国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.25em; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -2.25em; margin-right: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Tom Demerly、Laura Bliss、  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 相欣奕(西南大学)   文献/ 唐艺格  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版/ 古佳玉    编辑/ 众山小  </section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-right: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 35%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: right;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-right: 10px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(251, 210, 107);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuGA4k3UBYMeWkNOia9IcpAkuLUH4uPAicDBwQ7My4QgFuXRHmtfkcYicuw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; border-top: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 65%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid transparent; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(243, 243, 242);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">读：</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-right: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; display: inline-block; border-top: 10px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); margin: 0px -10px; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(243, 243, 242);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通拥堵是小汽车出现之后永恒的城市问题。长期以来，众多城市解决交通拥堵问题的思路都是，修路架桥，再修路再架桥。而拥堵态势有增无减。是时候重拾自行车出行这一清洁环保的交通方式了。近期国内的ofo与摩拜公共自行车系统掀起了新的自行车产业的发展浪潮，而这一回的主角终于轮到了可持续交通系统，因此也远比Uber或者滴滴之类的以小汽车出行为代表的产业创新值得值得我们关注。因此今天就介绍三则如何帮助自行车产业更快的发展的内容。则一作者积极地位自行车行业的未来发展需求思路，包括如何提升这一行业的形象，改善其服务及客户体验，同时增加其盈利能力，这样双赢的走向何乐不为？则二介绍的是如何通过改善基础设施来推动自行车的发展，比如设计骑行者友好的交叉口，只有基础设施建设和优化真正到位，才能鼓励自行车交通。而城市道路交叉口的设计是最能体现管理者和决策者智慧的地方。最后介绍的则三，来自作者恨铁不成钢的控诉！他认为很多城市，尽管设计建设了自行车基础设施，但这些设施不方便不连贯甚至是危机重重的，无异于垃圾。作者基于其在全球多个城市的交通调研经验，提出城市自行车交通基础设施建设的相关建议（还顺带小嘲讽了一下新城市主义）。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(6, 139, 125); display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-right-color: rgb(6, 139, 125); border-bottom-color: rgb(6, 139, 125); border-left-color: rgb(6, 139, 125); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; min-width: 6em; height: 3em; text-align: center; border-radius: 0px 0px 3em 3em; border-right: 2px solid rgb(6, 139, 125); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(6, 139, 125); border-left: 2px solid rgb(6, 139, 125); border-top: none rgb(6, 139, 125); padding: 0px 0.3em 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.3em; border-radius: 0px 0px 3em 3em; color: white; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(6, 139, 125);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">秋</section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 20.8px; padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">天的文摘</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(0.1deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -o-transform: rotate(0.1deg); margin-right: -0.2em; margin-top: 0.03em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(251, 210, 107); font-size: 83.2px; line-height: 0.7; font-weight: 700; max-width: 20% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 83px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 0px 5px 20px; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 21px; color: rgb(111, 122, 125); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么我们不能从自行车产业中多赚些钱？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 12.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 5px solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 3px 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 15.36px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(250, 240, 185);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Tom Demerly   翻译/ 相欣奕 西南大学</section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 5px solid transparent !important; border-left: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuianIK0HKicf2jibIaOWVNQdlocUwYmMBI7riaibVtGOniblb5D1cicy9Oqn3Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.326605504587156" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、我今天在牙科诊所花费 $2,297.00。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我的牙医超级棒。真的。他有份好工作、极为专业并掌握了最为先进的牙科技术。工作上来讲，他是一把好手。生活上来看，他也是一个好人。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">同样幸运的是，他还是一名三项全能比赛运动员。我在他的诊所看牙齿的时候，顺便带回了他的自行车到我的店里进行保养调试。真是一辆不错的自行车。我做完调试保养之后，它会更加好。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我以前总会想：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 为什么我的牙医能够收费2500美刀，而我用去相同的时间对他的自行车进行调整却只能给他开出90-150美刀的账单呢? </strong>在你张口说牙齿是重大的健康问题之前，我会提醒你，在你需要避开与小汽车撞车时，自行车的刹车也是性命攸关的东西。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么自行车行业不能够如同其他行业一样就产品和服务进行相应的定价呢？ 为什么一名大夫、牙医、管道工、暖通空调系统维修工或者汽车技工。他们的收费远高于自行车装配工、自行车销售员或者自行车修理工？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么在自行车行业，相同的工作如此价廉，而在其他行业，却高出很多？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">正如任何一个经济学问题一样，从来不会有统一的答案。急需梳理下原因，弄明白为什么与其他行业相比较，自行车行业收费如此低。特别是随着自行车需求和技术的增长，服务收费，却仍然如此低廉。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国文化教育我们自行车是儿童的玩具。喷气式滑艇、摩托、雪地机动车或者娱乐车的维护人工费率与汽车修理人工费率相近。</strong>但是修理自行车，却是我们成长过程中随时在自行车道上做的事情。我们对自行车服务价值的设定，自从我们还是孩童时在自行车道上自己修车开始。因为与苹果店和蒂凡尼店相比较，自行车行业整体而言完全没那么复杂高端，所以对自行车零售商的价值设定仍然比其他类型的客户体验要低廉。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuFibkUfIL7eiaKBvBeQibW95oJyep5J1kJBZDN8dvTZUdoSnx2L8AhgxZA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6128440366972477" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、自行车行业的展示</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">自行车行业如何做才能够改变自行车是玩具，劳动力应当是廉价的或者免费的这一成见？有多种答案，<span style="color: rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">但最为立竿见影的做法莫过于对服务提供更加现代化和更加复杂高端的展示，同时还应改进顾客体验，使其与高端的客户服务及销售相匹配。</strong></span> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">让我们重新回到我的牙医的诊所。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我预约时间之前的数日，总会收到他办公室发来的文字信息提示。他们也会给我电话并发送一条信息提醒。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">牙医的诊所里有一名训练有素的接待人员，她负责礼宾接待，对牙科服务加以协调、解答疑问，并对病人相关事宜进行管理。她工作的唯一目的就是为了促进牙科服务的顺畅愉快开展。她还负责病人付款。整个付款过程由另外一名员工处理，付款处在牙科诊所所在建筑中的另外一个地点。这样就使得病人的付款体验成为确定无疑的、不可讨价还价的、稳定一致的且具有重现性的过程。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我的牙医的诊所整洁又现代化。其标识系统以及能够传递其品牌信息的一切都极富吸引力。牙科治疗区域一尘不染，精心布置，这不仅仅是出于卫生方面的考虑，而且还是希望借此向病人表达他们的行业非常严肃认真。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuSsCxuOBN6woaJpxVL1NzWCYicusNI2cdXqicLbZysh2kxKsibqedib4QAg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5577981651376147" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、牙医行业赚钱的秘密</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">与之相比较，自行车店可没有那么正式。员工们穿着短裤和T恤，顾客们不得不游来荡去。衣如其人，所以你的收费也像你的衣服一样了。自行车店的氛围毫无疑问就是如此的不专业，因此，价格也就只好如此之低了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">就是诸如此类的原因，我的牙医一次服务就可收费2500美刀，与我为他的Shimano Di2碳纤维三项全能比赛用自行车进行调试和维护花费的力气和用去的时间差不多相同。 而我和牙医大同小异的服务，他的收入却超出我不止十倍。是否还记得我所做的类比？当你骑着自信车以20MPH的速度经过一个路口时，自行车的刹车制动的重要性绝对不亚于你牙齿上的虫洞。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在老家伙们争辩说自行车店里根本不需要什么精雕细作、清洁专业的技术之前，我要先告诉你，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为大部分购置自行车的成年顾客实际上是新自行车顾客，他们对于客户体验的基准来自于宜家、苹果、维多利亚的秘密和Abercrombie等商家</strong>，所以，现今自行车店的情况与你们所熟悉的本地修车店的情况已大不相同。事实上，那些仍希望自行车店保持小镇如家庭般亲切随便称兄道弟的氛围和个人体验的，极可能并非自行车店的顾客，而是柜台后的服务人员。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuXqF9eGCf8MBCTeYmVkvHFN03QvgaJC4ibZ7gTAQicia9G3IxViaiaXciaJYg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5211009174311927" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、自行车行业需要高端设计与体验</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">换个频道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">蒂凡尼是一家高端珠宝商，因为电影《蒂凡尼的早餐》而出名。多种原因使得蒂凡尼仍是著名品牌，其中之一在于其标志性的蒂凡尼蓝（有注册商标）的品牌颜色。在蒂凡尼店购买任何大小任何样式的订婚戒指，其价格都是小品牌珠宝商同等大小戒指的十倍。它同时承载着高端价值和品牌形象。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据Morningstar.com的统计，在2007年至2015年期间，蒂凡尼的收入增长了60.49%。这是在美国经济衰退的背景下发生的。</strong> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么即使在经济衰退的情况下，蒂凡尼看上去差不多的产品价格却高出十倍，并且销量持续走高？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWukw8RnOSA2C54NB1x0pcHF0UicfcLScriaWicyeUzzmh1SGQA00S4Z781Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5302752293577981" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、Tiffany的专卖店</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我的牙医和蒂凡尼能够为看上去与成年人自行车行业相同的服务和产品收取高很多的价格，出于以下数种原因。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先，他们要价就是这么高。并且，他们的穿戴与价格相称。 </strong> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">确定价格的同时，也就确定了价值标准。我居住在中东的时候，注意到了价值标准通常是极为微妙的。众所周知，阿拉伯人（以及中国人）发明了商业。他们都熟知，除非你要求，他们绝对不会给出你希望的价格。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">蒂凡尼非常幸运，在一部家喻户晓的老电影中使用了他们的产品，从而使得其品牌卓尔不群。他们无时无刻不在传递品牌信息，包括其包装和提袋等细节。如果某人手提蒂凡尼蓝包装袋从高级的购物中心走过，旁人肯定会认为此人是有钱且有品味的人，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">与此同时，蒂凡尼的品牌信息也又一次得到传播。这本身就是在做广告。</strong>这样，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">顾客对于品牌的印象和认知都了提升。</strong> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对比之下，就会发现大部分自行车零售商所提供给顾客的袋子看上去就好像鼓励你清理猫砂盒之后把垃圾倒入其中一般。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">蒂凡尼刻意保持了安静与尊敬的展示与销售环境。蒂凡尼的店员绝对不会在销售区域因为电话铃声响起而干扰工作。打到店里的电话都是在非销售区域接听的。销售区内永远都不会有电话铃声。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">又换个频道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWu5maxiboY9jPS1Yj8vfzO6qUlzC2Yt7scmxiaLZMu5pPzk1aWuly2icChA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.48073394495412847" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、e-Bay的展示</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">e-Bay与零售业的趋势截然不同。 人们把待售商品在e-Bay上列出来，通常是二手的，甚至有时候其价值是令人怀疑的，顾客则会以拍卖的方式进行加价竞价。请注意：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">加价竞价！</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么人们在e-Bay上采用加价竞价的方式，而在常规的市场力作用下会让零售定价有降低的压力？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原因有二：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">时间因素以及交易品质的可重复性</strong> (与商品品质有所不同)。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">e-Bay拍卖在特定时间结束，某货品的可获得性会过期，从而影响我们对货品价值的认知。同样，因为其提供的独特的货品，供应量是确定而有限的，所以e-Bay仍具有竞争力。商品销售之后，就没有了。这些特征为其定价产生了反竞争效应。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">e-Bay交易的品质几乎<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">完全相同</strong>。这一点有别于卖家的行为以及所售卖商品的品质。但是，这使得交易的品质 (与交易的商品有别) 成为了我们对其价值认知定位的一项重要因素。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果 <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交易体验 </strong>与行业标准不一致/或者低于行业标准，则会导致购买价格降低。在本地的二手店里买一件古董雕像，你支付的价格是10美元。而在e-Bay上买一模一样的雕像，你要支付 $20, $25, $40…. 最终出价是多少你就会支付多少钱。人们按照一个经过检验的可重复的交易模式进行向上竞价，其约束限制来自于商品的供应及其独特性，而非决定于商品本身。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">自行车店如何才能好好利用这些策略，在改进客户体验的同时，增加收入和营利呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">好消息就是，有很多很多机会可供自行车行业利用，从而为其客户提供更好的体验。当然，当前的状态是自行车行业的客户体验标准极为欠缺，远远落后于诸如蒂凡尼、苹果和其他品牌专业的办公室和超前思维的零售品牌意识。但与此同时，这也就产生出巨大的真空区，自行车零售商可待提升以赚取更多利润并提供更好的体验。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuibUXXNeQY3MTVNYwXzqtWZVupJvxojmdqnUJN7icEAlVQAcOoP8ibVBIg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.563302752293578" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、重新调整自行车售卖店的体验</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一步：重新调整在自行车售卖店的体验。 </strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">你在汽车销售商的店铺里或者蒂凡尼的店里可以坐在舒适的沙发上就能够为你的汽车或者订婚戒指结账，相反你凭什么愿意在收银台前站着排队为你的自行车支付5000美刀呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">使用非现金的方式坐着结账是很细微的一项举措，却能够明显改变顾客的体验，并对其在专业的自行车零售商店能够购买到的产品和服务的认知加以重新定位。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外一种做法是，每个班都指派一名员工作为迎宾，负责问候并为顾客指路，同时还在客流量不大的时段负责客户结账事宜。这样的方式，也可改进顾客体验的品质，并改变顾客对我们行业的成见。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuEDb9l4SSeibCENqjY3GAK0RQ9iaPKP41px60EzvoicIGI11n8rT5Oibzaw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5522935779816514" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、自行车售卖店的体验</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">有很多很多其他机会，可供自行车零售业用以改进客户体验，可以改变交易环境和店铺外观，也可在成年人自行车销售和服务中增加切实的价值。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际上而言，与之相关的细节足够我写一整本书了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">自行车行业的一个问题在于，罕有自行车的零售商和服务提供商向其他行业的标杆学习，从而寻求改进本行业服务的方式。在完成上述转变之前，我们仍需要陪顾客闲聊，陪他们在店里试骑自行车，同他们一起喝喝啤酒，同时赚取廉价的薪水。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“没人知道未来是怎样的，你能做的，是创造未来！”阿里巴巴创始人马云如此说。 </strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(41, 194, 150);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.6; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(41, 194, 150);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.8; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(41, 194, 150);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(41, 194, 150);"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 2px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 202, 0); text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(0.1deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -o-transform: rotate(0.1deg); margin-right: -0.2em; margin-top: 0.03em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(251, 210, 107); font-size: 83.2px; line-height: 0.7; font-weight: 700; max-width: 20% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 0px 5px 20px; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 21px; color: rgb(111, 122, 125); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为骑行者提供最为安全的道路交叉口设计 </strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 12.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 5px solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 3px 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 15.36px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(250, 240, 185);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Tom Demerly   翻译/ 相欣奕 西南大学</section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 5px solid transparent !important; border-left: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">波特兰州的研究人员希望能够首创性地编制出受保护的自行车道交叉口标准指南。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWu5GHNhAGfrgWecSOIrcslk69icxCuVNP5ljkiaW07a6J65BHWicwSWnkicQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5629032258064516" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、温哥华市一个新修的受保护的交叉口。图：Dylan Passmore </strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在其出现125年之后，自行车道的设计仍然可以做到如此出乎意料的任性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">最为鲜明的表现的莫过于受保护自行车道了。自行车道与汽车道使用特定类型的物理屏障隔离，比如花池、路缘石、停泊的车辆或者邮箱。 受保护自行车道被视为骑行者安全舒适的黄金标准<span style="color: rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>，但是在世界大部分地区，保准如何实施则是由地方自行决定了。即使设置了受保护自行车道，当其与繁忙的交叉路口交汇时，通常所提供的保护也就不复存在了，设计原则也很快被弃之不用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">一些北美城市设置了所谓“受保护交叉口”（又名“荷兰做法”—如题图温哥华照片所示) ，亦即通过混凝土交通岛的方式确保道路交叉口车道之间的隔离。更为常见的做法是“混合区”，在这一区域之中，骑行者必须与小汽车共用空间。另外还有一些路口使用专门的 信号定时方式，从而帮助自行车骑行者能够与机动车交通适当分开。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuxxf2lWZicc826icFkvnZeica3r5oLYz3VGTWoFFVXm9dtYOfwSx1HMYXQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、芝加哥市提供了交通信号灯的交叉路口。图：TREC </strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国是否应当制定针对交叉路口的自行车道加以保护的更广泛适用的标准？波特兰州立大学交通研究与教育中心致力于通过这一崭新的研究把此话题向前推动。波特兰州的研究人员使用来自于11个郡的地区规划机构、交通部门以及非营利组织提供的基金，将初创性的提出所有类型道路交叉口处理措施的清单。随后将采用计算机模拟、影响分析以及骑车人调查等方式来确定 “设计者需要针对设计方案逐一考虑的临界值”， Christopher Monsere如此说，他是波特兰大学的一名土木工程专业教授，也是本项目的首席研究员。那么确定这些阈值的依据可能是什么呢？“不同交通流的量将是一个关键指标，可用来预计自行车和小汽车的冲突，”Monsere说，“速度也将成为我们关注的设计变量，因为其会对冲突的严重程度产生影响，也会影响到你应当为使用受保护自行车道的骑车人提供多大的可见距离。”他和团队研究人员将关注各种设计左转和右转所产生影响，以及它们对不同类型街道的有用程度如何。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuVQYMqHOYibhRVB5yD92ujjIclfgkoTgMYjqGfk9ibxZZ7QkicBtfqR0yA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3338709677419356" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、旧金山的道路混合区。图：TREC </strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这11个合作区域致力于取得由数据提供支撑的指导。其中一个机构是马萨诸塞州的剑桥市，是美国最早采用自行车道分离模式的城市。但是正如该市的交通项目主任Cara Seiderman所言， “我们采用了我们能做到的最好的工程判断，还采用了当前最佳的做法。我们意识到，还可使之变得更加安全可靠。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">波特兰市区域交通管理局 TriMet是也是其中一个成员。Jeff Owen是TriMet的交通规划师，表示他将寻求多种方法，确保公交车能够顺着受保护的自行车道交叉口停靠在车站。“我们试图通过这种努力参与到项目之中”， Owen在其发言之中表示。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在未来的18个月，TREC的研究人员和设计团队拟提供的成果是一份标准工具，可供所有交通部门使用。同时还希望，这些交通部门能够把研究团队的成果转化为针对自行车使用者和小汽车驾驶者而言都更加安全更加有用的基础设施。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(0.1deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg); -o-transform: rotate(0.1deg); margin-right: -0.2em; margin-top: 0.03em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(251, 210, 107); font-size: 83.2px; line-height: 0.7; font-weight: 700; max-width: 20% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 0px 5px 20px; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 21px; color: rgb(111, 122, 125); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">自行车基础设施为何失效 </section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); font-size: 12.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 5px solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 3px 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 15.36px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(250, 240, 185);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Tom Demerly   翻译/ 相欣奕 西南大学</section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 5px solid transparent !important; border-left: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWud5QwqDPcKJ8P7pE01bgsVZV6bicQbIUpukQyibxAzNF9RyTicIdEWhBBQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.740625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、华盛顿的自行车保护车道</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">大体而言，我们是来自于Copenhagenize Design Company（哥本哈根化设计公司）的乐观主义者。我们在遍布世界各地的客户所在城市进行广泛调研并为他们提供重要思路，我们完全有理由证明，很多城市正在经历着变化，希望能够在城市景观中改善并重拾自行车交通方式。我们与多个大城市合作，帮它们实现这一目标。我们在全世界70多个城市骑行，经常会感觉自行车基础设施相当不错，但也偶尔会发现其糟糕无比。正如我们的伙伴，来自于Cycling Without Age（无年龄限制自行车骑行）组织的Ole Kassow所拍摄的上图在华盛顿特区的照片（http://cyclingwithoutage.org/）。最初，可把我们哥本哈根办公室的规划师和城市设计师团队都逗乐了，但他们很快就明白了。这可反映出来大问题了。这个城市把增加自行车基础设施的任务托付给某机构，而照片中所列就是这个其最终达成的效果。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题就在这里。自行车基础设施的最佳做法基本都是一百年前的老古董了。专用自行车道始于1892年，由哥本哈根的Esplanade把一条骑马专用道转为自行车道。1915年，Strandboulevarden 修建了首条采用路缘分隔的路侧自行车专用道。自此之后，受保护自行车基础设施就在全世界风行起来。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">100年以来，这些基础设施经过了数以百万计的日常自行车骑行者的检验。城市规划师不断调整并进行实验，犯过错误又纠正错误，最终摸索出简单、高效、安全、经济的最佳做法。一代又一代规划师和工程师完成了很了不起的工作，他们已经把我们所需要的一切用银盘子托着端到了我们面前。丹麦的最佳实践中，只列出了四种类型的自行车基础设施。其中一种设计适用于于本国的任何一条街道，也适用于世界任何城市的任何街道。亲，请直接拷贝粘贴吧！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWu6LT9Z0DpXIPJxSraZa7JTy6ics5FMUQo5eFibYCC13Ev4iblLQzncYbzA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6671875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十三、哥本哈根的自行车专用道，欢迎拷贝粘贴</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，为什么我们在上面的照片中却看到在城市街道上出现了垃圾一样的自行车基础设施呢？ <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么，是谁做出了决定，让骑自行车的人冒着生命危险在很多汽车从其旁边飞驰而过的道路中间骑行呢？</strong>显而易见，并非所有人都明白自行车在城市生活中作为交通工具所发挥的作用，也并非所有人都真心鼓励自行车的使用并确保人们的安全。 正如我在推特中所提出的建议，请找出应当为上述设计负责的人，并毫不犹豫的把他们解聘。 这是一条看似轻率的意见 - 但这是我所提出的非常严肃的意见。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">最大的问题在于某些国家的交通运输工程仍然在对规划和城市设计产生影响。在美国，在设计基础设施的时候，自行车与机动车被作为同等类别对待。而在那些承认自行车在城市交通中的地位的国家里，自行车骑行者被视为快速移动的行人，我们已经为他们进行了长达100年的规划。</strong> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们与世界各地的城市规划者和工程师合作过，因此我们知晓变革旧有的以汽车为中心的思维所存在的挑战。但是，毕竟我们来到了2016年。为自行车进行的规划就是一个小孩子的游戏。或者这本应该是一项孩子的游戏。 <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">自行车道与人行道并列。它们都从机动车交通中隔离出来。这是经过长期实践证明了的做法。完全算不上是高深莫测的技术。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">看着来自于华盛顿特区的照片，我立即冒出来的想法就是："我如何才能够到达位于道路中央的自行车道？”难道我应该在下一个交叉口推着自行车进入吗？ 我怎么可能愿意带着我的孩子或者祖父母在汽车飞驰而过的贫瘠的荒地上骑自行车呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在这一方案的编制中，根本未按照人的尺度加以考虑。并未对可达性、安全性有充分的重视，也并未把一种智能、衔接的网络的更为宽广的视野纳入其中。 <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">"但是，这个方案的确有用啊!" 你会听到城市主义的拥趸们在咕哝。到底是什么有用呢？当然，按照这一方案，自行车出行量肯定会减少。但是，我们是在为未来的一百年交通来规划我们的城市。必须采用经过检验的方案进行恰当的规划。如果明知最好的解决方案是什么，却仍然与以汽车为中心的懒惰工程师合作，采纳把自行车骑行者作为实验小白鼠对待的方案的话，那真是无比荒谬又愚蠢。就请不要让我再提十字交叉的街道双向车道有多么愚蠢了吧。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我甚至怀疑，那些嘟囔着“但是，这个方案的确有用啊！” 的人，他们家中是否放满了只有两条半腿的椅子。从技术角度而言，它们的确是有用的。你可以放松一下，把你疲倦的胳膊腿架在上面休息一下。但它们绝对不算是最优做法。我们早在新石器时代就已经知晓了，四条腿或者牢固可靠底座才是设计椅子的最佳方法。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWujwRRuaTy8fv9DmiaE5XXSJ2riaLtM0uWwrkmicpqlpBgegz5hnmKtEagA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6148760330578512" data-w="605"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十四、断腿椅子</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这就是目前太多城市中的“椅子”。自行车基础设施都是片段式的，未能联结在一起，充满尖锐的边缘，但是，他们告诉我们，从技术上来讲，这的确是有用的啊！我们任何人都不可能在自家的起居室里摆放四个这样的椅子。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果我们是为人设计城市，充分尊重人的体验、逻辑和便捷的使用，你绝对不应该看到在任何城市的道路中央布置自行车道这样的糟糕设计。工程师们盯着计算机屏幕，通过数学模型进行复杂计算。而城市设计者的设计过程则是截然不同，他们从另外的角度考虑问题。设计的过程，应当是以人为本的过程。让我们按照汽车发明之前7000年的经验和做法来设计我们的街道！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">以自行车为中心的支持者们称之为 "环境关联性设计"。 使用“设计”一词，对于前面提及的自行车交通设计者而言差不多算是一种冒犯了，他们如此努力工作，来确定所谓的最优方法。华盛顿特区的做法就是经过工程学计算得到的。是由一些根本不理解人本设计的人经由工程运算得出的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是对于那些坚持要把骑行者置于危险情境中的人来讲，为什么他们自己不去体验一下呢？我某天傍晚在本地的酒吧检验了这一理论。 <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuib1JPVfPoor2KuPAn2hphUcqDANE1T5vPXKLprNO80UfORBE2JUCgaw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.9959839357429718" data-w="498"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十五、我的体验</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">"啊，但是巴塞罗那是这样做的呀！”是的，法国南特也是这样做的。圣保罗也是这样做的。难道这能够证明它是一种好做法吗？分明不是。这仅仅表示，这些城市采纳了工程师的方案，而放弃了设计者的方案。我曾经数次在巴塞罗那的道路上骑行，既包括节假日和孩子们一起骑行的经历，又包括工作日我自己骑行的体验。根本难以进入位于道路中间的自行车道。宽阔而嚣张的交叉口，迫使你不得不硬着头皮加速骑行通过。这个城市现在已经开始重新审视这些设计，因为意识到了它们根本不是那么回事儿。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWu8IROEJxMBspGlvlqGnjKJw8EsIgnbgkBYK1KticRaOEU6XLCB3e7iajQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6640625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十六、巴塞罗那自行车专用道</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">法国南特市的自行车道，位于低速汽车车道以及电车线路之间，易于横穿街道进入自行车道之中。而巴西圣保罗的自行车道，则比华盛顿的情况更加脑子短路。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">巴塞罗那市的一处不同在于，这个城市大部分区域都是30 km/h (20 mph)限速区。该市致力于让所有交通慢下来，从而挽救生命、减少伤害，并创建一个更为人性化尺度的城市。位于道路中间的自行车道引向环状交叉路，这可比把你丢到以汽车为中心的道路交叉口可人性化多了。华盛顿特区的自行车基础设施则是为那些健身者和勇敢者而设计，并非为绝大多数人提供。这绝对不是一项能够鼓励自行车出行成为重要交通方式的明智之举。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuPzMBDC3Chqv5pwQCUQia1fwn0QIkWZTcTDBqm1kjdibWlM2k9OjfKeHg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6640625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十七、巴塞罗那自行车专用道</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要考虑的一个经验法则非常简单。如果你在荷兰或者丹麦并未发现一项基础设施的设计，那它可能算得上是一个愚蠢的基础设施设计了。如果你不可能把让步行者在汽车道中间行走的话，那么你凭什么让骑行者在汽车道中间冒着风险骑车？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这都是闭门造车发明出来的。并视之为最佳做法以供使用。放弃使用已有的所谓最佳方法，相当于前进了三步，后退了两步，但是，当前状态需要我们充满信心和智慧的大胆前行。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">不用着急，我们解聘的工程师和规划师能够找到新的工作。有新的工程技术人员来接替他们的工作。在设计我们自己的街道的时候，请务必使用那些真正合理有用的设计和思路。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(41, 194, 150); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《地区健康统计 – 纽约都会区城市系统是如何影响健康的》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWudkUjAPU8eedS9HtuS5iaKMh36gazB8aMwWbqGszINqxPbIxoyIICwrA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.2926391382405744" data-w="557"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuicTVPKyT6zyicFLHSCtFKMiakdJXxVnITVhvnRBCgP7bHKwAaS7ahKCaA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWus9PtEM5kIJTY8blzunmSH34uvSswbrXxTkuUmAU4FRPP57LCnib8QMA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3634615384615385" data-w="520"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuiboD4icaEtGS3OOTDgYdl51iaj0bdYuod4YibaQrlR3vGrcm7gbGy5xFwg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3098330241187384" data-w="539"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuNiblna0p6VWoBt04rfZJfDpqwzFWGLCAwCiaz92iclLVKVCzcLBbKGMibA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3283302063789868" data-w="533"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuKDntLiaShf6KG8SUdZy1Tzwkf1WK1ISp6dDXuQkZ5gvArF2MLkC8fNw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3485714285714285" data-w="525"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuetN5Mhwiabuqkib5Of9JzV3ibicMJ8pI0yEI5CRJibhKV4icUp8NlKBpbdqQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3339622641509434" data-w="530"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuI5pXNLPR3bpKUFHUqouRB3Y2ibCVKjUGenEMl0RmsibJbVfOO9IrwUYQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3515625" data-w="512"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuWS8SK8XOznjvoDoQDoiayIicnRzIFHQ8RbYiaJibsPPTibOic263XGpzibosg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.35" data-w="520"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuQCN14LufXoOeUDEK4mH5BDpaTDkN6mCzIEbfE32ZgpkibEHIBaZGD8Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.74375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuMUHDOZnuhm9GUsRic5R7ZqCeTO7yuibLhko2gtpDRxD7ZGMWT6aYUhicg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7453125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(41, 194, 150); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如有需要请联系我们微信号@SustainableCity</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮daizongliu@qq.com </strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 11.2px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); text-align: right; display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 16.8px; padding-right: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">后会</section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; min-width: 6em; height: 3em; text-align: center; border-radius: 0px 0px 3em 3em; border-right: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-left: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: none rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 0px 0.3em 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 0px 0px 3em 3em; color: white; font-size: 16.8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">有期</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3WtapyOS8BDo65Vo9B4JBaibzYtrqttaKYLlmLRic9wVXRzicXia1x1RBl1dPgibwVIjNd86wZmKsZVw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3328125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/InLlteaKYOicTAlNnHmmVatLE4RVEZYRof8icq6MdpyzXNUXTEoRiaEibAtU3qyKgaFakbIOAs2UKpy0Vhl3S5107Q/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.3125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -30px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(245, 144, 10); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买年刊，请点击阅读原文......</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224); border-radius: 50%; margin: auto; padding-top: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: -1.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin: -0.5em auto; border: 0.1em solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.45098); border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);"></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-left: 0.1em solid rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top: 0.1em solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0.3em auto; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; margin: auto auto -1em; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 0.5em; padding: 1em; margin-top: -1.5em; border: 0.1em solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; height: auto !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 30%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuUd2NcbiaJubP6QFtWgW7BzpDRQXsvDvXibfMBUsibSF2NDJ0iaJx4uGZFQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.0234375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuicnven9COOXtMgsic4v968A8amsWicTAFyxbweDYwan4uB6v2ydn4iaOIQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.91875" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体，秉承理想，帮助中国可持续发展。并为之贡献：理念与传播、培训与教育、实践与孵化。欢迎您加入我们一起并肩前行！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2016 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“一览众山小-可持续城市与交通”</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWu02JdHnaiblGnTAbOiaY1ug39cVIaNcKMuc2f7Ru38ibzYSKE6EGabSX5w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
                    </div>
<br />