国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%; width: 24px; float: left; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%; width: 24px; float: right; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; color: transparent; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); border-radius: 6px; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; margin: -13px 3px; padding: 12px;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">【北京·国际城市观察站】是由北京市城市规划设计研究院规划研究室为主建立的研究小组，旨在追踪世界前沿、推广国际经验，深入比较北京和其他国际大城市规划实践，为规划师和各级政府部门服务，关注领域涵盖大城市治理、空间规划、可持续交通、生态环境等。我们致力于：第一手资料+第一时间推送+第一流的分析总结。我们的平台是开放的，期待与国内外同行建立广泛的合作关系。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%; width: 24px; float: left; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%; width: 24px; float: right; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-right-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者：王亮，北京市城市规划设计研究院高级工程师</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(32, 31, 27); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">导读：伦敦是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的首都，欧洲最大的城市。伦敦的不仅是英国的代表，也是西方文明现代化发展的集中体现。伦敦的发展不仅是英国的晴雨表，也是世界经济发展的重要指征。英国的全国性普查每10年进行一次，最新一次的人口普查是2011年的数据。数据对人口和就业、经济发展情况、公共设施和绿色空间、交通建设、城市用地等进行了较为全面的详查。下面利用普查数据，对伦敦城市发展进行全面的解读。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、关于伦敦</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦位于英格兰东南部的平原上，跨泰晤士河。伦敦的行政区划分为伦敦城和32个市区，伦敦城外的12个市区称为内伦敦，其它20个市区称为外伦敦。伦敦城、内伦敦、外伦敦构成大伦敦市。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHWBLPvyoUT0OmibtRyMviaianeggNWia5lLZcBIWR2yNbfopSbObzs6IF8w/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.2484076433121019" data-w="628"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHDA2Jwr0qxrG9qibibNVVNEp1icibDEmGhebY5Q8zHN2LtXgViaLbOlyOzFg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.7609375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 大伦敦地区行政区划示意图</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 19.2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、人口和就业</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2001年-2011年大伦敦人口增加了100万人，其中伦敦市变化不大，内伦敦增加了约50万人。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">表2 2001年和2011年大伦敦人口普查数据对比</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHMVoBnqYia6Qt3HshZdATyv77P1OT4lIh5J3BEooSRLLsTvxww0Vial6w/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.4296875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">从人口密度来看，呈典型的核心-边缘结构，内伦敦人口最大。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHWicILftEYR7IpqsFC6sDaicvhK27OewyDW9y80zgHsmxqpoyRibD1OyBg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" class="" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.725" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 大伦敦地区人口密度分布情况示意图</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦人口结构呈伞状，老龄化趋势严重；20-40岁工作年龄人口比重最高。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHAQfwia7Vc9BapaibiaJQnl4HBgXCpc9WXuVgiccrdGJkWicd1GzxOsjsLZw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.6092592592592593" data-w="540"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦地区就业自1990年代以来经历了新的增长。从细分门类来看，农林业、制造业、运输仓储和通讯业就业减少；服务业、公共事业、采掘业就业人口增加，特别是金融服务、商务服务增长最快。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHmfnMbr0MXeicBxtSiacHoAUibmm7gkrPwiaicxWfwf8DElu05Rfwbw9Dz8w/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.5921875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIH5ROQOa2xXWfwCMNglFjzicVDRdxok5a16MkI2MVBaTjOcuyFDICI0Jg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.6724683544303798" data-w="632"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5 大伦敦地区分行业就业增长情况，1971-2007年<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">表3 2001年和2011年大伦敦地区就业普查数据对比<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHnTBZSRvV0Qbv4JVlPVEr0SrpOnRM9EEuIiaLziaL9wicQAibZqkYUfRfTw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.1494252873563218" data-w="522"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、经济发展</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦地区是英国经济的主要核心地带，贡献了英国21.9%的经济产出（2011年）。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">从近年来英国的增长情况来看，除2010年大伦敦地区增速略低于英国其他地区以外，其他年份伦敦经济增长一直保持全英领先地位，2007年-2011年大伦敦地区增长了12.4%，居英国首位。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在全球金融危机影响最严重的2009年，大伦敦的经济衰退情况也是全英国最低的。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHIualTTvVfAmicrGfMiapnRNE51UWMPp0fPG8fnzdXfba1iaqjU2YGmUxA/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.360759493670886" data-w="632"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6 2007-2011年英国各区域经济增长情况</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">2011年大伦敦地区经济总量为2866亿英镑 ，是2001年1758亿英镑 的1.63倍，年均增速为5.0%；其中，2011年内伦敦地区地区1954亿英镑，占整个伦敦地区的68.2%，年均增速5.6%。从各行业产值比例来看，金融保险业占20.1%、专业科学及技术活动占11.7%、IT占9.1%、批发零售贸易和机动车修理占8.1%，这四个行业共占全部行业的49.1%。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIH4WftrePAnK6amBPYic1S0PicicAIBuUDdjGibLQU8Tr5ByjUyRNzicMEkng/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.9044585987261147" data-w="471"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图7 经济总量发展情况</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIH9Q8flfas0nXVczWITyEKrDv7XqFT1QjVEhuVFibZJe6gFyibfCKsiadXg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.6650082918739635" data-w="603"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图8 各行业的经济贡献率</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 19.2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、公共空间和基础设施</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦地区的绿色隔离空间面积、美术馆、博物馆、图书馆、剧院和音乐类演出场次处于稳定状态。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">表4 2001年和2011年大伦敦地区基础设施普查数据对比</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHKfMe9PDv0ZtPib7bRZHGMs3k4yjtYrPscQYrCaxSIvqDkUFEgUtp4qQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.911522633744856" data-w="486"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦地区汽车保有量10年增长了5万辆，没有汽车的家庭增多，同时拥有2辆以上汽车的家庭也增多，汽车保有呈现两极分化趋势。通勤方式来看，使用公共交通、自行车、步行上班的人增多；自驾、摩托车、拼车、的士等方式的人减少。伦敦地铁平均站距为1.5公里，2011年运量为11.7亿人次（合日运量320万人次）。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">表5 2001年和2011年大伦敦地区交通设施对比</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHCAZSX6k5RKcvcmwtjbMwvgJ1z98nqZbTGbMN6dYiboc22YeG32cIXEg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.443864229765013" data-w="383"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 19.2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、城市用地</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">大伦敦地区的绿地占比最高，为38.2%，此外住宅花园用地占23.8%，住宅用地占8.7%，非住宅用地占4.7%。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIHxNdqABvZ4sCiaXaGewicxibibNZ2PCVDBiaDLKa39OEjUJGgUK6DwgT6daQ/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.6421875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图9 2011年大伦敦地区城市用地分类情况示意</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(95, 156, 239), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 19.2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">六、总结</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦作为英国的首都，在英国占据着举足轻重的地位。无论人口增长、经济产出、劳动力结构、就业增长、平均工资水平、房价等都居全国首位。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMjkZ1FsRkKk3CVnBSN1yIH2MjAge7nJFUl6VS9NlFc9HMR6px041HgHncicgCQ5PNhBrG7ALGPctQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" class="" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="2.015" data-w="600"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">图10 伦敦各项指标和全英国及其他地区的对比<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">从2001年到2011年十年间的发展可以看出几个发展趋势，<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">值得北京借鉴</span>。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">一是大伦敦地区的人口仍处于增长状态，并且内伦敦地区的增长更为显著。其中，20-40岁就业年龄段人口呈现持续增长。<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">这说明人口和就业是城市保持竞争力的重要因素之一。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">二是从就业情况来看，尽管制造业就业人口显著下降，但与城市生产生活紧密相关的水电煤气供应、建筑业等工业领域就业人口显著上升。<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">这说明，尽管城市进入后工业化时代，产业结构需要逐步优化提升，但是服务城市本地发展、与城市生产生活密切相关的工业领域仍是不可或缺的重要组成部分。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">三是从经济功能发展方面来看，近十年伦敦贡献了全英国约22%的经济增长，其中主要的经济贡献来源于内伦敦地区的增长。<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">这说明，经济功能的中心地区集聚是市场发展的客观规律。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">四是从交通出行结构和基础设施建设方面来看，公共交通占人们出行的比重正逐步增加，并且尽管这十年来地铁里程和地铁站数量没有增加，但轨道交通运量在持续增加。<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">这说明交通的组织既需要完善的基础设施保障，也需在硬件组织和软件管理方面挖潜存量。</span></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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