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<p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaGzDRFV3F3KrBUCt0ytibvK97uXxDnEUlx9P0SNibicDvriaZKgYA3DWBxw.jpg" /><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-right: 1px; padding-left: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160); padding: 3px 5px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">导</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">读</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 85%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(97, 182, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p>5月11日，中国风景园林学会副理事长、北京中国风景园林规划设计研究中心副董事长/总经理郑淑玲女士在2016清华同衡第四届学术周“风景园林与绿色城市化”专场，带来了一场以“中国风景园林行业最新发展动向”为主题的精彩报告。郑淑玲女士在发言中介绍风景园林行业的热点问题和加强个人执业的行业管理问题两方面的内容。</p></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>本篇内容分享郑淑玲女士在学术周上的学术演讲，以飨读者。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(70, 127, 156);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">风景园林行业的热点问题</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">风景园林行业的热点问题，归根结底，就是风景园林行业如何与其他行业融合的问题。目前行业里比较关注的，也是政府部门比较关注的几大问题包括<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">绿色基础设施、生态修复、生物多样性和海绵城市</span>。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">1、绿色基础设施</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>绿色基础设施是一个新概念，1999年由美国野生生物基金会与农业部、林务局等部门联合组建的工作组提出，其定义是<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">国家自然生命支持系统的互通网络，包括水道、湿地、林地、野生动物生境及其他自然区，绿色通道、公园及其他保护区，种植场、牧场、森林和对美国社区人民健康和生活质量有所贡献的荒野及其他空地</span>。</p><p><br  /></p><p>国内对绿色基础设施的定义五花八门。严格意义上来讲，绿色基础设施不同于传统意义的城市绿化和造林绿化，而是强调<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">在一定的区域范围内</span>，以自然和绿地系统为基础，以一种弹性的方式保护自然资源，通过维持和恢复生态环境来改善城市发展中的生态问题，让自然融入社会，构成一种环境、社会与经济可持续发展的<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">生态框架</span>。</p><p><br  /></p><p>绿色基础设施自上而下包括<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">面域、线域和点域</span>三个层面。绿色基础设施实际包含了很多内容，例如生态修复、生物多样性、海绵城市等都应该纳入到绿色基础设施中。</p><p><br  /></p><p>美国的绿色基础设施从最早的野生动物保护廊道发展到绿道计划，对提高绿色基础设施的社会认知度是最有利的。目前，美国现在每年正在规划和建设的“绿道”有几百条甚至上千条。据统计，全美50％的州编制了州级绿道规划，全美逐渐形成了具有<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">游憩、生态、文化功能的绿色网络</span>，<span style="line-height: 1.6;">其中游憩功能较其他国家和地区处于更为重要的位置，美国通过“绿道”的建设控制了不合理的建设活动，有效地保护和改善了城市的公共开敞空间，并通过“绿道”为市民提供休憩场所、追忆历史的长廊及运动健身的空间，为市民带来生活的愉悦。</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p>美国东海岸绿道从美国北部的加拿大边境延伸至美国南部佛罗里达州，全长约<strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">4500公里</span></strong>，是全美首条<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">集休闲娱乐、户外活动和文化遗产旅游于一体的绿道</span>，连接了两个国家、 15个州、1个特区、23个大城市和122个城镇及重要的州府、大学校园、国家公园、历史文化遗迹。该绿道总造价约3亿美元，全部建成后可为沿途各州带来约166亿美元的旅游收入，为超过3800万居民带来 了巨大的<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">社会、经济和生态效益</span>。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvha7zwszSib4pZLb2cibAYq6ibQs9sBIcGZxmngEAqiaPatrEvAg8Clb1PL6Q.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaBicqR0BOfHntAmLKJQhhE7LHrIwmSY0uVQy6jGCEjlhnOmd2osbDVJQ.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">美国开展了绿道计划后，在为老百姓带来福利的同时又缩减了政府投资，这也是美国绿道能够快速发展的原因。<span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">中国“绿道”的发展比美国更有前景，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre-wrap;">如果各地政府能能把"绿道"做好，特别是改善低碳出行，可能更有前途。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p>绿色基础设施建设让我们<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">重新认识和使用土地资源</span>，和市政基础设施类似，城市绿色基础设施是一个需要空间落实和实体建设的领域，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">如何科学界定空间的边界是绿色基础设施被认同的关键。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><br  /></span></p><p>同时，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">绿色基础设施需要前瞻性的布局，城市生态环境的可持续性依赖于前瞻性的绿色基础设施，</span>如果城市的绿色基础设施不完善或前瞻性不够，在未来的城市环境建设中必将付出更为沉重的代价。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">2、生态修复</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复的来源及定义</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">生态修复的来源是国家十三五规划的要求，十三五规划第四十五章是“加强生态保护修复”，其中提出“</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">坚持保护优先、自然恢复为主，推进自然生态系统保护与修复，构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络，全面提升各类自然生态系统稳定性和生态服务功能，筑牢生态安全屏障。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">”</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>住房城乡建设部城建司正在组织专家编制<strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">《关于开展城市生态修复工作的指导意见》</span></strong>，推进城市生态修复工作。<span style="line-height: 1.6;">城市生态修复是指<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">通过修复城市中被破坏的山体、河流、湿地、植被，修复和再利用城市废弃地，优化城市绿地系统等生态空间布局，恢复城市生态系统净化环境、调节气候与水文、维护生物多样性等功能，实现城市人与自然和谐共生的城市建设方式。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复的目标</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">建设园林城市，让青山再现、碧水重流、绿带成网。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复的主要任务</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">完成城市生态评估、制定并公布生态修复实施方案；完成城市生态等生态修复工作。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">生态修复试点城市</span></strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p>在20<span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span>5年，住房城乡建设部将把<strong><span style="color: rgb(61, 170, 214);">三亚</span></strong>作为全国城市转型发展试点市，支持三亚开展生态修复和城市修补。同时，把<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">城市地下综合管廊和海绵城市纳入城市“双修”工作。</span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; margin-bottom: -2.5em; float: right; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-color: rgb(88, 179, 224); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(88, 179, 224); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(241, 233, 222);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 5px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">生态设计理念和工程实践、多部门的合作、规划设计领域不断扩展、学科地位进一步提升，极大地提高了风景园林行业学科在社会的影响力。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; margin-top: -2.5em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(88, 179, 224); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 179, 224); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(32, 146, 239); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有序开展生态修复</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(32, 146, 239); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">第一，完善城市绿地系统</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">，构建绿道等生态廊道，统筹城市内外生态空间，形成山水林田湖等自然资源相融合的生态网络。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">第二，开展城市废弃地修复。</span>运用生物、物理、化学等技术改良土壤，消除场地安全隐患。对具有潜在利用价值的已修复土地和废弃设施进行规划设计，建设遗址公园、郊野公园等，实现废弃地再利用。唐山南湖生态城中央公园设计和安徽淮南大通矿生态修复设计都是废弃地生态修复实践案例，其中都包含了和其他专业的大融合。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhasp56dmIxT7PqsnH6HuibHk0hFTmbwgQ7wfrnRcBOziaqTVuB2mRkALzA.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaKFibg2EfuYP2lyKUGMAZxfia7w7HLalE4hyTZzGlwISusDAlomIQHovg.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">第三，开展城市水体修复。</span>系统开展城市江河、湖泊、湿地等水体生态修复和黑臭水体治理，恢复和保持河湖水系的自然连通，构建良性循环的城市水系统；改造渠化河道，因地制宜拆除硬质驳岸和衬底，重塑自然岸线，恢复滨水植被群落，营造多样化的生物栖息环境；增加水生动植物、底栖生物等，增强水体自净能力，逐步改善水质、提高水环境质量。在保障水生态安全的基础上，合理拓展城市亲水空间。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhasJvMEyWOOQnaPoHW2mTD0GqtqcyAvRcHVzM6Fg9tb4JCibkuNNeMl3g.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">第四，开展城市山体修复。</span>根据城市山体受损情况，采取相应的修坡整形、矿坑回填等工程措施，解决受损山体的安全隐患，恢复山体自然形态。保护山体原有植被，种植乡土适生植物，重建山体植被群落。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaRqKZibzFmy4lZtOEFFk9OK5Unjst1QrtUAuQNiceAhRu7gj8A278lBWA.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaXWfPDv0gHAE4gUl6s9xSYsoex0MokJ682lC3FiaVgNwUKPna0cDTDqw.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">3、生物多样性</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">2010年，国务院通过了<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);">《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（2011-2030年）》</span>，明确了今后20年的生物多样性保护的目标、战略和行动纲领。近期目标就是力争使重点区域生物多样性下降的趋势得到有效遏制。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>生物多样性保护的主要任务有7个方面：开展生物多样性调查和评估；构建全国生物多样性观测网络；开展生物多样性就地保护建设；开展生物多样性迁地保护建设；开展生物多样性恢复示范；开展生物多样性保护与减贫示范；加强生物多样性监管基础能力建设。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaA5VJdFtXay15ytPw05dLygziaYhS6wjOQ34ia2cYVxLVI74eJkftm4rg.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(70, 127, 156);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">个人执业行业管理</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">职业制度建设目前有两种形式，一种是<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">准入类</span>，即行政许可类，其基本条件有具体条例及法律做依据；一种是<span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">水平评价类</span>，即以行业自律为主。今年人社部拟出台相关文件对上述两类职业制度建立模式予以规范。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">风景园林行业的职业制度将属于水平评价类。</span>住建部城建司已经正式委托中国风景园林学会负责风景园林师的职业制度建设工作，住建部协助中国风景园林学会到各个城市做调研，对风景园林行业情况进行深入了解，以便建立更加合法化、规范化的职业制度。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">中国风景园林学会近期正在给人事部起草报告，等报告批下来之后，就可以正式启动风景园林师职业制度建设工作。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">本内容由清华同衡 风景园林中心整理</span></strong></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: inherit; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit; 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