10：沟谷型绿色篱笆示意及下崴子村绿色篱笆系统规划</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 541px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.666em; border: 1px solid; color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 19.2px; display: inline-block; float: left; width: 1.33em; height: 1.33em; line-height: 1.33em; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</section></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 513.938px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; width: 482.156px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(61, 167, 66);">依托生态风险评价（ERA），优化空间管制规划</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">规划在基于生态风险评价结果的基础上，形成以土地利用总体布局为核心的空间规划对策。其中，生态安全格局规划与空间管制规划关系密切，实现管制要求的控制体系可以用特定的生态风险准入规定实现。针对不同生态风险等级的片区实行差异化的空间管制策略，区分管制中的刚性与弹性，从而实现区域的生态安全格局构建和空间总体布局的引导。</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">在长白县人居环境生态适宜性和用地适建性评价的基础上，通过对现状生态干扰度分析与生态适宜性评价结果分别分级赋值进行矩阵叠加分析，得出生态风险评价结果，包括低、较低、中等、较高、高风险区域共5级，是县域空间管制的重要依据。最终规划形成禁止建设区、限制建设区、优化发展区和重点发展区共4种生态空间管制分区类型，并制定相应的土地利用优化策略和空间管制要求。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5PlCevmQrB0gz58Ha8hiaqnKFvZMOy5WqUKEE78WibLicTcHnMPrN3AStQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.753125" data-w="1280"  /><br  /><span style="line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px;">图11：长白县空间管制规划</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-right: -3px; margin-left: -3px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);"></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); border-left-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); width: 550px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="line-height: 28px;">规划实施</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.75em;">2013 年6 月，《长白县城乡发展规划》在长春市通过了由吉林省政策研究室主持的专家评审，来自北大、中国中医药大学以及吉林省各主要职能部门的专家和领导给予了一致好评，并逐渐在以下两方面体现出积极的社会影响：</span><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">首先，本次规划影响了多个同层面规划，有力推进了长白县的各项实际工作。最重要的一项就是协助编写《长白国家级边境重点开发开放试验区实施方案》，推动长白县最终于2013年12月得到国务院审批，正式成为中国第四个国家级边境重点开发开放试验区。2014年，长白县又被列入了全国进行市县主体功能区规划的试点名单，随后编制的《长白县主体功能区规划》同样以本次规划为基础，实现了长白县在开发开放试验区规划、主体功能区规划和城乡发展规划这三大规划上的协调一致。目前，本团队正在编制《长白县城市总体规划（2014-2030）》，并配合发改委“十三五规划”的编制，从而实现在长白县的“多规协调”。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;">其次，本次规划引领了长白县城乡规划体系的建立。规划完成后，《长白县城市总体规划（2014-2030）》、各镇控规和重点村庄规划陆续编制，正在将规划思路贯彻在法定规划体系中。长白县的城乡规划体系以此为开端，正在逐步地建立和完善。</p><section style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.8em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="width: 530.406px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5GyhRN1ibicNZXqCB39a3YKwoe2BqZZNw4y4zqWMsFpnJw4WtQamqicLPQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="96" style="margin-left: -0.8em; box-sizing: border-box; width: 3.6em;"  /> </p><section class="" style="margin-top: -3.2em; margin-bottom: -2.8em; padding: 8px; box-shadow: rgba(159, 160, 160, 0.498039) 0px 0px 10px; width: 530.406px; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 514.406px; float: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">项目负责人：彭震伟教授</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">团队成员：王云才、高璟、陆嘉、崔莹、吕东、李鹏、孔祥萍、仇昕晔、石腾飞、邓潇潇、邹琴、傅文、瞿奇等</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 530.406px; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWBx2ZCiczR1qspGPibn91hYP5tIURAU85J72cScrcfYP7feHHTbTqpH3d2ibMib3vbyvo2R0XfQg5sicGA/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="96" style="margin-right: -0.8em; box-sizing: border-box; width: 3.6em; text-align: start;"  /></section></section></section></section><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-top-style: dashed; border-top-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(189, 189, 189); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></fieldset><p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: normal;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/E4LhH9HickWCRsLAzE9IJSvln2CVyiaY32VMvKJ9EmSOz0a5MYDQMVCz8bJFaCayL1D0OQNZoYDXjr63U2vwbW2w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.0763888888888888" data-w="1152"  /></p><p><br  /></p>
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