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<p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJFA8AwK8iaWwZibvIbYjhBvlCsIqb2vQ7iaL4Esm9iaPVwQr9hOfmy8M2cA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6672661870503597" data-w=""  /><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-right: 1px; padding-left: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160); padding: 3px 5px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">导</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">读</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 85%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(97, 182, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境绩效和生态规划分别作为目标性指标和措施性指标，彼此应具有对应联系。对环境效果开展量化评估，引导城市建设更加注重投入的效益情况，将有效推动区域环境的可持续改善，促进城市发展模式的转变。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>由技术创新中心承办的2016年第四届清华同衡学术周：“未来城市：智慧+绿色”专场，不同领域的专家学者共聚一堂，围绕“未来城市：智慧+绿色”的主题，从不同视角为我们勾勒出一个不一样的“未来城市”。</p><p><br  /></p><p>本期内容分享北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司副总建筑师/绿色建筑研究所焦舰所长所做的演讲“<span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">城市生态规划与环境绩效</span>”，以飨读者。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(70, 127, 156);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>选题背景</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">生态规划和环境绩效密切相关</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">可持续城市包括社会可持续、环境可持续和资源可持续。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">实现环境可持续首先需要设定环境发展目标，即环境绩效指标，通过生态规划做设计，然后通过生态修复与建设的时间工作最后达成这个目标。所以说，<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">环境绩效和生态规划是两套各自不同的指标体系，前者是目标性的指标，后者是特殊性的指标</span>，两者之间应该有一定的因果关系。</span><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJibtuS8ACjPaBbJ1V5fIrGibLKzOOLwvvLvBl8KclrnWYAuPeqXmUBFQg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.6672661870503597" data-w=""  /><br  /></span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">指标体系设计与现实需求存在差距</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">已有指标体系主要存在以下问题：</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">一是指标数目过多、体系繁杂；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">二是发展目标类、建设管理类、考核评价类、措施手段类指标相互混杂；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">三是部分指标有主观性，难以量化实施，如空间宜人性、空间结构生态化等指标。</span><br  /></p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效考评研究势在必行</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">基于目标导向型思维，通过对环境效果展开量化评估，对生态城建设的环境实效展开长期跟踪与检测，有利于引导投入效率，提高人居感受，协调政府、科研机构与公众环境认知。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(70, 127, 156);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">建立科学的环境绩效评估方法</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效评估的五大要点</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">注重环境监测的实际效果</span><span style="color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">，建立数据库开展纵向、横向比较；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">注重评估指标的因地制宜</span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); line-height: 1.6;">，不套用统一的评估指标；</span></span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">注重环境状况的综合评估</span>，选择一个或数个体现地域代表性特色的指标开展评价；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">注重人与自然和谐</span>，开展生物多样性（物种和生境）评估；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">注重环境评价结果与公众感知保持一致。</span></p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效评估的四个方面</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">基于五大要点，将环境绩效评估划分为四个方面。</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">一是土地利用</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">，包括限制发展区域保护和土地生态修复；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">二是水资源保护</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">，包括水质变化、污水处理；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">三是局地气象和大气质量</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">，包括风环境与热环境、污染物和特定毒性物质浓度、能源利用与节能减排；</span></p></li><li><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">四是生物多样性</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 14px;">，包括整个区域的物种多样性、生境的变化、生态系统稳定性。</span><br  /></p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效评估的工作程序</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">首先，根据一个城区的具体状况进行分析，基于发展定位和方向，筛选关键评估指标，比如在某个评估过程中我们非常关注水质，因为它是城市重要水源地。紧接着，进行评估数据的采集，建立一个长效跟踪的数据库。之后，有效分析数据，给出评估结果和改善措施建议。最后，通过数据质量优化和评估内容改进等途径，提升综合评估能力。</span><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJq6ibqn8uVqcjOWe0xYqpX5EiaowopnJDHcrHneliahgfj2eDibz5KP4KBw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.4676258992805755" data-w=""  /><br  /></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(70, 127, 156);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效评估实践工作</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">基于以上研究方法，设计了一个环境绩效评估导则（<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">《住房城乡建设部办公厅关于印发城市生态建设环境绩效评估导则（试行）的通知》，简称《环境绩效评估导则》</span>），并于2015年11月10日，由住建部推向全国试用，这将有力推动环境绩效评估工作在全国城市生态建设中的推广和应用。</span><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJ668j8DmGrCpxrHXu1Tibs1ZHicJrCX2BbAdOnXgtcsN4OcV71TcVY4uQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1.3677685950413223" data-w="484"  /><br  /></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">《环境绩效评估导则》内容简介</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">整个指标体系针对</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">土地利用、水资源保护、局地气象与大气质量、生物多样性</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">四个主要环境影响评估方向，分别从<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">10个主要评估方面给出29项推荐性评估指标</span>，使用者可根据具体建设项目情况，基于环境影响特征、环境保护目标、数据可获得情况等选择适当的环境绩效评估指标。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">每项评估指标包括<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">指标定义、评估目标、适用范围、计算方法、评判标准</span>五方面内容。各评估指标采用<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">极值标准化法</span>进行量化处理，评判基准遵循有来源、有依据的原则，评估对象可分为<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">城市新建区、旧城改建区、棕地更新区、生态限建区</span>四种类别，各类型的绿色生态城区可按照各自开发特点和环境保护侧重选择相应评估指标，并设定相应权重系数。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">环境绩效评估工作难点与研究方向</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">在具体的评估工作中，由于国家各部委条块分割想象较为严重，相关机制尚未建立，<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">评估数据采<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">集和把握</span>工作是一个很大的瓶颈和难点。</span>另外，<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">通过环境绩效指标对生态规划指标的效果进行评估存在一定难度。</span>例如，将我们做的29个环境绩效指标和常规的生态规划指标进行对比，发现诸如职住平衡、混合用地和地下空间开发此类的用地指标很难与环境绩效指标进行对应，难以量化评估。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>通过对比研究，不禁提出几点疑问。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">一是很难建立指标和目标之间的因果关系。二是生态规划指标是否有绩效、如何验证？三是定量和定性的关系怎么处理？四是技术方案的软性。五是有没有必要建立统一的指标体系？六是有没有一个能够统领的指标？</span>这些都是需要下一步进行深入研究解决的问题。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">建立环境绩效与城市生态空间形态良性互动</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">最后，焦所长分享了“关于永兴河及周边生态体系建设”生态规划项目。<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">用生态规划理念指导城市设计，进而总结生态指标，使环境绩效和城市空间形态产生良性互动与融合。</span></span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>该项目提出打造健康绿色的生态城市、推进城市空间的文化传承、塑造独具特色的区域环境、提升区域内综合土地价值四大建设目标，生态空间格局规划综合考虑北京市整体生态布局和大兴区生态廊道定位。城市空间方案设计主要运用了以下几个方面的生态规划理念：<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">通过海绵城市理念，构建区域水网系统；引入通风廊道策略，降低城市热导效应；穿越森林去机场；能够俯瞰湿地公园的起降体验；滨水综合利用提升对城市活力。</span>最终，将生态环境绩效和空间方案设计紧密结合在一起。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJ3DaKT2GkGryfjlvia0RTedSLjsPBDBx5NLyOG9SpqxOywLib9MZaCuicg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.64568345323741" data-w=""  /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">引入通风廊道策略，降低城市热导效应（示意图）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJzrJrdYHvMXMklaTUwxvUzDvfOjsNJga0YVQWyyBnPoeOqFzbtot5Vg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6258992805755396" data-w=""  /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">穿越森林去机场（示意图）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6CIenDyUj6J0Oibg91oPSMJnRng70EWicLQPyuicULM7PnqzpUHvY90bibtWL5dhslWDca4PufC6E91g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6258992805755396" data-w=""  /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">能够俯瞰湿地公园的起降体验（示意图）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px;">本内容由清华同衡 技术创新中心提供</span></strong></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: inherit; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-color: rgb(171, 87, 94); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; 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border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 15.9943px; width: 24px; float: right; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 87, 94); border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW6pydYwHfAq3jdqTvMUn3MXq0vfk1EvgEiaIlickVglRHAlFpE6rqMwU2NYPGn906jAbkIjzIFRURXg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.3723021582733813" data-w="" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal;"  /><br  /></p>
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