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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAR65XWGHCT5PwTsxDURun8lS0zSJXmeaEjH8Fhfk1XibLnCibs23mZJjA/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAR65XWGHCT5PwTsxDURun8lS0zSJXmeaEjH8Fhfk1XibLnCibs23mZJjA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9409090909090909" data-w="220"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字快速关注</section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; padding: 10px; border: 4px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在“大众创业、万众创新”的浪潮中，众创空间蓬勃发展，对城市空间规划变革提出了新的挑战。作者<span style="line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">江苏省城市规划设计研究院</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">王晶</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，南京大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、博士生导师，南京大学城市规划设计研究院有限公司董事长</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">甄峰</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2016年第9期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文章从共享视角出发，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">认为众创空间本质上是以“共享”为核心的微型创新产业集群，通过资源共享来降低创新成本、集聚创新要素。文章结合国内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间发展趋势与实践，从区位选择、外部空间和内部空间三个层面考察了众创空间的共享特征与机制，在此基础上提出引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">入规划体系、发展社区众创空间、改造存量空间等规划策略。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KtJh01ARkic53NlmgplL6sjibl4FyuChuDicdh6NAetnjTSA3VWibppplJzaOUXH5MSPM9uRCrJz0sfic4YAoj33EJQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid white; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(254, 193, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(49, 37, 3); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的共享内涵解析</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(42, 118, 162); float: right; margin-top: -6px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 2px 3px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本质：微型创新产业集群</section></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间作为创新创业空间，通常<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">培育着数量众多的初创企业，承载创新、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研发和学习等以知识经济为特征的产业</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活动，因此在某种程度上也遵循着创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产业集群的内在逻辑。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">产业集群是由相互联系的企业、研<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究组织和中介机构组成的网络，网络的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成员集聚的目的是为了从互补资源和知</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">识联盟中获益 </span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。集群代表着一种能在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">效率、效益及柔韧性方面创造竞争优势</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的空间组织形式</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。而创新型产业集群</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内部的学习、合作更为频繁，通过非正</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">式交流促进创新，与科研组织、中介机</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">构等保持密切的联系</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">对比众创空间的性质和功能，笔者<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发现众创空间与创新产业集群的相似性，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间就像一个微型的创新产业集群，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">即通过获得专业化服务，促进创新企业</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的发展；通过整合各种创新主体和要素，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">形成创新网络。创新网络通过正式或非</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">正式的契约、信息流和社会关系等纽带</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与网络中的其他结点进行合作与交流，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共享新知识，逐步提高协同创新的能力</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对于创业者和初创企业来说，能够通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">接触不同和互补的资源及知识库来促进</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">协作创新，这一点是非常重要的。通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与集群内部或外部主体的合作，可以促</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进知识溢出和外部效应，降低创新活动</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中技术和市场的不确定性，提高创业成</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">功的可能性</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的集群属性不局限于空间<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内部，还呈现出向外部和区域延伸的趋</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">势。例如，很多众创空间都设有分店，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">并随着发展拓展到其他省市区域；北京、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上海成立了众创空间联盟组织；近100</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">家众创空间纳入了国家级科技企业孵化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">器的关联服务体系；众创空间通过集群</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">组织扩大影响力，在更大的范围集聚创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新资源；通过创新资源的共享优化配置，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进一步促进创新的发生。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 2px 3px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能：资源共享平台</section></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）经济性共享：通过物质资源共享<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">降低运营成本 </span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">从经济学理论出发，“共享经济”<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">主要利用了规模效应，进而趋向零边际</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成本</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。众创空间也利用了这一原理，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通过资源共享提高经济效率，降低创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成本。一般创业者在创业初期面临的首</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要问题就是成本，这也是众创空间吸引</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创业者的重要原因之一。一方面，初创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">企业的团队规模随时可能发生改变，众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创空间提供了一个相对弹性、可负担的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">办公租赁模式，降低了办公空间成本。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，众创空间也会以成本分担的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">形式添置某些昂贵的专业设备，如3D</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">打印机、激光切割器等，以降低办公设</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">施成本。通过共享办公场地和设施，众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创空间不仅降低了创业者的直接办公成</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">本，还降低了创业的风险，使初创企业</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能将更多的资源投入到创业活动本身。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）创造性共享：通过知识经验共享<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">促进创新与合作</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">共享经济的核心特征不在于“分享”，<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而在于人类社会经济中“合作”的扩展</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的创造性共享主要围绕知识溢</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出促进创新、社会资本促进合作两方面</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展开。弗里德曼认为知识溢出是促进集</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">群创新网络发展的最根本动力</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交流与学习，创新活动更容易发生, 创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新产品更容易被市场接受</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。众创空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的核心作用是社会资本的生产。一个在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间上孤立的企业或组织在每一项创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活动中，都将担负较大的交易成本，创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新将变得相当艰难</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。在众创空间，通</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">过开放的空间设计和多样化的活动安排，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">使创业者有机会相互分享知识、经验和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">技能；不同专业领域的团队可能达成合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">作；创业者与外部行业资源和市场也可</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以保持密切联系。因此，众创空间不但</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有利于知识流动、促进创新，而且有助</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于降低交易成本、促进合作。基于协同</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新网络，创业者们不仅可以形成竞合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">关系，互相激励，还可以通过战略联盟、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合资等方式结成利益共同体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）社群性共享：通过服务集聚共享<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">扶持创业 </span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">克鲁格曼研究发现，企业和产业的<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间集聚进一步促进了生产要素的集聚，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而不同行业和组织的加入也提升了集群</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的外部经济效应</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。众创空间通常提供</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一系列的专业化服务，如金融、财务、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">法律、人力、技术及推广等(图1)，通</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">过服务集聚有效降低创业门槛。众创空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间会定期开展创业指导培训，积极对接</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">媒体和风投机构，帮助创业者获得更多</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的外部可见性和投资机会，加速创业项</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">目的孵化；也有一些众创空间本身不提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供服务，而是通过中介平台引入多样化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的服务。专用性资源的集聚可以有效地</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">降低资源搜索和交易成本，提升了整个</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集群的市场竞争优势</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。如此，众创空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间通过集聚各种资源要素产生规模效应，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以吸引更优质的外部服务功能，并通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集聚优势降低成本。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAGWkuczkxhJjsrHcFbg5oanXKUf2IZibrDyQD66PhmOvcAfSzoSg1pIQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.6134259259259259" data-w="432"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KtJh01ARkic53NlmgplL6sjibl4FyuChuDicdh6NAetnjTSA3VWibppplJzaOUXH5MSPM9uRCrJz0sfic4YAoj33EJQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.8em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px dotted rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 15px 10px 25px; border-radius: 16px; margin-bottom: -30px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的空间共享特征与机制</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 30px; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">区位选择：创新要素的集聚与共享</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">英国经济学家克里斯托夫·弗里曼<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提出的创新系统理论强调创新的系统化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和网络化特征，指出创新的核心是知识</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的流动和创新互动。众创空间作为一个</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新系统，需要突出创新要素的流动、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集聚和共享。既有研究表明，与传统单</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一要素依赖产业相比，高新技术产业对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">智力资源和信息资源的依赖性更强，对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">资金、服务的需求更多，对环境质量的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要求也更高</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。因此，在区位选择上，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间一般表现为临近商务中心和临</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">近智力中心两种偏好。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)临近商务中心：共享创业资源与<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">服务。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">商务中心是城市高端生产性服务业<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的集中区域，众创空间临近商务中心布</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">局可以使得创业者及时对接创业所需的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">金融、法律等专业服务，更方便地与客户、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供应商和投资商等外部资源接触。此外，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">商务中心通常具备相对良好的交通和通</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">讯条件、丰富的信息资源、完善的周边</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">配套以及较高的环境品质，而这些对于</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新也是至关重要的因素</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。对创业者</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而言，交通便利可以节约时间成本，完</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">善的公共服务配套有助于提高生活质量，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">如北京的朝阳 CBD 和望京 CBD 都聚集</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了较多的众创空间 ( 图 2)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKATIy4icUGqIqs6BuM6sUsrbxVCfH9r7ictwXziapb7dwudjL811rCXmYuw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.8873720136518771" data-w="293"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)临近智力中心： 共享高校科研资源。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">智力中心指高校或科研机构相对集<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中的区域，该区域具有创新人才集聚、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">知识溢出显著等特点。技术研发是创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的源泉，由于地理邻近，众创空间为智</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力资源提供了良好的展示与实践平台，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">从而实现知识技术向创新产品的快速转</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">移。北京的中关村和上海的创智天地，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">都属于临近高校的高科技创新产业区，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">较早出现了众创空间并获得了良好的发</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展。以中关村创业大街为例，依托北京</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大学、清华大学和中科院等智力资源，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集聚了创业服务机构、投资机构40家，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">孵化创业团队近1800家，成为具有持</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">续创新能力的新型创新区域。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">外部空间：与城市其他功能空间</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">的融合共享</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市“催化”理论的提出者奥托认为：<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市不同功能可以相互激发，某种因素</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的加入可以激发产生连续反应的驱动力，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">激发城市多种功能的联动效应，带动城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市整体空间系统的功能整合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。与一般</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间的“排他性”不同，众创空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因其较小的体量、灵活的组织形式等，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一般会倾向于与城市其他功能空间融合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共享，并充分利用这些空间的特质形成</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">差异化的功能导向，对城市空间的整合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产生催化作用 ( 表 1)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAh0gJLicqywuG2Wd4B0EZIickoLGIkT9T1145VXUhBQ26VKjsgtIlGyhw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.39462809917355374" data-w="484"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)与“第三空间”共享：促进社会<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交往与协作创新。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">诸多众创空间都是以咖啡馆为原型<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">衍生而来的，如车库咖啡、3W咖啡等。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">雷·奥尔登堡将非正式公共聚集场所称</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为“第三空间”(The Third Space)，这</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">类空间兼具工作、休闲、交往和学习等</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">多重功能，具有信息密集性、功能多样性、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">流动性、共享性与空间弹性等特点</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因此具有发展成为众创空间的优势条件。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以咖啡馆为代表，“第三空间”不仅可</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以提供基本的商业休闲服务，还能满足</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">日常办公、商务会谈和线下活动等多样</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化的功能，并在此基础上为创业者提供</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创业服务支持。基于“第三空间”的众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创空间促进了更广泛、更深入的社会交</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">往，通过使创业者与其他外部人士面对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">面的互动，建立密切的社会联系，并基</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于此发展进一步的协作创新。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)与“居住社区”共享：根植于本<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地的社会创新平台。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在众创空间发展早期，出于成本低、<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区位条件好等因素，很多空间选址于居住</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区。对于早期创业者来说，创业已经成</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为他们日常生活的一部分，因此他们对于</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的功能需求也相对复杂，包括办公、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">线下活动、餐饮及住宿等。居住空间逐渐</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成为创业者的交往场所和社会要素流动的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">连接点，居住空间的流动性被不断加强</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">基于居住社区的众创空间一方面有助于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">职住平衡，协调工作与家庭的关系，另</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一方面也给城市中衰退的邻里中心注入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">新的生存活力，促进了本地创新产业的发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展，增强了社区活力。国外已有学者研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究了众创空间作为社会工程和行动主义</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">平台的可能性以及参与社区发展、影响当</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地经济的可行性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。“知识技术”可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">帮助政府有效振兴和更新衰退的社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在中国也出现了类似实践，成都清波社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以居民文化活动中心为载体建设社区创</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">客空间，利用社区文化优势孵化蜀绣、微</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">电影、服装设计和话剧表演等创意产业，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">致力于让空间成为居民创业创新的舞台。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)与“老旧厂房”共享：消极空间<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的创意改造。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在国内外已有实践中，众创空间也<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大量利用了城市的老旧厂房。厂房的大</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">跨度、大开间特征使之具备良好的改造</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">条件，可以形成复式、夹层等丰富多变</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的空间层次，有助于塑造充满活力的创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">意环境，满足知识型工作者和创意工作</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">者对于空间文化性、历史性及创意性的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">需求。老旧厂房的存量规划可以依托众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创空间的建设，发展科技研发、文化创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">意等创新创业项目，实现功能更新。对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市老旧厂房等消极空间的改造利用，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">不仅盘活了那些被遗忘的建筑，还显著</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">带动了周边区域的发展。2016年2月召</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开的国务院常务会议特别提出“加大政</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">策扶持，鼓励将闲置厂房、仓库等改造</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为双创基地和众创空间，对办公用房、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">水电、网络等设施给予补助”。深圳、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">福州等地也相继出台，将老旧厂房改造</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为众创空间的鼓励政策和建设计划。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(4)与“办公空间”共享：闲置办公<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间再利用。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">根据研究报告显示，截至2015年<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">12月，中国写字楼平均空置率为18%，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">沈阳、重庆、长沙等地甚至超过30%。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在去库存背景下，将传统办公空间改造为</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间是充分利用闲置资源的方式之</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一。众创空间也可以提升整个办公区域的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活力，促进企业之间的知识流动与合作。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有学者将众创空间称为“创新型房地产”，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这类物业在北美和欧洲的房地产市场出</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现泡沫以及随之而来的经济衰退浪潮中</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">依然保持增长态势</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。苏格兰政府通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“闲置房地产议案”、降低税费等手段，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励业主将空置办公空间改建为众创空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间。在中国，类似实践也在开展。2015</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">年哈尔滨开始鼓励企事业单位通过市场</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化手段将闲置办公用房改建成众创空间。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(5)与“高校空间”共享：促进科技<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成果转化。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">相比城市其他区域，高校具有显著<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的人才资源、技术团队和科研基础等方面</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的优势。国务院办公厅在《关于加快众创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间发展服务实体经济转型升级的指导意</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">见》中鼓励高校围绕优势专业领域建设众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创空间，充分利用大学科技园、工程(技</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">术)研究中心、重点实验室和工程实验室</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等创新载体，建设以成果转移转化为主要</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内容的众创空间。除了实验室，高校图书</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">馆也可与众创空间融合发展。德国图宾根</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大学和其他大学一起，开展了名为“混合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">图书馆”的活动，鼓励学生、老师与企业</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合作互动，扩大知识的边界，参与创新实</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">践。美国北卡罗莱纳大学建议在暑假期间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">将空置校舍改造为临时众创空间，鼓励学</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生进行协作创新和专业发展。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">内部空间：激励创新的开放共享</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">知识共享是高科技产业集群发展的<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">必要条件和持续创新的动力</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。集群中</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的经济行为主体通过大量的正式交易和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">非正式的交流增加信任、建立关系，促进</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">信息和知识的交流与互动</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。因此，在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间内部，开放共享空间是重要的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">构成要素。通过空间的共享来扩展知识</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共享和创新扩散的渠道，促进协作创新。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)办公空间：开放、弹性的流动<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的办公空间一般包括共享<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和独立两部分。共享部分作为主体，一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">般是开敞式、大开间的公共办公区域；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">会议室或接待室相对独立，但也会采用</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">玻璃等柔性隔断的形式保证空间的开放</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性。灵活、开放的空间布局可以营造良</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">好的办公氛围，促进信息流动和团队协</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">作，提高工作效率。对于创业者来说，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间基本上是创业初始阶段的过渡</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间，创业成功或失败后都会离开。因此，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间也需要适应创业的弹性特征，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通过采取灵活的空间设计、短期租赁等</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">方式，适应创业团队不同发展阶段的需</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">求；构建相对完善的办公基础设施和配</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">套专业服务，营造“即插即用”的工作</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 公共空间：多样化的社交空间。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间非常注重对咖啡吧、餐厅、<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">游戏区和活动区等公共空间的打造，以</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">增加成员之间非正式交流的可能性。非</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">正式交流能够丰富信息、知识和促进知</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">识创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。非正式交流也能够促进团队</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">协作，激发工作热情。多样化的公共空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间也承载了丰富的开放活动，如相对正</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">式的技术对接会、项目路演以及非正式</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的餐会、酒会等，促进了创业者与投资者、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">媒体等外部组织的社会交往，提高了创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业项目的外部可见性。在某些情况下，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的空间与活动也面向社会公众</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开放，实现了城市创新空间对整个周边</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地区的开放和共享</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的共享机制</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间在区位、外部空间和内部<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间三个尺度上实现了空间的共享，形</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成了整合资源、节约成本、促进创新的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新环，并以弹性灵活的方式与城市空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间深度嵌入和整合。众创空间的共享效</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">应在城市层面进一步促进了城市创新网</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">络的形成、城市存量空间的更新利用、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开放社交空间的增长，以此形成城市的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新氛围，并进一步促进众创空间的发</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展，形成良性的城市创新循环 ( 图 3)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAiaODMUV0j1M3lmIvbzNH2Kxq1Tg3RBqTDv17nXf1hhd6AK2VFsG62mg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5888429752066116" data-w="484"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KtJh01ARkic53NlmgplL6sjibl4FyuChuDicdh6NAetnjTSA3VWibppplJzaOUXH5MSPM9uRCrJz0sfic4YAoj33EJQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding: 2px 3px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaGJbZhO8B0K80SyWWJ9gZsSfAKjqjXr3ugfja7Z8PToE508anr6Uay0pDlGjFIq6TpROW4FM93dYVXBzMWbh4g/0?wx_fmt=gif); background-attachment: scroll; background-size: 100.733%; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat-y;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 1px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid transparent; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(249, 110, 87, 0.490196);"><section class="" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">共享理念下的众创空间规划策略</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-left: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; padding: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.1; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在城市各层级规划中</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">引入众创空间<span style="line-height: 0.91; box-sizing: border-box;">概念</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">随着“互联网+”时代的到来，城<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市功能分区将进一步模糊化，土地利用</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">更加兼容混合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。众创空间反映了信息</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">时代城市就业群体新的特点和需求，丰</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">富了城市创新创业空间的概念和类型。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在未来城市规划中，应有意识地促进这</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种创业空间或创新集群的发展。综上考</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">虑，在总规层面，应树立鼓励众创空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共享发展的策略导向；在控规层面，将</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间概念纳入用地兼容性的考虑范</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">畴；在城市设计层面，对众创空间的落</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地提供灵活、弹性的设计指引，充分考</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">虑与城市其他功能空间的融合共享。另</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">外，在进行城市中心区规划、旧城更新、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">高等院校和科教园区规划时可同步考虑</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间的发展需要。例如，在城市中</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">心综合开发中预留一定比例的商务空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">或居住空间作为众创空间，给予灵活的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">住房和创业孵化支持，供青年创业者和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">初创企业使用。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">将众创空间纳入</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市公共服务配置<span style="line-height: 0.91; box-sizing: border-box;">体系</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，众创空间具有高度的时空<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">灵活性，由于使用者处在不断变化中，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间也具有较强的组织流动性；另</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，众创空间通常包括办公、社交、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">休闲及居住等复合功能。众创空间的开</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">放性、流动性与功能混合性使之成为一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种类似于城市公共服务设施的存在。因</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此笔者认为，可以将众创空间视作未来</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市不可或缺的基本公共服务之一。在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">布局体系上，可以参照公共服务形成网</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">络化、层级化的布局体系，以促进创新</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集群的扩大化。但是，也要考虑到众创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的自身特性，区位选择要充分考虑</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新要素的集聚与共享。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.1; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励“生活圈”模下的</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区众创<span style="line-height: 0.91; box-sizing: border-box;">空间发展</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">众创空间不仅需满足创新创业需求，<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">还需满足多种日常生活服务需求。已有</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实践表明，众创空间存在促进社区经济</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发展的可能性，因此可以考虑建设社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">级的众创空间。参考“生活圈”模式，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以步行尺度为服务半径，建设集生产、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社交、休闲及教育等功能于一体的社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">综合服务空间。通过更加开放、包容的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">运营模式，向更广泛的社区居民群体开</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">放。社区众创空间适应当下多元化的生</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活方式，不仅提供了便利市民生活、促</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进社会交往的空间，还通过根植于本地</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的社会创新和社会化服务对周边社区乃</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">至城市产生积极的影响。最新发布的《上</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海15分钟生活圈规划导则》鼓励在社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">周边发展嵌入式创新空间，利用既有空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间资源发展科技创新或文化创意产业，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">激发社区创业活力。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</section></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.1; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">推进城市存量空间的众创改造计划</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在土地资源紧缺的背景下，存量空<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间改造具有重要的现实意义。将存量空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间改造为众创空间，不但促进了土地的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集约利用、提高了空间使用效率，而且</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">盘活了僵化的城市空间、提升了地区活</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力，同时增强了城市功能的丰富性和大</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众体验的多样性。针对历史街区、老旧</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">厂房及闲置办公空间等不同类型的存量</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用地，众创空间的改造计划也各有差异。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">历史街区、老旧厂房的历史文化底蕴有</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">利于激发创意，创业项目可侧重于文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创意类产业；其他闲置空间的改造则可</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因地制宜，如北京奥运会主体育场鸟巢</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化中心将发展体育经济类众创空间。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居住闲置空间亦可参与改造，如台北通</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">过“Space Share”分享平台，充分利</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用民间闲置空间资源作为城市的创意节</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">点，发展公益型创新项目；上海也在“有</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">机更新之共享社区计划”中提出“因地</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">制宜的空间挖潜和共享使用”。</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-left: -0.45em; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KtJh01ARkic53NlmgplL6sjibl4FyuChuDicdh6NAetnjTSA3VWibppplJzaOUXH5MSPM9uRCrJz0sfic4YAoj33EJQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.36923076923076925" data-w="65"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em; margin-bottom: -35px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2016年9期</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市众创空间的特征、机制及其空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划应对</span>》</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhpibwmdkTHdPiaMayJZibv0GmTcsUVRO71t4sEjsVDe4DQiagYNjiaBjQdYmqEkvIZJBJGxsQytT8t1BQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.303125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAmWPHCHg1Q1wVqmmhDQM5TSZN8D5pquHhHXcianvI98ZUDhobRumd0og/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8654867256637168" data-w="565"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; float: left; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-left: 23px; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-top: -1px; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; margin-right: 8px; border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; margin-left: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -1px; margin-left: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 90%; margin: -1em 5% 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;">转载须知</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">由原创文章请遵循以下转载要求：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号请于文章发布<span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;">两天后</span>转载，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转载时后台回复“转载”二字，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">无授权图片的童鞋会被举报的哦！</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: -37px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-top: -1px; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-left: 8px; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; margin-top: -8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-left: 23px; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-left: 8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; margin-top: -8px; margin-right: 18px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhDvYpaImHuViat26Op3YqKAEo29V3PoA7nMqWZBEOJjrcoBARJ3e3YciapibORzxHXXOdk2klXAH9dA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8515625" data-w="640"  /></section></section></section>
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