国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVv9ou9nULwSNd6WrfDl2UqqVic2n4bj52AxJM4bG15cOLkZbqnicRaicc2fMJnaiama0gpRdyoPibWxQ/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVv9ou9nULwSNd6WrfDl2UqqVic2n4bj52AxJM4bG15cOLkZbqnicRaicc2fMJnaiama0gpRdyoPibWxQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9409090909090909" data-w="220"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字快速关注规划师杂志</section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 1px dashed rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); padding: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 3px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.541176); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术城市构建的意义在于艺术直接与城市形态发生作用，艺术不仅仅是城市空间品质提升的“非标准”工具，还作<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为一种都市日常生活行为的方式，使城市艺术空间系统充满着弹性和可变性。作者苏州大学设计学博士后科研流动站在站博士后，江苏理工学院艺术设计学院副教授邰杰在《规划师》2016年第8期撰文，文章结合城市设计尺度下的几种公共艺术类型，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析了规划目标与艺术、文化和创造力之间的关系，同时结合具体案例论述了艺术城市建构的四大要素耦合策略，进而提出对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">我国艺术城市构建的规划设计建议。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2em; margin: 0.5em 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em; height: 2em; margin-top: 7px; margin-left: -8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 19.2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">★</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 30px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px dashed rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.7em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(244, 242, 240, 0.639216);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   transform: rotateZ(358.05deg); -webkit-transform: rotateZ(358.05deg); -moz-transform: rotateZ(358.05deg); -o-transform: rotateZ(358.05deg); box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: -30px 0% -10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style=" transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icTwIn1LWrIftCR9aQpuzzibVFt2LeCxVwz8ib6q0So98omiaKo6MdnjSuVIZ99Fib6G4OSibPGqPLz8dj1iaTp9jkgQg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.31650485436893205" data-w="515"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计尺度下的公共艺术形式<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.6; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.8; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 2px; font-size: 15px; color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共艺术的三种尺度类型</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计尺度下的公共艺术形式包括区域、社区和街区三种尺度，如《西澳大利亚宜居社区》明确指出活力社区的建设包括社区、城镇、分区/区域三种城市设计尺度的公共艺术形式(图1)。美国景观大师玛莎·舒瓦茨的设计实践范畴亦从在地装置艺术横跨到策略性规划层面的城市设计，她曾以“景观设计：艺术与可持续性”为议题探讨了规划视角下艺术城市建构的三大实践领域：宏观的区域/城市领域、中观的生态城镇领域及微观的公园领域。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVv9ou9nULwSNd6WrfDl2UNHXE4roiaciabP0xvhFfvDicEvFibOYXPmCUXRVjoicF0PKNhCnhXudZ6NA/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.34133042529989094" data-w="917"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.4; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.6; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; opacity: 0.8; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section><section style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(238, 198, 224);"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 2px; font-size: 15px; color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计目标与文化艺术的关联</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">勒·柯布西耶认为，建筑师和规划<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">师感到自己被赋予了设计城市的力量，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而城市是一个整体，一座城市必须要美</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">是因为一种更高的目标，它们超越了仅</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">仅满足功能上的需求</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。从以往的规划</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实践看，规划者往往将艺术和文化作为</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区振兴的一个工具，但随着时代的变</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">迁，他们逐渐意识到在社会生活中艺术和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化对于社会、经济和环境方面的潜在贡</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">献。艺术和文化为城市设计与公众参与提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供了一个媒介：维护、庆祝、挑战和创造</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区认同；参与公众生活；告知、教育及</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">向不同的人群学习；连接人口统计学和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社会经济学的沟通路径。同时，艺术和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化活动可以使公众更充分地参与规划</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实践，如一系列社会远景和目标的设定；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划方案的制定；审查发展情况和基础设</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">施项目；支持经济发展；改善建成环境；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">促进地方管理；加强公共安全；保存文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">遗产与传播文化价值观及历史价值；弥合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化、民族和种族间的差异；创造群体记</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">忆和明确其身份 ( 表 1)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVv9ou9nULwSNd6WrfDl2U1zce2Syqqiax6mibbNmESiaEQ5xgUZIrb3icyXI495QHKh8E4U21P8W18Q/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="1.0491803278688525" data-w="610"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2em; margin: 0.5em 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em; height: 2em; margin-top: 7px; margin-left: -8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 19.2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">★</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">艺术城市建构的四大要素耦合策略</strong></section></span> </section><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(227, 43, 107); margin-top: -1em; padding: 20px 10px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以社区文化遗产定义城市的肌理</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">结构</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">一个健康社区的标志是它能够同时<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">保存和创造它的文化，即保护它的历史</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和遗产，同时为当下的社区文化遗产保</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">护创造出新的表达方式。艺术家、历史</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">学家、文学家、民俗学家、人类学家、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划师等领军人物及其他社区领导者在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">保存一个地方的历史和传统中起着重要</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的作用，并能缓和地方的紧张态势，同</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">时鼓励与尊重地方改变其对文化景观的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">态度。尽管一个地方的历史和遗产相当</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重要，但人们很少将对其的保存视为一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个地方创新和进步的潜在基础，导致太</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">多的日常资源在保留有显著意义的空间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和对象、记录老年人的故事和一个社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的当代文化实践方面发挥的作用有限。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">德国学者沙尔霍恩与施马沙伊特在《城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市设计基本原理：空间—建筑—城市》</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中就“场所之间的关系、公众艺术品”</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的议题指出，“城市有这样的功能，作</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为公共空间，帮助个体获得识别性，在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此，这种识别性有着双重的意义。人们</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">参与其间，而相互识别……在一定的日</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">常事件的范围内，这一特质消除了，更</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">确切地说是获得了虚构的、有效的意义，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">演变为有特殊精神含义的场所，在上面</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提到的双重识别的层面上，以其积极的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">效用获得了特殊的意义。整体就是场所、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活动空间相互联系构筑的网络。如果我</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">们在空间、建筑的排序内外，把城市理</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">解为社会的进程；如果我们根据卡内逖</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的说法，认为城市具有艺术的本质，它</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">所阐述的真实通过排序给人以安慰、使</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人解脱，那么城市就可理解为公众的艺</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">术品”</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">圣地亚哥艺术与文化委员会通过公<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共艺术项目，与艺术家、艺术专业人士、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建筑师、城市规划师、社区成员和业务</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">伙伴及画廊、博物馆、大学和各种城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划机构建立紧密合作，制定公共艺术的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">优先发展策略并在城市创造出携带历史文</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化信息的地标性艺术作品，尝试将公共艺</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">术融入城市文脉肌理甚至是城市规划的策</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">略、计划和框架中。公共艺术项目的介入，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可以提升公众对艺术的体验感和欣赏水</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">平，创造成功的、吸引人的公共空间，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提高城市设计质量，加强公共基础设施</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建设，提高公共设施(如交通系统)的使</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用效率，加强邻里和社区认同感与自豪</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">感，纪念社区的历史遗产和文化多样性，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提供教育和学习的机会，为地区的艺术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">家创造发展才能的机会。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以城市公共艺术激发开放型的经济</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活力</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">圣地亚哥公共艺术总体规划 (Public <span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Art Master Plan)旨在推进充满活力的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市文化，其公共艺术项目的首要目标</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">是构建“充满活力的文化，充满活力的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市”—创造一个多样化、卓越的公</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共艺术作品集合。公共艺术项目应该是</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">圣地亚哥这个城市最明显的标志，它致</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力于培养创造力、鼓励多样性的思想和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提高城市对多样化意见的容忍度。可见，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具有强大、生动的公共艺术规划的城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">往往有着持续的经济实力，吸引并集聚</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了众多企业和个人，亦为居民和游客提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供了优良的人文环境，为其终身学习提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供了机会，更有助于保护其社区历史遗</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。 正如德波在《景观社会》中论述</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的一样，“实际上，环境可能结合的多</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">样性，类似于在无限多的混合剂中的纯</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">粹化学制品的混合，它引起的感情像能</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">够唤醒的景观的任何其他形式一样，既</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分化又合成……因此，导致我们从事城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市环境要素协调的研究，与他们所挑起</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的感情密切相关，并承担了大胆的解释，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这一假设必须根据体验，通过批评和自</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">我批评而不断地修正”</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">如今，人们逐渐认识到在一个街区<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">或社区中，艺术、文化部门的活动与经</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">济活力之间的关联。例如，高密度的创</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">意企业和工人在一个地理区域通过提升</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区的生活质量、提高其吸引经济活动</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的能力及创造一个创新的氛围，形成城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市内在的竞争优势，如在一个城市或区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">域，社区中所有类型的艺术和文化活动</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的蓬勃发展对于一个熟练的并受过教育</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的劳动力的招聘与留用是至关重要的；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在一个特定的街区或社区场所呈现的艺</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">术和文化，亦可以通过增加关注度与步</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">行交通人流量来促进城市更多元的发展。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">此外，就全球经济而言，正式和非正式</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的艺术培训可以有助于发展人们各方面</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的技能，如较强的口头及书面沟通能力、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">精准和高质量的工作业绩、融入团队和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集成工作、在新的和创新环境下的舒适</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性。赵容慧等人即从产业经济发展的视</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">野出发研析了台湾台南市土沟社区的营</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">造案例，认为艺术与当地产业及特色文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">相融合所产生的文化创意产业，以社区居</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民为共同承担、开创、经营与利益回报的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">主体，以社区原有的文化历史、技术手段</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及自然资源为基础，经过资源的发现、确</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">认与活用等方法，为居民提供了社区生活、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生产、生态与生命等社区文化的分享、体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">验与学习平台。由此，土沟社区通过艺术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的力量让地方产业有了永续的发展。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3. 社区独特性与地方认同感的标记性</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间肌理加上结构关系(功能<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和空间双重意义)是塑造一个城市区域(城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市社区)的基本形式逻辑，文丘里曾精准</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地从日常哲学的视角指出波普艺术某些</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生动的经验教训，其中包括尺度和背景</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的矛盾。他认为理应把建筑师从纯粹法</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">则的幻梦中唤醒过来，因为这种幻梦在</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现代建筑体制下的城市重建规划中受格</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">式塔心理学的影响容易造成统一的欺骗，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">然而让人庆幸的是，它们不可能真正取</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">得任何重大成就。他还认为人们也许能</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">从粗俗且为人所不屑的日常景观中吸取</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生动而有力的、复杂和矛盾的法则，把</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建筑变成一个文明的整体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术、文化和创造性策略有助于揭<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">示与提高城市的可识别性—独特的意</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">义、价值和特征，以此构成了社会的物</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">质和形态的基础。基于此，艺术、文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和创造性策略作为探索社区环境的总体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">策略的一部分，规划师可以通过城市设</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计和场所营造，充分利用艺术和文化资</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">源、社区远景、规划流程、设计指南、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术和文化规划、总体规划和公共财政</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">投资等要素，培育和拥抱社区的多样性</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与独特性，并建立和凸显社区的独特性。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而在关键的决策过程中，对这些要素的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">应用都需要考虑所有的社会利益、艺术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和文化资源在城市文脉框架中的整合及</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对过去、现在和未来社会价值的冲突性质</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的认可与平衡。例如，在设计和建筑层面，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">随着圣地亚哥的城市发展，其公共开放空</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间也迅速得以开发并始终处于溢价状态，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人们日益意识到公共空间正逐渐成为每</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个人的“私人”空间的一部分—公共</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的一个关键属性。正如一个规划参</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与者所说：“这不只是一个伟大的建筑，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这也是一个伟大城市的建筑之间的空间。”</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可见，社区的公共场所的质量(包括吸引</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力、安全、清洁、绿化和设施等)对所有</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人来说都是至关重要的。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">公共艺术有助于更宜居地填补城市<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发展的空隙，许多成功的项目都应用了</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一个参与者所说的“整个社会的整体方</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">法”，即公共艺术使得社区中心、城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公园或重建项目更具吸引力，甚至它可</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能不会被认可为公共艺术，正如一位规</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划参与者所说，“最成功的公共艺术类</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型却是人们几乎没有注意到它”。圣地</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">亚哥的中心城市艺术规划 (Centre City </span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Arts Plan)从这一角度指出：使用文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有助于实现市中心的目标—“非常重</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要的是，市民可以参与和享受公共艺术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">导入下的公共场所和社会生活模式”，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">另外，其城市艺术规划的首要目标是“重</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建项目中的公共艺术”，以提高整个中</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">心城市的审美环境，包括各种各样的艺</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">术形式，如临时和永久的视觉艺术、表</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">演及文化活动。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4. 增强各阶层对公共艺术的社区参与</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">社区参与是一种关系的建立，鼓励<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">学习和行动及对一个场域问题或计划意</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">见的表达过程。例如，通过强化公共服</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务承诺的实施为决策者带来更多的建议，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可以为规划层面较高水平的社区参与提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供活力和创意。实际上，通过民意调查、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划工作坊、资产规划、市政厅会议和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公开听证会等传统的工具，规划师和社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区领导者已经有力地推动了社区参与。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">同时，创新性工具也正在被越来越多地</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用于规划领域，如此，可促进社会参与的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划活动的顺利开展和目标的实现，如视</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">觉艺术技巧、讲故事、节日、展览、舞蹈、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">使用口语词、照片之声、音乐、表演、基</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于Web的应用程序和社区活动等创新性</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">工具，均强调公众的接受输入程度、真正</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的反馈确认、易于参与和人际关系的发展。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">圣地亚哥的公共艺术项目(Public </span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Art Program)有超过150人(代表了圣</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地亚哥所有阶层人群)的积极参与，整</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个参与过程充分表达了他们对城市景观</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的关注及对呈现圣地亚哥独特性和文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">遗产的关切。公共艺术总体规划是为了</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研究与加强现有的公共艺术项目的实施</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">手段，建立一个具有广泛适用性的程序</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">并提高实施的可行性，如将规划草案提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交至一系列由本地艺术家、建筑师、工</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">程师、项目经理、设计师和感兴趣的市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民共同组成的专家研讨会，由此产生出</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划重点，并通过两个途径加强圣地亚</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">哥的城市公共艺术项目：一是通过增加</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">参与有意义的社区项目的机会，提高大</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">众参与公共艺术项目的意识。具体可体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">现在修改项目和艺术家选择的建议、提</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">供更多的社区项目参与机会、与圣地亚</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">哥其他城市部门和独立机构的合作方式、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为本地艺术家提供重要的培训和机会的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">手段，以及使城市公共艺术与大型社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和城市设计问题紧密关联等方面。二是</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">聚焦于公共艺术项目的管理和组织(包</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">括资助)，包括提出简化程序流程的方式，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">讨论公共艺术规划的资助方式，且这个</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划过程涉及关于建立一个艺术城市政</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">策所需投资比例的广泛讨论的可行性，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">同时包括一系列通过各种资金来源(包</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">括公共和私人参与)为该项目提供资金</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">支持的建议，还包含一套城市公共艺术规</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划的政策、准则和原则，并概述了未来的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">管理程序和建议步骤。Jessica Zalewski</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在《艺术城市问道：杰瑞米·福尤特》</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">(Art City Asks: Jeremy Fojut) 中亦提及</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了“艺术密尔沃基”—通过艺术，丰</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">富、授权和激励城市社区的发展。譬如，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在密尔沃基湖滨国家公园开展城市岛海</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">滩派对—由密尔沃基奥德赛支持的一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个现场音乐、现场作画、生活照片展位项</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">目和抽象绘画与电影的筹款活动。而且，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在每个月的艺术盛会及每个密尔沃基的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">节日中，“画廊之夜”的艺术巴士均巡</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">游在密尔沃基各地(如城市生态中心社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区等)，“艺术密尔沃基”似乎无处不在，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">旨在为当地艺术家与密尔沃基各年龄层</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的市民提供一个艺术的现场互动平台。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2em; margin: 0.5em 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em; height: 2em; margin-top: 7px; margin-left: -8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 19.2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">★</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 2px 8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对我国建设艺术城市的规划设计<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建议</span></strong></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin: -1em 0px 0px; padding: 1em 10px 5px; border: 6px solid rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于艺术和规划连通性的社区营造</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 5px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术城市特别强调文化、艺术和规<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划之间的联系，其以多程式化的姿态走</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">向城市文化的重要性在于其在组织物质</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与人的关系中发挥着特别重要的作用，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">表达了“集体记忆”在实际城市规划实</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">践中需要寻找文化艺术的迫切需要(社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">会文化领域的认同感、访问、参与需求)，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生成了城市独特的、全新的社会结构。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因此，在艺术城市规划中，“文化艺术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划”必须进入城市规划师的语言系统，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化艺术不能后置、不能被添加，只能</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">从城市历史矩阵中提取本土内生的文化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因子并将其置入城市规划的逻辑框架中，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">即公共艺术不是马后炮、不能强迫装饰</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间及无法减轻因城市空间规划不</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">周而造成的影响—这通常发生在一个</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">支离破碎的规划过程的后期。相反，公</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">共艺术应该是社区规划不可或缺的要素，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通过增加公共领域开放的机会并总结规</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划经验，可以使关心建成环境质量的市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">民的公民话语权更具创造意义。而且，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公共艺术有力量改变社区，激励和启发</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人们对改善建成环境的热情与积极性。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划通过公共艺术的介入已将社区从“匿</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">名”的空间转变为反映丰富历史、尊重</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文化差异、传播社会价值的大型艺术景</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">观社区。在公共场所越来越私有化和均</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">质化的当下，公共艺术已成为将社区项</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">目规划设计为具有独特识别性的一个重</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要方式，亦可加强人们与邻里人群之间</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的关系，增强社区认同感。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于文化和时间层叠性的艺术空间<span style="line-height: 1.36; box-sizing: border-box;">规划</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">极具挑战性的、富有想象力的艺术<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划是一种营造城市特色空间的操</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">作方式，更是一种特殊的策略，通过一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种有“生成性”的实验性文化实践方式，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生成没有边界、开放的城市“平滑空间”。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在这一空间中，拥有确保城市安全健康</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">底线的韧性基础设施、讲究投资与效益</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">最大化的整合性空间及着眼未来的城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人文建设，并将其融合到城市设计的操</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">作当中。而城市艺术空间就是没有边界</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的、由艺术情境与语境“浸入”的模糊</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地带，艺术城市是悬浮在城市结构之上</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的叠加体系，是不同艺术场域结合下的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间相互叠加和并置的结果，因此</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术城市自身的逻辑是会随时间而改变</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的。同样的，城市公共艺术形式也会因</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">所发生的事件不同而不同。城市既是关</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于空间的，又是关于事件和运动的，城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">不能脱离发生在其中的事件而单独存在，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">即包括情境城市中的线索、逻辑、氛围等</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要素及艺术装置、艺术事件活动等。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于功能和环境资产性的开放空间<span style="line-height: 1.36; box-sizing: border-box;">规划</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">艺术城市将是一个繁荣的、多样化<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的文化和娱乐中心，包括新一代的城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">娱乐综合体，活力四射的娱乐、购物和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">生活中心，供人们不断学习和探索的场</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">所，可供娱乐休闲的城市开放空间，以</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及将新建公共艺术融入到已有社区中的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间。同时，艺术城市将是一个具</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有加强型网络的绿色街道、公共空间公</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">园娱乐系统，着力于五个城市设计领域</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的建设：公园、小径和开放空间系统；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">绿色街道网络；独特的紧凑性功能(如</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公共艺术、景观走廊等)；公共艺术基础</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">设施；公共文化领域管理。艺术城市的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发展亦可被描述为“后工业时代的财富</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创造模式”，艺术及更广泛的文化资源</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和设施往往被视为战略性的城市资产，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">它们在城市新经济中发挥着重新组织城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市社会经济结构的特殊作用，为城市之</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间的各种艺术和民间组织、物业业主和</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">私人投资者提供了合作框架，即建立一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个非营利组织和一个地方政府实体，而</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">这两个主体的主要合作伙伴之一则必须</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">是一个具有文化(艺术或设计)性质的组</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">织，以创造一个生动、动态和可持续的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市艺术中心区。人们需要识别这种实</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">际的和潜在的作用，明确艺术和文化对城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市的贡献，如艺术城市规划即鼓励工业/</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">遗产/历史街区的更新、凸显基于知识产</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">权的文化创意产业在城市商业社区中的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">战略意义、为城市地区建立独特的品牌</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和生态位、建立地方/区域认同感和独特</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的艺术品牌、提供涉及城市“关键质量”</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的艺术元素及创意场所、创建更安全的街</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">道、确保城市文化战略的多样性、发挥高</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">增长领域的“艺术”和“技术”之间的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">协同作用、巩固市中心地区成为更具吸</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">引力的办公场所和住所、创建非功能性</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和非正式的高质量艺术基础设施网络等。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em; margin-bottom: -35px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(219, 109, 109);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2016年8期</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>艺术城市建构策略及其规划设计建议<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>》</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(219, 109, 109, 0.721569);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaVv9ou9nULwSNd6WrfDl2UoLU17YMOIAqdvibXelBIsrIe8Vx3dl3gE5Cdg5wTjQOekqpM6VWAJTA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8654867256637168" data-w="565"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; float: left; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-left: 23px; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-right-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-right-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-top: -1px; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; margin-right: 8px; border-right-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-right-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; margin-left: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-bottom-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -1px; margin-left: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-right-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); border-top-color: rgba(208, 20, 115, 0.8); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 90%; margin: -1em 5% 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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