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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF8d2gDMCzeBb9eBRR0wLK5hdjCotqly3LCkbBic8licwqwvql7NicWo0icQ/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF8d2gDMCzeBb9eBRR0wLK5hdjCotqly3LCkbBic8licwqwvql7NicWo0icQ.png" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(23, 138, 67); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字快速关注规划师杂志</section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">广东省是全国存量土地更新的示范省，自 2009 年起，全省范围内展开了节约集约用地的制度设计和实践路径探索。在此过程中，省域范围内各地城市政府采取了差异化的更新模式和更新制度设计，市场在政策的逼仄之下扮演着不同的角色，更新的实施效果因此产生了巨大差异。作者清华大学建筑学院、首都区域空间规划研究北京市重点实验室博士研究生唐婧娴在《规划师》2016年第5期撰文，文章主要对广州的“三旧”改造效果和政策变化展开论述，并对比深圳、佛山两地的制度设计和政策模式，讨论在强政府主导模式、政府“守夜人”模式及政府补贴市场模式中，政府与市场的关系，以及这种关系在城市更新中对城市空间发展、城市整体发展产生的影响。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 0.3em 0.8em; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、从“政府引导”到“政府主导”—<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />广州“三旧”改造<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 2px 3px; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施过程和阶段特征<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">广州的“三旧”改造用地共计 11 182宗，总面积达到 358.66 km2。到目前为止，旧村庄改造的完成率达到 14.6%，旧厂房改造的完成率达到 9.6%，总体完成率达到 10.9%。根据广州“三旧”改造的实施进度，大体可以将其划分为两个阶段。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 第一个阶段是“政府引导、市场运作”的快速改造初期阶段。这一阶段“三旧”改造的政策体系初步建立，市场具有很大的积极性，市场资金踊跃进入，多以单个项目来推进，如著名的猎德村“三三三制”改造。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 第二阶段从 2012 年至今。这一阶段从“政府引导”转向了“政府主导”，强调成片改造，土地应储尽储，防止土地增值收益向市场外溢。整体上，这一阶段的“三旧”改造速度减缓 ( 表 1)。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFOVIN4X1QHKlziaDiag4OpKlmibWBSD1hibpoicgVyh7Sg8knfcw19ktensw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 2px 3px; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策调整的利弊分析<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">从表 1 可以看出，广州市的城市更新速度在 2012 年之后变得缓慢，更新项目报批顺利但很难实施。在此过程中，政策的变化起到了关键性作用。2012年以前，广州实施的主要是《关于较快推进“三旧”改造工作的意见》( 穗府[2009]56 号 )( 以下简称“56 号文件”)，其后实施的是《关于加快推进“三旧”改造工作的补充意见》( 穗府 [2009]20号 )( 以下简称“20 号文件”)。在 20 号文件中，政府提出“应储尽储，成片改造”的原则，特别是城市发展的重点地区，由政府采取公开出让的方式组织更新；并且，20 号文件调整了对旧厂房公开出让补偿款的计算方法，将不计算补偿的毛容积率范围从超出 3.5 部分调整为超出 3 的部分。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />20 号文件在 56 号文件的基础上进行修订，主要针对 2009 ～ 2012 年广州“三旧”实施出现的问题加以调整，其对城市存量空间发展的作用是辩证的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)片区改造，避免“挑肥拣瘦”，整体功能布局优化</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在 20 号文件中，“三旧”改造规划的编制更加强调“片区开发”，不再提倡“单项改造”，主要是发现之前的改造“挑肥拣瘦”，使得大量难以改造的用地被剩下，区段整体的提升目标得不到实现。而“片区改造”能够联动地将整体的功能组织放在首位，以便在中观区域层面上管控城市发展的功能和布局。例如，在旧村庄的改造中，集体旧厂房的盈利空间大，是开发主体乐于参与的部分，而旧村庄的产权处理繁杂，大多数开发主体望而却步，如果不要求片区联动的整村改造，低效、环境较差的旧村庄空间很难被纳入到改造的范围内。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）强化公共服务设施和历史保护，维护公共利益</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">相比于 56 号文件，20 号文件强化公共服务设施配套，保障市场在进行城市更新的过程中，按照需求提高地块内及周边的公共服务水平和设施供给；在56 号文件实施期间，开发以单个项目为主，在权属模糊范围的或者项目与项目之间的公共服务设施建设项目上，开发商互相推诿，公共服务设施的建设较难落实。20 号文件还强化“旧城”历史文化的延续，将历史文化资源落实到行政审批和实施过程中来，使得公共财产和遗产不被市场化和私有化侵蚀。政府主导能更好地把握空间发展的总体方向，维护公共利益。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）“重点地区”应储尽储，提高改造的收益</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">根据广州市海珠区、番禺区的旧厂房改造方式及对收益的相关研究 ，在城市重点地区，政府采取公开出让的方式，在容积率 (r) 大于等于 4 时获得的收益一般要大于业权人自行改造时政府获得的收益，主要收入来自于土地收储后再出让以及再出让过程中的溢价(表2)，当旧厂补偿容积率的范围缩小时，政府的收益增加。这一改造方式通过强化政府收储、降低补偿标准两个举措，强化了对市场的约束，重新划分了政府与市场之间的收益分配。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFUic4FNrJnAT3BTEr0oiaoOicVzEXltaibHgqygqIRjGVnE6KibMEaUKoARw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（4） 政府高负债情况下“主导”土地使用，风险高，市场的能动性受限</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">强政府主导、干预市场的政策和思路，在一定程度上降低了市场推进更新的动力，城市环境提升的进程也比较缓慢。56 号文件对市场的约束力较小，政府的补偿较为充足，土地融资的方式自由，市场的积极性被充分的调动起来。20 号文件更加倾向于政府对于片区的管控和主导作用，业权人和市场对改造的积极性在一定程度上受到了影响。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">自 2008 年以来，广州市政府的公共财政支出逐年出现赤字 ( 表 3)，到2013 年已经累计千亿级。根据广州与深圳的土地出让金占财政收入的比重(图2)可以看出，广州政府的财政收入来源对土地出让金的依赖性很大，在高负债的情况下，广州希望加强对土地使用的主导权，缓解压力和风险。但是，在政府的总负债能力不足以全部支付补偿款的情况下，政府只能采取首期支付部分补偿款 ( 一般是 20%)，或者待土地出让后按比例付款的方式。这种情况下，市场在“三旧”改造中可以发挥的作用受到限制，积极性下降，对征地补偿标准存在抵触情绪，改造的进度减缓。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFZbiawE13cNlzjOs2L9Fg1TyxlqxcajxUrfaN3n2eibpxziakLvGIQG8zA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFuiclHyP3YXOBOItXr3z2Ree9icF12c5lUEcUt8Tw5egr02gHHfzjtTlQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1;  "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 2px 3px; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“政府主导”干预模式的原因分析<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">广州是广东省的省会城市，城市稳定、城市空间发展的布局和质量受到多方的关注，政府的治理具有广泛的影响。近期大型的赛事活动和城市开发在一定程度上增加了政府的财政负担，在“严控新增债务，化解存量债务”的要求下，政府选择了“应储尽储”的方式来推进“三旧”改造，希望通过土地收溢价减缓债务压力，并希望强化对土地使用的主导权，以便更好地控制城市空间发展的方向，约束开发主体的行为，调整政策干预更新过程的利益分配。</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">然而，在利益关系复杂的城市更新过程中，政府的政策收紧在一定程度上影响了市场的积极性，减缓了盘活低效用地的进程，改造的收益随着时间的延长有所折减。虽然政府仍然给自行改造一定的空间，但仍难起到调动市场积极性的作用。因此，广州的“三旧”改造政策仍然需要寻找更优的效益平衡点，以期调动市场的积极性，更好地优化城市的格局，实现政府治理的目标。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 0.3em 0.8em; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“守夜人”模式下的深圳城市</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更新</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>深圳城市更新的实施情况<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">自2009 年以来，深圳综合整治了<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">330 多个城中村，到2015 年9 月，城</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市更新计划草案中公布的更新单元数量</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">达到379 个( 表4)。2014 年， 深圳审</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">批通过的城市更新单元规划有36 项( 拆</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">除重建类33 项、综合整治类3 项)，规</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划总开发建设用地面积约为175hm2，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通过城市更新供应用地210.59hm2，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">占该年度土地供应的36%，完成投资</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">400.5 亿元。城市更新配建保障房效果</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">明显，2011 ～ 2014 年，保障房供给每</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年超额完成，四年的建成量达到12.93</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">万套( 表5)。根据城市更新计划草案公</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">布的单元数量和深圳土地供应量( 图3)</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可以判断，深圳的城市更新保持稳中有</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">降的态势。市场一直保持比较积极的态</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">度，政府在更新的进程中，调整管控的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">力度和内容。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFwCJOvCqQJUibiaf4ia2ATWbfbJLuBia5g5aB1gjMRN5zXn2Qkic1XoFs0hw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFZzeL8Gur0hPe57XsHlAMrTIs4tyLiaK75Aia0ByjF4e3alrk8jGpAJSQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFUQXYSlnrkBcoeogykibNKZgtS9NJ1PRzdEibvOdyz3GVRELfpTnL3Zicg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>深圳城市更新政策的利弊<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳的城市更新政策体现了较强的<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">法制性和市场性。在实施过程中，强调</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府与市场之间的“协商机制”，根据</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地方情况，创新制度设计，量化重要的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">控制指标，如密度分区、保障房配建比</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重与创新产业用房比重等；依靠社会资</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本处理历史用地问题，政府尽可能多地</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">放权，交给开发商自行处理。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳是全国的经济特区，享有自主<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">立法和治理的权限较大。改革开放以来，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在城市发展的各个领域，深圳积极向香</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">港学习，重视市场化运行的效率，形成</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">了政府相对“弱势”、市场相对“强势”</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的城市治理文化。相比于广州，深圳</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的更新制度能更充分地发挥市场的能动</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性，鼓励市场主体自行改造；由于政府</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">把大多数建设的内容通过制度设计交给</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市场，短期内政府经营城市更新的成本</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">低、风险小；但是长期来看，土地历史</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">遗留问题靠市场化来解决的方法最终还</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是会加重整个城市的运营负担—城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">密度提升，未来必然给城市带来人口压</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">力、基础设施运营压力和资源压力等，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">整个城市也将为城市更新支付更高的成</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本。笔者认为，之所以深圳采取这样的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制度，是有着深刻的历史背景的。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>模式选择的历史原因<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（1） 历史违章用地的问题</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳有70% 的城中村是违章建设。<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在城市迅速增长的过程中，保障房的供</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">给没有跟上，民间以非正式自发建设的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方式解决了紧迫的住房问题，也就是现</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在大量的小产权房。由于长期以来政府</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">没有对此进行处理，遗留了大量的“模</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">糊产权”用地，如今土地倒逼城市发展，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">必然要为之前的治理漏洞买单。而清理</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">70% 的违章用地产权问题的成本是巨大</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的，因此采取市场化的方式处理可以说</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是此时的最佳选择。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）土地总量小，城市公共服务设施<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏，亟待补充</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳土地面积较小，比广州的土地<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">少了1/3，政府一直以来没有形成以土地</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">财政为主要政府收入来源的习惯。在繁</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">荣发展的势头之下，土地面积狭小、公</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共服务设施不足与设施水平低的问题成</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为发展的瓶颈之一，因此政府的政策更</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">加倾向于利用市场的能动性来破解城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发展的难题。“守夜人”的政府角色和</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政策机制基于市场极大的自由度，利用</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市场的资金和效率，以低廉的价格高效</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地提升公共服务设施水平，以适应产业</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发展的需求。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（3）财政来源稳定，促进产业和设施</section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">发展的正循环成为主要治理目标<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳总体的产业活力强，产业更新</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">带来的收益十分可观，因此城市发展并</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不追求高容积率换来的收益，更加重视</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施和保障房的建设，与产业发展</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">形成正向刺激，促进城市的健康发展。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府意识到与其高负债的依赖土地的溢</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">价，不如保障创新产业保持增长动力，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">形成可持续的循环圈。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 0.3em 0.8em; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“政府补贴市场”模式下的</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">佛山</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“三旧”改造</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 2em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.3em; border-top-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;">佛山的“三旧”改造实施和政策</span><span style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;">特点</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.2em; height: 2em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-right-width: 0.1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); margin-left: -0.6em; transform: skew(30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(30deg); -moz-transform: skew(30deg); -o-transform: skew(30deg); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1.8em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">佛山的城市规模约为广州的一半，<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市结构相对简单，土地使用的压力要</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">远小于深圳、广州。其“三旧”改造模</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">式与广州相似，也是以“政府主导、规</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划控制、连片改造、市场参与”为主，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">但在具体的利益分配上更加宽松，对于</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">旧城镇、旧村庄的居住类用地更新，主</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要强调非营利公共服务设施的建设要求、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">更新中房地产项目的建设要求，对于旧</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">厂房改造，佛山给予了政策、土地和资</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">金奖励等支持。佛山的“三旧”改造总</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规模为16866hm2，其中旧厂房规模为</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">11333hm2，占比为67.2%，旧村庄占</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">比20.84%，旧城镇占比11.96%。因此，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可以看出旧厂房改造是其核心板块。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 2em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.3em; border-top-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.佛山政策利弊分析</strong></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.2em; height: 2em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-right-width: 0.1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); margin-left: -0.6em; transform: skew(30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(30deg); -moz-transform: skew(30deg); -o-transform: skew(30deg); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1.8em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在佛山的改造政策中，政府掌握较<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大的主动权，各区根据佛山“三旧”改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">造的要求制定改造专项规划，指导土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">再开发。旧城镇片区的改造以优化城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">配套功能、改善城市环境为目标，严控</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">高度、密度和容积率，按照改造的程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">确定改造策略，避免不必要的拆迁浪费。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">旧村庄改造涉及开发效率极低的农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">村工业化用地，产权复杂、利益分配困难。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为打破瓶颈，政府在政策的基础上尝试</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">非正式的制度创新—通过构建“政府—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市场—社会”的联盟，依靠地方领袖，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建立“原业主—市场—政府”之间的“信</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">任”。政府提前提供改造补贴资金，确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">保更新的顺利完成。杨廉等人 曾先后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">针对佛山联滘地区的政府主导模式、集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体主导模式、政府和村集体合作模式展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">开讨论，无论哪种模式，三方都尝试构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建土地增值收益共享机制，推动土地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">集约节约利用：实现以少量的土地收益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">换取城市形象改善、周边土地价值的提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">升，推动产业升级，并扩大产业财政税</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">收基础。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">对于城市内的旧工业用地的改造，<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与深圳和广州不同，佛山设置了专门的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">补贴办法，政府以较高成本运行土地一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">级市场，实现“以土地政策补贴企业”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">促进产业转型升级，将低效产能的三类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工业用地改变为一类工业用地，对城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">内部和边缘的工业进行“退二进三”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实现产业提升。在这种治理模式下，政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府可以获得产业升级带来的税基扩大，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">吸引劳动力，带动周边的产业发展。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 2em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 0.3em; border-top-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.“政府补贴市场”模式的产业<span style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;">发展内因</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 1.2em; height: 2em; border-bottom-width: 0.1em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-right-width: 0.1em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); margin-left: -0.6em; transform: skew(30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(30deg); -moz-transform: skew(30deg); -o-transform: skew(30deg); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1.8em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">之所以选择上述改造思路，是与佛<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">山产业发展的阶段和城市发展的目标紧</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">密联系的。佛山毗邻广州，发展水平与</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">广州有较大的差距，企业落户时候的竞</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">争力并不强。与广州相比，佛山的第二</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产业比重高，占到60.0%，几近广州的</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">两倍( 图4)，发展产业强市是佛山实现</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">跨越的重要途径。因此，佛山努力通过</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制造业投资和土地政策优惠的方法吸引</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">优秀的企业入驻，实现产业升级。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从总体的产业定位上看，佛山的改</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">造政策是基于产业发展的长远利益，政</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府没有把土地作为财政的主要来源，而</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是作为优惠的财政政策，给产业的发展</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以更充足的动力，从后续产业发展可持</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">续的税收中获得更多的收益。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFgZ1TYwiaSpJ59IBUYTsrUulmB0iam4kUTkqUtVzzDTjYWBvllPBefkLg.jpg" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论：差异化“政府—市场”</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">机制的关键问题、权衡和应用</strong></section></span></section><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin-top: -1em; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px; padding: 20px 10px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市化进程的不断推进，土地<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">价值上升，城市开发成本随之提高。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">存量土地的内涵式增长，需要更加谨慎</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地平衡投入与产出效益，考虑土地再开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">发对城市社会经济和居民生活的影响，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这将是城市治理在转型期面临的普遍性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">挑战。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">广东省作为全国的存量节约集约用<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地示范省，提前展开了试验，对全国其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">他地区有较强的借鉴意义。广州、深圳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和佛山根据自身发展的需要、发展阶段</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的特点，考虑到土地历史遗留问题、财</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政现状、城市文化、社会稳定和产业发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">展需求等因素，针对“三旧”改造和城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市更新采取了差异化的制度创新( 表6)，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府在其中扮演着控制者、推动者和监</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">督者的多重角色，三地存量空间的再利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">用表现出速度快慢的差别、空间效率的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">高低和收益来源模式的不同。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF7p6rUxQXQTOZEsaHBmQtNwchfZTnJus5icl93ngpwWKBr8OdzPlo3Kw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城市的建设和发展遵循着一定的规<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">律性。目前，各个大中城市的土地扩张</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">停滞，建设速度放缓，城市的中心区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进入提质换代阶段，如北京、重庆和厦</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">门等。由于上一阶段城市的快速扩张，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建成区域内积累了诸如交通拥堵、环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">堪忧、公共服务设施老旧和供给不足等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">问题。面对错综复杂的“病症”，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">更新作为一种半被动的政策成为政府治</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">理的“良药”。更新的长期效益与短期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">高昂成本之间的矛盾迫使政府必须权衡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">利弊，选择合适的“政府—市场”治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">模式，避免出现“解决了一个更新的问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">又引发另一个更严重的问题”的情形。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本文中所阐述的“弱政府—强市场”“强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府—弱市场”“政府—市场合作”差</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">异化模式下的实践和结果，折射出城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">更新治理中的几个关键问题：</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 16px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 目标与原则：优化、改善城市空间而非做大“蛋糕”。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">回归到城市更新的初衷，更新治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的政策旨在以最优的成本，实现城市结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">构优化、人居环境的改善，为地区产业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">升级提供空间。城市更新绝不应该异化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为“后土地财政时代”新的增值手段，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从以往依赖土地级差产生溢价转向依靠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建成用地再开发产生溢价。如果把以往</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的城市建设视为在水平方向上的不断扩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">张，那么存量更新不能陷入在垂直方向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">上做大“蛋糕”的陷阱，只关注如何增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">加盈利、如何开展利益再分配。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">作为城市的再建设过程，城市更新<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">宜从治理的目标、理念上跳出“增量”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">怪圈，明确城市是需要“给”还是“取”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">理性评估空间需求；此外，还应融合社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">会综合治理的目标，关注空间公平、包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容和绿色发展，探索除拆建以外的改善、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">维护、提升型更新方式。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">广州近期在原有“三旧”改造政策<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的基础上，增补了“微改造”③政策，为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">微小片区的局部改造提供可能。深圳的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“功能改变型”和“综合整治型”更新模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">均为结合具体的空间改动需求进行的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间维护。要想实现多元化、高质量的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市更新，不仅有赖于清晰的、分时序的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">目标、策略、法规，还需要与时俱进的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">创新思路。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 16px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 底线与基础：维护公共利益，保证公平分配。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">无论强政府还是弱政府，政府至少</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要扮演好“守夜人”的角色，这是政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">做为公共服务供给者和多元利益协调方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的基本任务：守住职能底线，保证城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">总体利益不受损害，严格制定公共服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施和基础设施配套建设的要求，之后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">再尝试实现综合目标。广州、深圳、佛</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">山的更新改造政策均反映了这一点。广</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">州最新出台了关于城市更新的“1+3”文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">件，强调对市场的管制、对土地的控制，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">使更新行为得到有效的约束，减少投机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行为；深圳为更新的保障房配建、基本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施供给专门制定了条文规定。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">广佛两地存在历史保护的问题，更新政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">策为历史风貌地区制定了差异化的保护、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">改善政策。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">过去十几年的快速城市扩张浪潮中，<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市难以预期基础设施、公共服务设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的配给量，导致现在多数建成区中心的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施密集，而外围公共服务设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施不足；基础设施普遍老旧，承载力不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">足。因此，应抓住更新改造的契机，查</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">漏补缺，优化空间布局的结构；总结过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">去城市建设的经验教训，考虑未来空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">需求的“弹性”变化，灵活采取有“韧性”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的管控理念。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 16px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 关键与核心：“成本—收益”的平衡和约束。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“成本—收益”是影响到市场参与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">积极性和参与程度的关键要素，政府需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要根据城市竞争实力、经济发展态势、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">开发基础投入与社会需求等大的形势背</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">景判定推进市场参与的力度和强度。例</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如，佛山作为极具发展潜力的工业大市，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地方政府财力较强，其更新政策找到了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">土地更新与产业发展的结合点，以土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作为“补贴”形式，有效地刺激企业入驻，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">扩大了城市税基。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">此外，还要对收益方有所限制，在<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">保证市场获得合理盈利的情况，避免搭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">便车、损害公共利益的投机行为发生。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳模式减少了对市场行为的干预，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">立法的形式对更新过程予以约束，然而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">房屋价格的显著上涨也反映出地方城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生活成本的迅速提高，这是弱约束力控</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制下房地产市场发展的结果。所以，有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">效的政府监管是必要的，如德国为控制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">房地产的不合理定价，设置处罚措施、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以法律形式强化以居住为导向的住房制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">度设计，减少市场炒作、投机的发生。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 16px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 内生性障碍: 减弱政府的“经济人”色彩。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在更新的三方利益博弈中，政府本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">身亦带有“经济人”的属性，这是内生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性的客观存在。为充实地方财政等原因，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府可以选择成为主导更新和土地收储</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的强政府，形成政府与市场进行利益博</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">弈的模式，导致市场投资环境中成本门</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">槛提高，抑制市场投资热情。例如，广</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">州后期的“政府主导”模式，强调市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">管制、土地控制，这确实使更新行为得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">到有效的约束，但过缓的推进速度，不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">利于优化城市目标的实现。在这种情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下，政府可适度转换思路，着眼于长久</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的收益而非短期的资金平衡。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 16px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 非正式制度：权衡效果与风险。</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在更新过程中的多方结盟，包括政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府与市场的结盟、市场与业主结盟，理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">论上能够实现双赢目标，促进“社会资本”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的正向积累，建立利益方之间的信任，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如佛山市联滘地区的改造，将制度化与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">非正式的方式结合起来。不过在实际操</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作中，参与联盟的主体可能会因为权力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">关系出现内部的依附，导致结盟的不平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">等，引发政府失效或者市场失效，这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">点是需要谨慎权衡的。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">除地方联盟外，可在制度设计中考<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">虑设置较为中立的第三方机构，如我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">香港、台湾均发展非营利组织或者建立</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社区规划师制度来促进“市场—政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">府—社会”的利益方沟通，提高社区活力。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">目前，城市更新的制度建设在我国<span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">还处于起步阶段，还有很多普遍性、地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">域性问题没有被认识和发掘，需要城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">治理者、城市研究者不断进行探索、深</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化认识，以期制定更为有效的治理政策，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">指导城市未来的存量空间建设。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em; margin-bottom: -35px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; width: 100%; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(243, 121, 92, 0.933333);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2016年5期</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新治理模式政策利弊及原因分析</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">—基于广州、深圳、佛山三地城市更新制度的比较》</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.8em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 2px dotted rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海绵系列新书推荐：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《海绵公园》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFrY3IDjSmHBmeOHFVBb8r0RKk7LYBKic6tdYsxFVRXUiadhtB7302g1YQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(39, 8, 8); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">本书由A24 景观设计公司的创始人兼执行董事 斯特凡·罗贝尔（德）编写，囊括了众多关于“海绵公园”设计的优秀案例，在案例设计中巧妙地应用了景观植被对地表雨水进行渗透、调蓄以及过滤等，从而充分体现出公园内的绿地在城市雨洪管理系统中的重要作用。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/LJwBRurftUrEOECZvhAk5RiaSnkafU7qbibxpHM8EIIFliaib30uQxUDRa60CWia76JhA0D8LTdibcybHu2ic6iaAsXE1A.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">精彩书摘</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF6VdXsr8gsKEmCm2XQwuq7jf4EndJoDSwkbq60UQLW3JPYV0oRxwZxQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买QQ：2325124337<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">详询：0771-2438012</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.8em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 2px dotted rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(23, 138, 67); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海绵系列新书推荐：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《海绵城市》 </strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFcYnMyFzzxPaiac6pnUM5cezibJYr9fs1uwAG6Q4rys0y4NNxVTgYxR6w.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">本书以“海绵城市”为主题，通过40多个城市与景观设计项目来探讨水元素在城市空间规划中所扮演的角色和管理，从公园、公共空间、生态区和商业设施等四个方面的雨水管理策略和方法入手，针对雨水管理提出了相应的设计构思和解决方法。所收录的设计方案不仅回应了建筑和景观设计的功能上的需求，更积极从空间与景观的角度介入项目，在提升环境质量的同时，也兼顾了生态发展、生物多样性等城市建设问题的解决。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFI12icnCvR1vHVL5QBythxjcSug75g3g2eLQ63ibSlVvQ5UjKRnLUU8VQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/LJwBRurftUrEOECZvhAk5RiaSnkafU7qbibxpHM8EIIFliaib30uQxUDRa60CWia76JhA0D8LTdibcybHu2ic6iaAsXE1A.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(23, 138, 67); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">精彩书摘</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFg8ZDHMLib1Wks0ATIYK8w74XB8Kgx1wVGPmR7rElVHra4QZ4icVDukMA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买QQ：2325124337<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">详询：0771-2438012</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.8em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 2px dotted rgb(21, 149, 121); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(23, 138, 67); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海绵系列新书推荐：</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《海绵城市工程设计图集》</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXF1EFlricUGKuR5yMDfYWcHZYtIeHUZFcdRDicdoicl2MlNgaO5AW8RmBGg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">本书为广西南宁（国家海绵城市试点城市）华蓝集团与南宁市建委、广西工程建设标准化协会合作设计的海绵城市建设技术，共分为两册，其一为《海绵城市工程设计图集——低影响开发雨水控制及利用》，其二为《海绵城市工程设计实用手册》，为建筑师在雨水管理设计方面提供了极具价值的设计工具和参考规范。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/LJwBRurftUrEOECZvhAk5RiaSnkafU7qbibxpHM8EIIFliaib30uQxUDRa60CWia76JhA0D8LTdibcybHu2ic6iaAsXE1A.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">精彩书摘</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFV1y3If9vJRTEFb0oAUHOzzezb5cYUxtAuVpjW2PKKMbcg8icTrW0QTg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(21, 149, 121); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买QQ：2325124337<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">详询：0771-2438012</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mh9KMTFA0ARHmaSkEVEPYM8YOibrvpZlaOYOfYnG0bumONlnpgchsnaHXqo55QicbBDox58DuPc50ag.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160623/j8bTq15u0mj6U3nFYGTSHcComVibaoPXFvqv1iaqNqgaz5eLnDojz1Jgpp9AgIlQl72DThcShFPCC5BibySFSScrw.jpg" /></section></section></section>
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