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<p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">前段时间，本人参与了新疆某城市的停车设施专项规划编制，项目完成后，有一些感想，城市停车设施的规划只是单纯增加城市的停车场吗？如何维持交通需求与供给动态平衡，现在与大家分享。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86443" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="layout" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68);">停车设施规划就是不停增加停车场吗？</section><section style="margin-left: 2px; border-top-width: 28px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: transparent rgb(206, 206, 206); border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 15px; border-left-style: solid; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">No，No，No！在这一点上，发达国家走过的弯路早就给我们给我们指明了方向，停车设施不能无限制的满足需求，而应该转变为组织和调控出行行为与停车行为。（P.S.虽说不能无限量供应停车设施，但目前大多数城市的实际情况是道路建设太快，停车设施建设却跟不上趟）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="7" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><blockquote style="margin-top: 5px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-left-width: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); max-width: 100%; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><p class="135brush" style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>当斯定律（Downs Law）</strong><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新建的交通设施会诱发新的交通量，而交通需求总是倾向于超过交通供给。</span></p></blockquote></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">停车设施的超量供给可能刺激停车需求的增长，供给不足也能相应抑制停车需求，其供需关系在一定范围内具有互控性特征。在停车设施供需关系紧张的地区，采取过大的供应量，会诱发更多的车辆前来停放，同时也增加了相关道路的交通量，使原本就较为紧张的道路运行状况更加紧张；反过来，适当控制停车泊位的供应量，人们就会考虑是否利用车辆或利用什么车辆出行更加方便，从而改善道路的交通状况。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">因此，解决城市停车问题，不能仅限于简单地根据需求修建停车设施或者提高建筑物配建停车指标标准，而必须更新理念和方法，从系统的角度，对停车设施供应和需求关系进行必要的调控，维持停车供需的动态平衡。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86443" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="layout" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 68, 68); clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(236, 68, 68);">应该怎样维持供需动态平衡呢？</section><section style="margin-left: 2px; border-top-width: 28px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: transparent rgb(206, 206, 206); border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 15px; border-left-style: solid; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">关于这个问题，就要从停车系统的<span style="color: rgb(239, 112, 96);">规划、建设、管理、运营</span>四个方面来细说。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">规划虽说是第一个环节，但在这一阶段，要对后续的建设、管理、运营都有所考虑，所以我就重点说一下这个环节要考虑的问题，具体有：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">1</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">研究停车问题和症结</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96);">对于停车问题的研究主要从4个方面总结：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">①不同经济发展水平的停车问题；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">②不同城市功能区的停车问题；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">③不同交通方式的停车问题；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">④不同城市规模的停车问题。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">停车问题是停车设施供需关系不平衡的外在表现，产生这些问题的深层次原因还是在于缺乏统筹观念、缺乏资源整合、缺乏科学定价。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">2</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">确定城市停车分区与策略</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">因为人口分布、就业岗位分布、土地利用、交通政策、公共交通发展战略、道路系统供应水平这些因素都会影响停车分区，所以研究影响因素，合理分区，从城市交通的全局出发，统筹安排，因地制宜地针对各区域的不同特点采用相应的停车控制指标和停车策略，从整体上调节供需结构，以最少的资源实现停车效率最大化和保障城市综合交通体系最佳和谐发展。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">3</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">预测城市停车需求</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">需求预测不仅仅包含需求总量的预测，还包含停车设施需求分类预测以及停车设施需求分布预测。分类预测是按照停车设施使用权特点将需求分为自备车位需求和公共车位需求两类进行预测。分布预测是对各个交通分区的自备车位需求和公共车位需求的预测。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">4</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">确定城市停车设施供应分布</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">停车设施的供应分布是以停车需求为基础，但供应不等于需求，而是需要针对停车分区的具体情况，按照需求管理的原则，确定相应的停车设施供应数量和供应结构。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">5</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对公共停车设施进行布局规划</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">停车设施的布局规划就是规划人常做的事了，首先是采用多种模型进行布局选址，其次是根据布局规划流程确定方案。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">在实际操作中，确定了选址还是不够的，还需要对规划方案进行评价分析，这个评价主要包括两方面，一是经济评价，另一部分是停车设施的服务水平评价。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">6</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">研究建筑物配建停车位标准</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">建筑物配建停车设施是城市停车设施的主体，所以合理制定建筑物配建停车指标体系对于停车设施系统建设具有基本的保障作用。在这一环节首先要做的就是对建筑物进行合理分类，其次是提出配建指标。</span></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85626" data-color="rgb(46, 148, 185)" data-custom="rgb(46, 148, 185)" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 32px; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; border-top-width: 35px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-left-width: 14px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 14px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px; margin-left: -5px; color: inherit; line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: inherit;"><strong style="color: inherit;"><em class="autonum" data-original-title="" title="" style="color: inherit;">7</em></strong></span></section></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-left: 36px; color: rgb(46, 148, 185); border-color: rgb(46, 148, 185); box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对规划实施措施提出建议</span></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">在完成城市公共停车设施专项规划后，还有规划管理、建设政策、管理措施这一系列的问题需要考虑。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96);">规划管理</span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">需要考虑的事情主要是规划编制管理和项目实施管理。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96);">建设政策</span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">是本着有利于停车产业化发展、加强政府调控作用的原则，规范引导、市场推进，鼓励多渠道投资参与停车设施的建设。建设政策主要包括土地政策、投融资政策、经营政策和鼓励措施。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(239, 112, 96);">管理措施</span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">重点是从法律法规、管理体制、运行管理、调控经营、科技支持这五个方面进行管理。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(52, 52, 52);">城市停车问题的根本原因在于停车泊位资源供需不平衡，因此，停车需求需要合理调节、停车供给也需要仔细考虑，另外，缓解停车矛盾，法律、制度设计也是重要的保障。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;"><br  /></p><section class="_135editor" style="margin: 15px auto; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border-style: none; overflow: hidden; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; width: 286px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="_135editor" style="margin: 15px auto; border-style: none; clear: both; overflow: hidden; width: 286px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-id="85983" style="border: 0px; line-height: 25.6px; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; 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