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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKkeddY0Ut3k7gEwqWic1lqaQgcfNgQcqD5DOVDRlaP7jwsGvq156Ef8g/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKkeddY0Ut3k7gEwqWic1lqaQgcfNgQcqD5DOVDRlaP7jwsGvq156Ef8g/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9375" data-w="64"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字快速关注规划师杂志</section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 9px; margin: -9px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; padding: 15px; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区是构建低碳生态城市的基本单元和重要载体，中国城市低碳生态社区空间形态评价研究定性多、定量少，<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">主要原因是评价体系单一，指标可获得性低。作者</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院讲师徐怡珊</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">，西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">周典，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院本科生张丹阳，宋越，高晗在《规划师》2016年第7期撰文，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">文章构建一个多层次、多目标的评价体系，通过定量的系统分析模型增强其可操作性，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">并以西安典型社区为例，初步探讨低碳生态社区空间形态评价体系的应用，提出微观层面低碳生态社区的规划策略。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-top-width: 1.2em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-left-width: 0.7em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.7em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.8em 0.8em 0px 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区空间形态评价指标<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的建立</span></section></span> </section><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(34, 136, 146); border-radius: 0px 0px 0.8em 0.8em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">人居环境是人类利用自然、改造自<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">然的主要场所，包括自然、人类、社会、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居住、支撑五大系统和全球、区域、城</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市、社区、建筑五大层次</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。目前学术</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">界大多从社区空间形态宏观定性角度出</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">发，对低碳生态社区人居环境的影响展</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">开分析。然而，低碳生态社区空间形态</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">本身就是一个多空间尺度、多空间维度</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的概念，必须进行统一标准的定量研究，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而模型方法及变量选取是研究的重点。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Cervero R 等人的研究提出低碳生态社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区的空间形态因素可以从3个维度来构</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建，即社区空间形态的“3D”框架：密</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">度(Density)、多样性(Diversity)和设</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计(Design)</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。也有学者提出更全面的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“5D”模型，除密度、多样性和设计外，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">引入了距公交站点距离(Distance to </span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Transit)和目的地可达性(Destination </span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Accessibility)</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。基于对国内外学术研</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究和规划实践前沿的讨论，本文从中观</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区层面，为低碳生态社区空间形态及</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划策略提供一个基本框架和量化指标。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">由于影响低碳生态社区人居环境的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因素很多，研究将整体指标分解为若干变</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">量，用以构建低碳生态社区空间形态评</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">价指标模型，形成递阶层次结构。具体</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">指标归纳为：以五大类准则层作为重点，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">包括社区密度、社区多样性、社区设计、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公交站点可达性和公共设施可达性；隶属</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">各准则层因素的9个评价因素则由相关</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">子变量加以描述，并构成子准则层。每一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个评价因素对上一层次的评价因素的综</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合评价作出贡献，从而建立起两级层次</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析体系并进行综合评价(表1)。准则层</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的具体描述如下：</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)社区密度：以社区作为分析单元，<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">统计每个社区的人口密度、建筑密度与</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">容积率。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)社区多样性：主要针对社区周边<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">各类公共服务设施，如购物、医疗、教育、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">娱乐、就业、餐饮、住宿与文体等设施，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">统计其分布密度并进行判断。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)社区设计：主要测算每个社区建<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">筑的平均体形系数、平均窗墙比与水平</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">风速。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(4)公交站点可达性：主要测算每个<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区中心到达周边公交或地铁站点的最</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">短距离。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(5)公共设施可达性：主要针对社区<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">周边使用频繁的公共服务设施，如教育、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">医疗卫生与商业服务等设施，测算每个</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区中心到达公共服务设施的最短距离。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKM9HW0wiaJKEzd1lA8Jbu0Zc6OAvCXQrH0ibPJFM03Vt1nDh4ZxQev6ng/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.599250936329588" data-w="534"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">定量的系统分析模型</strong></section></span> </section><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160); margin-top: -1em; padding: 20px 10px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; padding-top: 3px; border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.准则层指标优劣排序</section></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-width: 0.8em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区空间形态评价指标权<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重是通过问卷调查和专家咨询获得，利</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用问卷采集使用者对5个一级指标的优</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">劣评价信息并进行排序，根据AHP法获</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">得的一级指标得分情况可确定准则层各</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">因素的相对优劣排序(表2)。本次问卷</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">调查共发出问卷100份，回收问卷97份，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">剔除回答不完整的问卷，得到有效问卷</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">92份。数据表明，排在第一位的是社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">密度指标，排在第二至第四位的依次为</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区设计指标、公共设施可达性指标、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">社区多样性指标和公交站点可达性指标。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKFsWpDmnlTPCVfVVFjNm4Kc8pgfvu8UoV8PmTlwR4iblacggeEbUCVcA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.24157303370786518" data-w="534"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; padding-top: 3px; border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.准则层指标权重计算</section></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-width: 0.8em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">标度系统的选择是AHP法应用中<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的基本问题，将人的定性主观判断转换</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为一个定量的判断矩阵，其合理性取决</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于标度选择。根据标度函数，构造两两</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">比较判断矩阵，计算判断矩阵的最大特</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">征根及与其对应的特征向量，并进行一</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">致性检验 ( 表 3)。具体的公式如下：</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKtEhJyicu5X1JJwytuSg0h5LfoYgwOaGrEQ5VmNKP7eC0dNM6kUlEulQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5112359550561798" data-w="356"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKGxaRl5ic5ibugLe1nEuwIwAycKClGwY2aZWcE7KfugbdTvcB1J0dIsFw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.20037453183520598" data-w="534"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; padding-top: 3px; border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>子准则层指标权重分析</section></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-width: 0.8em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">由于子准则层因素较多，本文充分<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">利用调查数据来构造判断矩阵，增加可</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">操作性。将各因素的数量性指标得分的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">平均值作为判断重要性的基本依据。基</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于标度函数模型进行层次分析，问卷中</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的各评价等级按1～5分的标度赋值。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在此基础上，根据低碳生态社区空间形</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">态指标值求平均值，获得5个准则层变</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">量下的子准则层指标平均值。通过数量</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性指标按标度函数构造两两比较判断矩</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">阵，计算判断矩阵的最大特征根和与最</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大特征根对应的特征向量，并进行一致</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性检验，求出子准则层对准则层的单排</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">序和总排序结果，求得特征向量总排序</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">(W)，即可判断各评价指标的权重(表4)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKqcEZXg1SMcwmxCaF7xXJfnqXHFIsUVZzTBJRYrSXVmSyNHdoHw7Klw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.41760299625468167" data-w="534"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 2px 8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西安典型社区实证评价</strong></section></section></section><section class="" style="border: 6px solid rgb(34, 136, 146); margin: -1em 0px 0px; padding: 1em 10px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究对象</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">研究数据来源于2014年10月西安<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交通大学人居环境研究中心团队利用低</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">碳生态社区空间形态评价指标模型，对</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">西安典型社区展开的调查。根据城市社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区建设年代、开发模式及居民特征，选</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">取交大三村、常春藤花园和铁炉庙一村</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">3类社区作为研究重点，涵盖单位型社</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区、新建型社区及传统型社区等社区类</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型，因此具有较高的研究价值(表5)。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">研究方法为多元变量统计建模，根据现</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">场调查测量和处理，利用5个一级指标</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和9个二级指标的基础数据，建立数据</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">库计量模型，最终对结果进行统计分析</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和比较。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKl7IkcONtkicI5fT4O5YrCLssHYCqbTPGOmxATKF7LqeC7hLgvaLA5hw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.4122137404580153" data-w="524"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">评价方法</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKB4Tw2LoQS60Yd9nfvZKOvpicQBvV7kz6BvaboRrT09hRvQLQSn28emA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1.481081081081081" data-w="370"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLK7rzicJvdJYFlvOyQpzU9ZiaZbfQvEIUSMyCJH0Yf9rsjOIwsUmDFWfNg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1.337837837837838" data-w="370"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKyJXET6cFgE5ZdiaFsQ3v977xFX3uK6DfIG1Q886M4Ric31Uu1qIDj4tQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.4732824427480916" data-w="524"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKpYORHs4IcgDicDhK94AEFXJHVo11sbZ7Nmml5Rf6ZeSkMVficM9mZLXA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.17748091603053434" data-w="524"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 2px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 8px; margin-right: 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">评价分析</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKibf3ia9jcOMDuHCjLzp4T5C2GY9hPZ7w2wK95mdnzL0RXBzE8nPoDuFA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.896640826873385" data-w="387"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKTQBqqictaOLYwyouAlnPTpPgTicUWsK4iccQIpjgibbDxduXcxdysOiaASA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1.0520833333333333" data-w="384"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKAic04B7EaAbYreEPvQFV8kBX0MqXnBQyYU5BTyYmCMibRHdSWBZibCGsw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1.2335958005249343" data-w="381"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKR4qr52pkkyicQplGjEibYxHib3WdVL9wMCwDxrYnh137BmwTweacF4GAg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.5289256198347108" data-w="363"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"></section><section class="" style="border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: none solid solid; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px; border-color: rgb(49, 37, 3); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 21px; padding: 5px 10px; color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区规划策略</section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; padding: 10px; border-top-color: rgb(49, 37, 3); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)重构社区人居环境单元多层级与<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合理尺度。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">社区人居环境单元是由社区地理单<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">元与人居环境单元相互作用而构成的复</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">杂系统，合理的层级与尺度既有利于增</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">强居民邻里交往，又可提高公共设施使</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用效率，缩短出行距离，提高可达性，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">最终为实现低碳生态提供有效手段。现</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有社区地理单元多由行政界限划定，存</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在空间组织结构单一、人口用地规模过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大等问题。对此，本文重构社区人居环</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">境单元体系：在空间层级方面，建立</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“小规模单元(细胞)—基层社区单元</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">( 组团 )—居住社区单元 ( 社区 )”三级；</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在空间尺度方面，以150m、300m、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">500m作为辐射边界范围，对社区人居</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境单元进行小规模化处理，加大社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">道路的网络密度，细分社区单元的层级</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">尺度，设计适合步行和小尺度商业活动</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的社区。这也是降低居民生活碳排放的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有效途径。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)提高社区人居环境单元的紧凑度<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和多样性。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区规划强调土地混合利<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用、空间形态紧凑、用地功能多样等特征。</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">首先，通过综合多样化功能空间，包括</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居住空间、教育空间、工作空间、购物</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间、娱乐空间与绿地等，实现土地的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集约利用，形成满足多样化、多层次活</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">动需求的社区功能网络；其次，提倡合</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">理的人口规模和多元的土地利用，缩短</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">活动空间和家庭之间的距离，增进社区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内部的物质、信息、能量交流，减少污</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">染与能量消耗，增强社区活力；最后，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提倡采用紧凑式空间形态，这不仅有利</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于节约用地，适度提高容积率和建筑密</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">度，构建社区生态绿化基底，还可通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集中建设廊道等设计手法，有效减少道</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">路铺设面积和设施管线长度，降低对生</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">态因子的影响。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)重视社区绿色建筑节能与规划风<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境设计。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">首先，社区绿色建筑节能设计应注<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重建筑朝向和绿化布置，提高建筑自然</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">采光与通风隔热的性能，采用自然通风，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以取代夏季空调作用；在户型设计上，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">采用明厅、明卧、明厨与明卫设计，节</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">约照明用电；应用新技术和新材料(如</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">隔热、隔音、防辐射低能耗玻璃等)，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">保证室内环境的舒适度。其次，充分利</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用风环境设计为社区提供良好的气候环</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">境，建筑选址、规划与布局应有利于冬</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">季日照、避风和夏季自然通风，建筑的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">朝向宜采用南北向或接近南北向，小区</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的空间开口方向宜迎向夏季最多频率风</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">向，避开冬季最多频率风向。最后，高</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">密度形态下的社区风环境问题集中在静</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">风区过多方面，可通过合理的建筑群组</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合，从平面布局与空间形态上进行优化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">配置；在主导风向上，打开迎风口，增</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">加气流流量，并采用绿化措施，以利于</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">气流通过。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(4)提高社区公交站点与公共设施的<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可达性。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">低碳生态社区的公共设施应以公交<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">站点为核心聚集，增加公共设施的吸引</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力和规模，减少出行次数，缩短出行距</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">离，使步行出行、自行车出行及公共交</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通出行变得更为容易。社区公交站点与</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">公共设施的可达性应符合社区居民居住、</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">教育、医疗与购物等日常生活所需的最</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">大心理出行距离，实现与社区人居环境</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">三级单元体系对接，以150m、300m</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和 500m作为社区日常生活圈的活动半</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">径进行合理性空间分布。社区公共设施</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">应按照相对集中与均衡分布的原则优化</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间布局，注重社区公共设施配套建设，</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">强调公平性与均等化，满足社区居民的</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">基本需求，促使居民在社区消费，减少</span><span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对机动车的依赖，达到节能减排的目标。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em; margin-bottom: -35px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2016年7期</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>低碳生态社区空间形态评价体系与应用</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLK5rQt5Lrfr94sTS3g5yana8960Jn9mIhIzL66plz8PYicSpInl9LjdhQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8651079136690647" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; float: left; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-left: 23px; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-left: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-top: -1px; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; margin-right: 8px; border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -8px; margin-left: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-top: -1px; margin-left: 16px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 90%; margin: -1em 5% 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;">转载须知</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">由规划师杂志原创文章请遵循以下转载要求：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号请于文章发布<span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107); box-sizing: border-box;">两天后</span>转载，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转载时后台回复“转载”二字，</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">无授权图片的童鞋会被举报的哦！</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: -37px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-top: -1px; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-left: 8px; margin-top: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; margin-top: -8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; margin-left: 23px; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 16px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px; height: 16px; margin-left: 8px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px; height: 8px; margin-top: -8px; margin-right: 18px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-top-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 8px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgOVJ3RwgdtC4IPOmfe7PLKtvj22zh2sql9zVdN0TCsG1WibFK9cqMJTIKY8LIhTxfaaSDZOtyDj3g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8507194244604317" data-w=""  /></section></section></section>
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