国匠城工作台

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<p>2014年6月，北京清华同衡规划设计研究院历史城市保护发展研究所受邀与武汉市土地利用和城市空间规划研究中心共同开展《武昌古城蛇山北地区保护提升规划》工作，规划按照“探寻古城历史痕迹，传承武汉城市文脉”的目标，历时2年，形成了基本方案（<span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">详见</span><span style="color: rgb(61, 170, 214);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">筹众智，兴古城——蛇山北整体规划意见征集</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">，点击<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">阅读原文</span></strong>查看</span>）。在这个古城内面向实施的命题里，势必会有很多保护与发展的问题，下面把这当中的一些小故事和大家分享。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">探寻古城历史痕迹</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>武昌建城，始自三国时期夏口城，自此城市建设活动持续活跃，从三国时期东南地区重要“军事堡垒”、唐宋时期的“东南巨镇”到明清时期的“湖广会城”，历史悠久厚重。据《江夏县志》记载，武昌古城里巷阡陌。</p><p><br  /></p><p>今天的武昌，依旧繁盛热闹，熙熙攘攘，但若想找到武昌古城历史的痕迹，探寻发生在古城里过往的故事，却不是一件容易的事情。</p><p><br  /></p><p>2014年6月，随着《武昌古城蛇山北区域保护与提升规划》工作的开展，我们对武昌古城的探寻也全面拉开序幕。项目小组在蛇山北区域进行地毯式的建筑调查，对现有建筑一一记录评估，在蛇山以北区域内调查记录共11处文物保护单位、2处不可移动文物、64处武汉市优秀历史建筑，并经过此次调查14处传统风貌特征典型，保存状况较好的建筑推荐作为武汉市优秀历史建筑。这些建筑从清末青砖木构的老民居、民国时期中新合璧的新式学堂、医院等公共建筑到上世纪50年代大量延续传统建筑风貌的老民居类型丰富，不同时期的老房子在古城里不断叠加更迭，共同讲述着古城里发生的过往，展现着古城里曾经的情境画面，就着这些线索，古城的轮廓也似乎渐渐清晰。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaOdqyr9Dzv0scicJ6nB51PTNIUarz4ofmETauElXiclcJy8h0oQyjzDxQ.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaoOuym5G7uEicluuo14EsicW9Al8tfxQP75AubiaJsQxCv6vBehvm9c8iag.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">武昌古城蛇山北片区的老房子（项目组自摄）</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">惊喜发现——见证张之洞兴学之举的经心书院旧址</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>在此次的调查中，有一处老房子引起了大家特别的关注，房子面阔40米，七开间，宽13米，坡屋顶、红瓦粉墙，室内雕梁画栋，空间高大，属清末建筑，并非普通民居，现为单位集体宿舍。</p><p><br  /></p><p>通过史料查询、当地专家访谈以及对武昌民国时期历史地图对比研究，原来此处建筑正是清末湖北三大书院之一经心书院的斋舍。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaGnstIrsJvnvhos49Wm47mFicQvrHfskvf3X0bafxzwEM5b5kYRJTicpA.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">经心书院保留斋舍内部照片。（《寻城记·武汉》）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>张之洞作为洋务派代表人物，提倡兴“西学”“洋务”，他认为“中国不贫于财，而贫于人才”。他于1889 年任湖广总督，在他的积极经营下对中国近代教育的发展起到了极大的推动作用，使得湖北成为当时全国新式教育的中心之一。</p><p><br  /></p><p>经心书院最初于同治八年（1869年）张之洞在湖北任时政时创办，学习科目为经解、史论、词赋，是典型的封建时代的办学形式。随着新学思想的发展，课程突破了专刻八股制艺，增设自然科学教程，开启改革地方传统教育之路，成为清末地方书院改制典范。</p><p><br  /></p><p>到二十世纪初叶，面对新学勃兴，旧学衰微，张之洞常常发出“道微文敝，世变愈危”的感叹，遂将经心书院改建存古学堂，意为“保存国粹”“平息乱源”，课程分经学、史学、词章三门。从经心书院到存古学堂，可以说体现了张之洞由“经世致用”到“中体西用”思想演进的过程，同时也是当时中国传统教育发展演变进程的缩影。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaYIvrbkbhiazAMwgria1crvTbt346wn42ic5pKe5cWvWg1ib6UPXQZOlDjg.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">积极保护——作为武昌古城内的重要历史文化资源点</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>有如此重要历史文化价值的老房子，传统风貌依旧，保存情况较好。在此次规划中与其他13处老房子一起作为推荐历史建筑，建议按照《武汉市历史文化风貌街区和优秀历史建筑保护条例》进行保护。初次提出这个方案，老房子的保护就得到了区政府的积极响应，开展划定紫线等保护工作，武昌古城里的文化遗产又增加了一个具有重要意义的成员。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">保护与发展共赢——经心书院与轨道5号线的相遇</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>“武昌古城里要通地铁啦~！”——规划中的武汉轨道五号线南北贯穿武昌古城，是重要的公共交通走廊，为古城内大量的交通需求提供出口，让古城里的居民期盼振奋，也让古城外的人到武昌古城里多逛逛变得更方便。</p><p><br  /></p><p>轨道线位仔细的避让得胜桥老街和古城里的这些老房子，采用盾构施工方式以减少对地面建筑物的影响。武昌古城里的老房子们，古城里人文气息最浓的老街将成为围绕地铁站点的商业、文化复合功能提供承载空间，成就名副其实的地铁城市。</p><p><br  /></p><p>悠长小巷里的经心书院，就在轨道五号线沿线，也即将随着五号线的开通，有机会把这段尘封的历史讲给更多来来往往的人。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-left: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;">书院博物馆——讲述武昌古城里张之洞和新式教育的故事</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-right-width: 1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 3em; height: 2em; margin-top: -2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(88, 179, 224, 0.831373);"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p>当年李鸿章、梁鼎芬、首任山长刘恭冕等才俊荟萃的经心书院，书院前书香延绵百年的横街头，现如今都已湮灭于都市摊贩的熙攘声中。为了唤回这段古城记忆，让更多的人了解古城，让书香重回横街头。规划经心书院作为博物馆，现存两处老斋舍进行保护修缮，并按照历史格局布置周边环境，讲述清末张之洞和中国新式教育的故事。经心书院及周边区域作为黄鹤楼脚下的传统书院文化片区，布置国学馆、文化讲堂、传统国学学院、古书屋等，找回古城里的纸墨书香，延续古城的历史文脉，让中国传统文化传承发扬。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; padding-right: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaVSic5UVr7xNLqz2ficpPRY5nD8nTbzNzluWVg5atmyKlu8dUd0rfucgw.jpg" /><br  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" padding: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14.4px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">经心书院博物馆和周边的文化复兴（规划项目组自绘）</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhao1yFVYZLPINEAKRe26Uv4AxfCniaicJwMLibiafS7dsQqxiaXt2UUq5h4MQ.jpg" /><br  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" padding: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14.4px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">博物馆及周边建筑的功能布局（规划项目组自绘）</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhanBcXcXez9GlMF7yYPRolDvGalTRCo7I2PI9v3B0V2icvTBaq4iaY8kHw.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">按照经心书院传统格局布置的精心书院博物馆院落（规划项目组自绘）</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160702/raykBSCslW51K9icqdrDmiaaqNIB3mkvhaPibRqk2Zk2YVAqLW9GHKDMjVUvhtrLkDtPiaHfnGBTVV4YaznhVrKX4Q.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">经心书院博物馆及周边布局（规划项目组自绘）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>经心书院的故事，是武昌古城保护发展工作的一个缩影。像这样的故事，在武昌古城的保护与发展过程中还有很多，能够让我们的城市在快步向前的同时，留存老武汉的印迹，延续历史文脉，找到属于武汉人的骄傲和归属，同时也是武汉精神的传承和弘扬。</p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">资料来源：北京清华同衡规划设计研究院历史城市保护发展研究所、武汉市土地利用和城市空间规划研究中心，《武昌古城蛇山北地区保护提升规划》</span></strong></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: inherit; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-color: rgb(171, 87, 94); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; 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