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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF8d2gDMCzeBb9eBRR0wLK5hdjCotqly3LCkbBic8licwqwvql7NicWo0icQ/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160628/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF8d2gDMCzeBb9eBRR0wLK5hdjCotqly3LCkbBic8licwqwvql7NicWo0icQ.png" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字快速关注规划师杂志</section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-radius: 0.7em; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">作者北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院教授、院长李俊奇<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院建筑遗产保护专业硕士研究生</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">任艳芝</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，教授级高级工程师，济南市市政工程设计研究院副院长</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">聂爱华</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，美国奥本大学环境工程专业博士研究生</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">李小宁</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院副教授</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">宫永伟</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2016年第5期撰文，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文章针对目前海绵城市建设中存在的困惑，剖析海绵城市的内涵，阐述规划在海绵城市建设中的重要作用。同时，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对海绵城市专项规划定位进行探讨，分析其与现有专项规划的关系，并充分考虑海绵城市建设中跨学科的协调、规划指标体系</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的构建与落实等关键问题，探索跨界规划的途径，为未来海绵城市规划建设提供借鉴。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.6em 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: -0.6em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); border-radius: 5px; font-size: 19.2px; padding: 0px 5px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 86% !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海绵城市的内涵</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: -0.6em; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; margin-bottom: -2.5em; float: right; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: dotted; border-right-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(241, 233, 222);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 8px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">根据《海绵城市建设技术指南—<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">低影响开发雨水系统构建( 试行)》( 以</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下简称《指南》)，“海绵城市是指城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能够像海绵一样，在适应环境变化和应</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">对自然灾害等方面具有良好的‘弹性’，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下雨时吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水，需要</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">时将蓄存的水‘释放’并加以利用。”[1]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，海绵城市建设是多目标雨水系</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">统的构建，通过采取现代雨水管理的手</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">段，对城市外排径流总量和径流污染进</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行控制，提高城市排水防涝标准，实现</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市水文的良性循环，维持城市良好的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">总的来说，海绵城市建设可以概括<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为“一核心，三组成，多目标，多途径，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多技术，全过程”。“一核心”是指低</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">影响开发(LID) 这一核心指导思想，通</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">过分散的、小尺度的源头减排措施来达</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到对径流和污染的控制，使开发后的水</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文特征尽量接近于自然的水文循环，保</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">证城市可持续发展；同时，应注重绿</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">色基础设施与灰色基础设施相结合。“三</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">组成”包括狭义的低影响开发雨水系统、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">传统的雨水管渠排放系统及超标雨水排</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">放系统，通过三大系统的科学应用和</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">合理衔接，共同构建弹性的雨水基础设</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施系统。“多目标”实际上是海绵城市建</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设的真正内涵，其改变我国传统雨水系</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">统的快排模式，提出城市径流总量控制、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">径流峰值控制、径流污染控制、雨水资</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">源化利用和排水防涝等多重目标[5]，在</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">海绵城市建设中要准确把握问题的根源</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">所在，有重点地确定控制目标，因地制</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">宜地确定设计方案，从而有效解决城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发展中日益突出的水安全、水资源、水</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">环境及水生态问题。“多途径，多技术，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">全过程”是指海绵城市开发建设过程中</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通过保护、修复和开发等多种途径，系</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">统构建城市“海绵体”，并采用“渗、蓄、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">滞、净、用、排”等多种技术，通过在</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">源头削减、中途转输和末端调蓄等过程</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中对径流雨水的控制，最大限度地减少</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">因城市开发建设行为而对原有自然水文</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">特征和水生态环境造成的破坏。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; margin-top: -2.5em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(193, 193, 193); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(249, 110, 87, 0.490196);"><section class="" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em; color: white; font-size: 21px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨界规划</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、为何跨界？</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: white; margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: white; border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多重水问题的复杂性</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设进程的加快和开发强度的<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">增强，导致出现水生态恶化、水资源紧缺、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">水环境污染和水安全缺乏保障等一系列</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">复杂的水问题，这些问题不是仅依靠水</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专业就可以解决的。规划的本意在于“以</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">潜在目标评估当前存在的问题，并提出</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">解决这些问题的方案”，因此跨界规划</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">应统筹考虑多方面的因素，综合分析问</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">题的症结所在，跨越学科间的隔阂，发</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">挥其联动作用，为城市水问题提供解决</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">途径。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多重目标的迫切需求</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">《指南》提出，海绵城市建设最终<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要实现“径流总量控制—径流峰值控制—</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">径流污染控制—雨水资源化利用”等多</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重目标，但如何达到要求，对于还没</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有太多实践经验的城市来说是一项极大</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的挑战。海绵城市建设实质上是构建城</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市雨水系统，这是一项复杂而艰巨的工</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">程，需要从长远的角度进行综合规划。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">而目前严峻的形势又迫切需要一个准则</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">来指引方向，为各项城市建设提供指导</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建议，因此编制海绵城市专项规划( 专</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">题研究) 的意义重大。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多专业之间的相互融合</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，海绵城市建设是从源头、<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">中途和末端等不同环节实施控制措施，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">涉及到城市规划、道路、园林和建筑等</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多个专业，如硬化道路和广场是降雨产</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">汇流的主要源头，应尽可能与竖向设计、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">园林设计相结合，实现源头减排；园林</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">绿地是主要的“海绵体”，在消减其自</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">身产流的基础上，还应接受周边地块的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">客水，并与管网系统衔接，达到海绵城</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市建设要求。目前，许多城市都存在一</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个现象，行业与行业间、部门与部门间</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为了撇清责任，条块分割，互不干涉，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">协作能力较差。通过编制海绵城市相关</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划，要求各专业协同配合，认真落实</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划目标和各指标，充分利用“绿色与</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">灰色”“地上与地下”“蓄与排”结合</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的技术路线，发挥最大效能，实现排水</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">防涝与海绵城市的综合控制目标。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">此外，城市中的各下垫面、场地除<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">传统功能外，还需要承担海绵城市的部</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">分功能，如部分道路可作为排水通道承</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">担超标雨水的排泄、公园起到多功能调</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">蓄作用、小区建设屋顶绿化等，这些功</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">能重叠、专业交叉的现实状况也要求必</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">须进行跨界规划，共同构建一个完整的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">雨水系统。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、如何跨界？</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(77, 60, 66); border-left-width: 8px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: white; margin-top: -16px; margin-left: 4px; border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: white; border-left-width: 5px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 6px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨思维</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">跨思维实际上是观念的传承与转变。<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在过去的几十年内，我国的城市建设往</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">往过分强调以人为本的设计理念。但近</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年来，自然环境的变化越来越引起人类</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的高度关注，生态文明建设也更加受到</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重视。过度强调以人为中心和过度强调</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以生态为中心都是片面的：目前城市内</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">涝灾害频发，威胁着人类的生命财产安</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">全，如果过度强调以人为中心，大肆建</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设地下管网和深层隧道，不顾自然界的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">良性循环，必然会造成不可预期的后果；</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">若过度强调以生态为中心，单纯凭借绿</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">色基础设施解决城市内涝问题，也是不</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可取的。只有寻求两者之间的平衡点，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">才能保证城市的可持续发展，这是现代</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">雨水系统研究的重要内容，是未来规划</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的核心思想和目标。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨行业</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市中各部门职责条块分割管理，<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">导致各自为政，使得海绵城市部分工程</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">无法实施的现象屡见不鲜，这给多目标</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">雨水系统的构建带来了许多阻碍。海绵</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设是一个多目标实现的过程，需</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要各部门的统一协调，应成立由市政、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建筑、园林、水利和环保等多部门、多</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专业领域专家组成的海绵城市规划建设</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">咨询团队以及专门的工作领导小组，明</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">确责任单位和责任人，做好组织保障措</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施。此外，规划通过目标导向、实施建</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设管控等手段，发挥总体协调与调度能</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">力，将各行业有力地联系起来，并督促</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">各专项规划的修编和落实，为海绵城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设提供有利保障。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨专业</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">如上所述，海绵城市的建设涉及多<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个专业，但由于各专业间研究方向的侧</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重点不同，编制海绵城市专项规划还需</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要进一步分工合作，如给排水专业负责</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">前期研究、总体目标和指标的确定及分</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">解；规划专业负责协调与其他专业的关</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">系和建设管控；道路、园林等专业负责</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">各指标的落实与详细设计等。经过全方位</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的论证与协调，低影响开发雨水系统、传</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">统雨水管渠系统和超标雨水排放系统的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">内容才能被真正纳入到各层级规划、设</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">计与实施等环节中，从而实现控制目标。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨权界</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">打破以往由政府全权决策的模式，<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实行公众参与政策，是海绵城市建设的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重要一环。尤其是在老旧城区的改造中，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">海绵城市建设涉及到居民的居住环境、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行为习惯及认知程度等多方面的内容，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">有必要进行海绵城市宣传等活动，提高</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公众参与和监督的意识。在方案设计阶</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">段，应及时了解民声，充分尊重公众意见，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为政府和专业设计人员打开视野，优化</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方案。此外，公众参与还可体现在政策</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">法规的编制、工程建设的监督及实施效</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">果的评价等各个方面。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; animation: emp_flash 1.5s ease-in-out 1s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨时间</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市雨水系统的建设是百年大计。<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">降雨规律随着气候的变化而产生变化，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市开发导致排水条件、标准和目标等</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">也不断发生变化，因此“分析过去，立</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">足当前，跨越未来”是海绵城市规划编</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制的重要原则。海绵城市相关规划的编</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制需要编制人员结合城市总体规划，准</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">确把握城市未来发展方向、规模布局、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">气候变化、生活方式变化及城市下垫面</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">变化等因素对城市水系统的影响，并分</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">析造成城市内涝、水环境污染等诸多水</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">问题的根本原因所在，借鉴过去的经验</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">教训，更新暴雨强度公式、管网设计与</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">计算方法，预留绿色基础设施用地，预</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">判未来海绵城市发展的目标。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 15px 5px 10px; color: rgb(255, 202, 0); max-width: 15% !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(51, 165, 116, 0.972549);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?</section></section><section class="" style="width: 0.8em; height: 0.8em; margin: 0.7em -0.4em -0.4em -0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"></section><section class="" style="width: 85%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding: 5px 5px 5px 15px; color: white; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(51, 165, 116, 0.972549);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">海绵城市是一个系统、<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一个整体，其建设过程离不开规划的统</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">筹部署。解决我国复杂水问题和构建多</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">目标的现代城市雨水系统还需要多专业</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的协同配合，因此跨界规划成为海绵城</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市建设的必然选择。同时，在大数据时</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">代，规划设计人员还要从思维、行业、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专业、权界及时间等各个方面展开工作，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与现有的智慧城市、园林城市等众多城</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市发展模式有机结合，共同营造生态文</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">明的宜居城市。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px 3px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: -1em; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章详见《规划师》2016年5期</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="line-height: 1.6; 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