国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicUNiaQ3ExwlypYqichRGySxuBxruIT6Znk45Toj5bNAJOr00ZUMFHm73B5ap3wwmMuw0VL5AD8kicmw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100%; background-attachment: scroll; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 10.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: black; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文/ Mark Sheppard  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"> 翻译/ 徐鹏（A-N） 相欣奕（O-Z）</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 校验/ 相欣奕   编辑/ 众山小 文献/ 孟阳</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="float: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0px; width: 60%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/1CTiblhnN8XKW1gvBiauFBmKYSwm1CfbF5EHxCbtxLzVicUFJqvlOYichfYW3G1PKmWxCPoWNicdye1wcO7OMRkKFaQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></span></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">导语：本篇所列分别以A-Z为首字母的共26个城市设计关键词辨析，是由David Lock Associates城镇规划与城市设计联合公司提供。这是一家英国公司，已有近30年的从业经历。基于此，我们不妨来看看他们定期更新的城市设计关键词A-Z字母歌：</section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">A 是活力，临街铺面要人气；B 是体量，城里城外评判各不同；C是特征，受到开发影响需判断；D是密度，过高过低都不好应谨慎权衡；E是公平，大场地小场地开发退界区别对待才公平；F是临街住宅，要安全要隐私还要避免街道无趣；G是门禁社区，打开或封闭需因地制宜；H 是人的尺度，街道上高楼林立扭断脖子看不到顶绝非宜居；I 是融合，功能融合社会融合人和人很亲密很方便的居住在一起... ...</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  A-Active frontages，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                     </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">活跃的临街面。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“活跃临街面”已获得规划设计人员的广泛关注</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市活动中心结构规划之中也会对临街面的规划布局予以强调。然而，“活跃街面”真的应该无处不在吗？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市活动中心设计准则》中将活跃街面定义为，街道上的行人与身处底层建筑内部的人存在活跃的视觉参与临街面。如果建筑正立面朝向或者面向街道开口，含建筑的出入口，则有助于达成活跃临街面的特质。（请开发商务必注意，活跃临街面并不简单等同于有吸引力的景观街面，诸如艺术墙、绿篱或者展览箱。）</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">活跃街面通常被认为是连续成行的玻璃橱窗、咖啡店和频繁出现的入口。然而，我们能够使每一寸街面都充满如此的生活气息吗？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果无法与其所处街面达成协调，诸多店铺并不能确保大街小巷气氛活跃。坐落于活动中心的高层住宅建筑需要与停车入口、变电站和服务柜台建立直接的街面联系。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">商店依靠人流量生存。在街区内部和后街，“次级”活跃街面是更好的强化视觉参与的方式，例如办公室正门、社交休闲设施等。在成功的结构规划之中，绝无可能在临街面上接二连三设置无数个咖啡厅。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">B-Bulk (visual)，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">视觉体量。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   top: 26.09%; right: -131.18%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">视觉体量对于发展产生多重影响</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这种影响无法触及，难以衡量，既不应过分强调，也不可完全忽略。视觉体块可以接受的程度因地而异。随着建筑体量的不断增长，视觉体量是否也在发生着变化呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本质上，视觉体量由两个变量决定：这个建筑有多大/建筑间的距离有多远，以及建筑物是否美观。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在郊区，建筑通常都只有1-2层高，也基本都会退界，因此即使一个三层楼的建筑可能也会产生无法理喻的视觉体量。ResCode就此提供了清晰的指导。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在高层建筑区，高楼大厦屡见不鲜，此时视觉体量主要由建筑间距而非建筑高度决定。在这里，人们偏爱距离9-10m且有良好可达性的空间。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">评判一个建筑是否好看是件极为主观的事情。但无论如何，建筑形式的差异、不同颜色和材料的使用以及绿化通常都会让一栋建筑不至于是那样的硬实的一大块。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">就视觉体量的考虑，也必须把从何处观察这个建筑纳入考量。如果对于建筑的观察不是从附近的人群聚集的空间出发，又或者说建筑物被周围景观所掩蔽，其体量的视觉冲击力将会极大地减弱。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估视觉体量也需要对于合理预期的判断，这一判断在郊区和城市中大不相同，并且随着政策越来越强调稳固和庞大的建筑而发生着变化。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">C-Character，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                 </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">特性。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">邻里特性的概念已将墨尔本的郊区变成了一个居民和开发商争斗的战场，而规划者则居中调停。     大部分邻里特性的争辩都与密度相关。人们通常对其所处的社区邻里密度的表现形式非常熟稔，例如鲜艳活跃的Fitzroy和绿意盎然的Donvale，因而害怕改变这种形式。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而众所周知，如果想要在当下住房需求急剧膨胀的情况下确保提供充足的住所，则绝无可能保持现有居民区的密度不受改变。随着墨尔本日渐臃肿，我们必须要有与之相衬的扩张。这并不糟糕：在居住密度上略作增长，就足以把中部和外围郊区转变为更具活力、更为可持续的邻里社区，使得这里的居民能够更好地通过步行或自行车去到商店和其他服务点。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题是，我们如何确保邻里住区密实化所产生的不良影响？城市设计理念支招，设计一个看起来像大房子的多单元住宅。但是我们的评估工具难以应对。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑退线是通过比较开发区域密度和其邻里区域密度予以的评价。但是对于邻里特征的感知，并不局限于三个维度，而是呈现于一个更为广阔的领域。人们能够感受到毫厘之间的建筑退线吗？是否存在一个让人难以察觉的、可以忍受的限度呢？高度是通过计算楼层数量来测量的。然而，对于建筑更新后的视觉效果的感知难道不会与其组团形式和景观形式更为相关吗？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发对邻里特征所产生的影响，必须通过对开发优势的全面理解进行评估才能够实现。最近涌现的照片合成手段是帮助完成这一过程的有效的辅助手段。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑细节，例如屋顶的形式、材质和风格，也可能是诱发邻里特质争论的要素。然而这些要素通常并不持久，其变化也通常不会导致严重的损害。其产生的原因很多源于个人品味。对与环境相符合的当代建筑元素加以运用是邻里特质更新的一种恰当手段。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">D - Density，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">密度。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度是城市设计者的一个重要的评测因素</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而我们能在规划控制中使之得到更好的运用吗？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">公众领域活动的强度和当地商业、服务业的支持程度通常受到密度的驱动。理想的城市设计是规划足够的密度，确保居民日常需求得以满足，为家家户户提供舒适且充满生动经历的步行体验。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度可以以多种的（建造）形式呈现。传统城市中连绵不断的低矮建筑和矗立于绿地上柯布西耶塔楼式建筑具有惊人相似的密度。因此，虽然最小密度能是保障可步行邻里的创造性的一个有效方式，容积率最大化在控制建筑形式方面所能起到的作用仍然存疑。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在NSW，建筑形态往往通过高度限制和其他手段得到控制。然而，容积率也经常被用于保证步行区内的公平开发，以及为潜在买家提供关于土地价值的清晰解释。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么与之类似的工具是否能够减少投机性房地产购买，以免引发反对墨尔本自主建设的激烈抗争？抑或此类工具可能不合情理的限制了在特殊情况下地块发展的潜力？</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">E- Equitable Development，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">公平发展。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一波内城重建的浪潮在大块场地中轻而易举地展开，并不是一件让人惊奇的事情。如今，开发商呈现出往小型地点的转向，这些场地很难以作出如同大型项目中的那种慷慨的退界。这将如何影响未来邻里住区内的房地产的开发呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">高密度住区开发原则，包括了客观的“以保证各个区域能够公平地获得阳光和景色”和规划建议上的“考虑周边地块可能的未来发展，以及，最好能允许全区域具有公平的扩张潜能”。例如，开发商不应该不公正地减少周边地产的发展潜力。然而，问题是，什么是公平？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">VCAT通过了可在广泛范围内实施的决定——居住区开发需要对临接发展场地的共用边界退后4.5米。基于ResCode原则，9米能够为规避不合理的俯视提供足够的空间，而这一间距的规定则需要被公平地分担。尽管退界不足导致的“内部可见性”可通过屏障的方式加以应对，但这影响了人们获得愉悦、阳光和风景。阳台通常被允许伸入这一间隙中，因为它们通常并不被认为具有私密性</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，两侧各自退界4.5米，难以在小于25米的地块中实现。所以，如果我们要避免位置优越的土地有所浪费，亟待制定更为针对性的设计策略和规则。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">不幸的是，经验性方法无法实现多样的变化。在正对边界没有私密性景观的地段，或者邻接地块相当庞大并能轻松实现退界的地段，或者临街地块不太可能被重新开发（例如因为地块被分层所有）的地段，较少退界甚至无退界的做法可能才是合理的。拟建开发对其邻里所产生的潜在影响，必须基于全面理解这些地段的开发可能性，并探索其开发结构是否具有可行性，才能够被公平的回答。而这一“4.5米准则”只是一个设计解决方案的起点。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">F- Frontages (residential)，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">住宅临街面。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/1CTiblhnN8XLqLicjqFB3wZpc4n4ia7mn5mxtgFS2a7sMgoeibHZ7D2DsntcUFr7f7KIMCqhtv6MhImua97GOgmxHw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5" data-w="600"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计住宅临街面需要细致的权衡考虑</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">它们可能不仅仅为居民提供合理的便利设施和私有权利，一个好的城市设计还要求住宅临街面为街道的安全和视觉趣味做出贡献。那么，社区设计如何在确保居住者在可看到街道的同时，确保其隐私的居住和活动空间不被行人一览无遗呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个要求在传统住宅中很容易达到，它们把户内外的主要生活空间设置于地块的后方，并通过大幅度的退界来保证临街房间的私密性。然而公寓住宅通常退线较少，而且部分户型只有临街这一个朝向。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">有一种简单的方式可以保证底层住宅及其阳台私密性，那就是围栏高筑。但这会使得外部的公共领域过于无趣。作为替代的另一种方式是抬高底层住宅及其露台所在的平面。不同的水平面和封闭的围栏足够保障底层居民的隐私，同时也把临街住户和街道联系起来。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">G- Gated communities，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">门禁社区。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“门禁社区”是有危害的</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《更安全设计规则》如是说。但这都是教条，错误的理解会导致犯错，无端拒绝封闭社区则将引发严重后果。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">由于封闭社区的排他性触动了规划中的公平公正，故此引起规划师的强烈反应。社会规划师主张混合使用的社区，以此培育包容性和宽容度。另一个反对封闭社区的原因，则是出于封闭社区降低了渗透性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">渗透性指的是，人们能够轻易通过某个地方（难易程度），不论是步行、骑车还是开车或坐公交。渗透性差的区域，则需要绕更多的路，且产生辨识度低无趣的路程。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么尺度在这里是一个重要的概念。占据一个单独街区的开发很像是在营建封闭式社区（比如社区中心的公共空间只能供这里的居民使用）。而居民不可避免的会与周边的社区接触。因此绕着社区的外围周边走到另一边，无异于步行穿过其他网格式街道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，通过这样一种适度规模的开发，将需要公共空间的行人链接起来，是弊大于利的。因为对于土地开发来说，如何处理好街道临街面和内部（后院）的联系是非常难的，以至于无法保证安全性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">最后，我想说的是这仅是去分析一个构想（提案）所带来的具体影响和可能的变化，而不是回归到教条主义。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">H - Human scale，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">人的尺度。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaictp4l0mYjuDOdiag8iasl9Lmpoce54gv6hgDPVmlCaU1UDx6fgDxvLTdoLvicJW8J13GWldfSpv5cRQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.462" data-w="500"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“人的尺度”是一个在城市设计领域经常被人使用</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但却又比较模糊的概念。它通常用来被提出限制建筑高度。但是话说，什么是人性尺度？为什么这么重要呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在墨尔本，人性尺度通常是建议2-3层楼的高度，但是在Southbank Structure Plan，要求在城市中心里都要“配备”30-40米的街道墙。两种观点都是对的吗？人性尺度到底与什么有关呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">也许答案不是关于高度的问题，而是在于我们的视野。建筑中“人性尺度”属性，要求是让行人舒服的欣赏街景而不是伸着脖子？ 建筑所具备的人性尺度可能是，以行人步履为基础提供全景式的视觉兴趣点——也就是扬·盖尔提出的“3英里一小时建筑（3-miles-an-hour architecture）”，与从汽车里感受粗劣的街景影像形成鲜明对比。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">让我们来验证，你可以去墨尔本传统街区中心，穿行大街小巷去观察，有多少建筑是不用伸着脖子就能看到的。结论是20米宽的街道，比如Chapel Street，人眼是可以轻易看到维多利亚时期2层高的建筑正立面的细部。但如果高度超过20米，就会影响其可见度（变得模糊）。在30米宽的街道上，更高的建筑高度可以被明显看到，似乎解释了在城市中心“人性尺度”高度感知。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此我们更倾向说，“人性尺度”的建筑是具备提供全景视觉趣味的。也许这是对现代主义建筑极简主义的对立一面。但这并不阻碍建筑拥有更高的高度。它仅是在表达要提供丰富的视觉感受。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12.25px; color: rgb(13, 0, 21); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 16.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; animation: emp_twisterInUp 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; width: 5%; line-height: 0.8; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 38.3999px; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</section></span> <section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; float: right; width: 90%; animation: ent_moveInRight 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">I- Integration，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: right; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;">                  </strong><strong style="color: rgb(226, 165, 119); text-align: right; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">融合（整合）。</strong></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaictp4l0mYjuDOdiag8iasl9LmZrVicicAkov9eCM0vfmjJGyAMPf0IrTYbcrJA1wlfRCSkDGHYtM77Y3A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-w="600"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(45, 44, 47); color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">融合（整合）这个词，在规划设计里随处可见</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">ResCode要求，（城市）发展需要充分整合街道。（2012规划新闻八月刊，住宅临街面）</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策法规告诉我们，要整合土地利用规划、城市设计和交通规划，鼓励打造集住宅、就业、购物、娱乐和社区服务为一体的活力中心。ResCode认为，学校应该融入住宅区和社区设施中；建成环境应该考虑混合布局、建成形态和城市景观；此外还需与周边的城市环境相结合。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaictp4l0mYjuDOdiag8iasl9LmQLCDQuVJ7YRHADLjTTFpH5ibwhK9Ok4ia8Px3On7vlWlM7vqYicSKAduw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7485714285714286" data-w="350"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 25px 0% 15px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; border-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些是什么意思呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在城市设计术语里，融合的含义远非组合、搭配。它是一种积极的关系，这种关系是由共有的公共范围或是至少在视觉和使用上相关联，通过友好环境来塑造的。举个例子，开发的车站或前院往往是朝着街道面的。停车场则在建筑背后（这样一种浑然一体的设计）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">融合也意味着，底商上住（或工作室），或者住宅和工作室安置在（主要街道方便到达的）次要街道上。房地产或商务区应当与中心保持一定距离，同时又能够建立较为独立的街道网络。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">融入式的学校，是指学校被整合在住宅区和有活力的街道中心。往下细分，街道需要具备可识别性，使居民能够清楚知道从每家每户通往主要目的地（比如学校、商店、公园和公交站）的路线。而不是成为某种阻碍，受到中心区繁杂的交通污染（噪音）的影响。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本质上说，融合是“浑自天成”，不仅仅是亲近或靠近。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jLtLUzt67USBx9UfbiaHicB0oCxHDBics1FZmdPGSxCbwTxsmicDg6Gtts27FWVoBXQv6bDkmIs1bRMNibNpjVtZPCQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.0828125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 99, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">请 看 下 集 </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaictp4l0mYjuDOdiag8iasl9Lmk3uEHakDevX6QNn4l441pn6Otbz0gcFZeJyokt2YZQaofVMXcDKWog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.334375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 10.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 196, 190); 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