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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibUHmvMHKKlq7Z0NapVpQ66Fvvib3kzYfrsophCVRZoICtS0oRar7dicIPHFS9X3Jiaq3EHpcvObBFSA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  <span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作者/ </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">陈洋 薛露露</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">  </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ 陈立群、张倩倩  </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  编辑/ 众山小    排版/ 白松</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9TiaibUHmvMHKKlq7Z0NapVpQ66kiaOOZvJR4Lg88ykFXjgnh3kOO7LEle8CUYjJziastFoVxSmZjAaJKicg.jpg" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文系《营造?动与静：打造以人为本的TOD公共空间》系列文章的第二篇。该系列共7篇，由世界资源研究所出品，通过介绍国内外轨道TOD公共空间的实践案例，旨在说明，当今的TOD规划除了刻意追求建筑与规划叹为观止的形式效果外，更应考虑“个人或群体的平凡、甚至是日常琐碎的需要”。在扬?盖尔提出公共空间概念45年后的今天，场所营造以及城市街道更新，在很多国家正如雨后春笋般掀起一场“公共空间革命”。希望在不久的将来，中国城市也能让这一概念得到实践与发扬。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击查看该系列往期：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105259&idx=4&sn=5e9cb2692990cb692d677d3752ccc3b7&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105259&idx=4&sn=5e9cb2692990cb692d677d3752ccc3b7&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);">营造动与静︱被忽视的地铁站域公共空间改造(1/7)</a></span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 343.333px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="width: 343.333px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 343.333px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105361&idx=3&sn=7087d232be2e6e95a0d8fc14732ac768&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105361&idx=3&sn=7087d232be2e6e95a0d8fc14732ac768&scene=21#wechat_redirect"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(61, 170, 214);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">营</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造动与静︱巴黎、伦敦和香港，城市再开发带动的轨道枢纽站公共空间复兴（2/7）</span></strong></span></a></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/icXglbeLIhiclZTC18nIk8o8TnuvKhiaYhnmaRLM9A4ktzAZlzgcicq9W3XM4oyhnoMq7oQVT6D4icx9RzclRy9Gv9Q.png" /><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中心区主要商业地段的地铁站周边，产生大量出行需求，对道路系统产生巨大压力、形成拥堵瓶颈；同时，这里以机动化为导向的道路设计，也给行人安全带来威胁，抑制了这些空间的商业吸引力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对这些地区的彻底改善，往往受制于极高的城市再开发成本。因此，在现有基础设施之上，开辟新的空间<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（尤其是地下空间）</span>，以容纳行人与更多商业空间，就成为这些地段再造与重生的新机遇。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为地铁换乘站的交通价值附加商业价值，在国际城市早有实践，例如东京新宿站及香港中环站。然而，国内的实践中，仍存在诸多壁垒，例如空间规划不合理、协调机制缺位，等等。    </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海较早开始结合地铁站和周边商业进行地下空间一体化开发的站点，经过十多年的机制探索、持续建设和更新，目前静安寺地铁站周边已形成相对成熟的地下空间体系，是内地屈指可数的商业中心地铁站地下空间开发的成功案例。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">开辟地铁站的地下商业网络</span></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">静安寺地铁站是位于上海南京西路市级商业中心的三线换乘站，目前2号线和7号线已建成。静安寺在开发之初就被定位为“高质量的商务商业区”，鼓励商业设施与站点地下空间的综合利用，所以，站点周边地块用地属性以商业、办公、文化娱乐为主。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中，静安寺地铁站及周边的地下一层被规划为公共活动层，以商业设施和轨道交通站厅功能为主。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这一层除了地铁站付费区、非付费区、连接通道的步行区域外，还衔接INSHOP地下购物街的步行空间、伊美时尚广场的静安下沉广场，以及多个私人开发商提供的商业建筑室内半公共地下步行空间<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（例如，久百城市广场、芮欧百货、静安嘉里中心、晶品购物中心的地下商业部分）</span>。这些商业步行空间与地铁站非付费区连接，形成集换乘通道、商业街为一体的连续的步行系统。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">除了独立的大型购物中心与地下商业街，静安寺地铁站内还灵活布置了点状的商业设施，包括换乘站厅通道中央的便利店和专卖点，以及在部分出口拐角处布置的设摊点，在不阻碍人流的基础上，丰富了业态，也增加了地铁站收益。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如此，一方面利用连通的地下空间，改善地铁站的步行可达性；另一方面，通过商业空间，达到分流人群的效果。同时，地铁站大量的客流也为商业增加了人气，各购物中心和购物街通过步行通道得到了客流共享的益处，增加了购物“粘性”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9Tia9ZL4TE8so7AHdIdbiaM6MeS321deaPHPCxNWLM3nlPUzb82DmRu6bTz7kheTkxQYcb1y0AfDUvHlQ.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图一、 静安寺地下一层步行通道及商业设施</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地铁站周边的公共空间的整合</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">静安寺地区在形成四通八达的立体步行网络的同时，也将地块内的公共空间有机整合起来，其连接起来的公共空间，包括静安公园及其门前广场、静安下沉广场、静安寺庙东步行街，以及各大商业建筑附属广场与绿地、内部半公共空间和屋顶花园。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">静安寺下沉广场作为2号线地铁站配套工程，广场布置于地铁5号口，广场南侧为商场，西南侧设置半圆形<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">露天看台和舞台</strong>，利用时空的交叉，提高场地利用效率，最大限度为市民共享。此外，购物中心周边地块常常转变为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">集市活动的场所。</strong>静安公园和久光百货的入口广场区域，被划定为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海街头艺人表演点。</strong>另外，还有特别准许的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">户外餐饮区域和夜间摊点。</strong>通过临时性活动的空间和准许机制，静安寺地铁站周边的公共空间在功能和时间维度上都被较为充分地利用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9Tia9ZL4TE8so7AHdIdbiaM6MeSmdjrdYnCbCT0ZpyqotWdYPZk1KjYRujuJeNNrJKUFQicB2fsmWVXznQ.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图二、静安寺地下一层步行通道及商业设施</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9Tia9ZL4TE8so7AHdIdbiaM6MeS5wFJ449OLQrVfB7wP1kaRBPzdicI3yr7Jm0VibYOoZwAtrJMh7c96Mxw.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图三、静安寺公共空间的活化利用</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">不可忽视的步行体验</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于地铁换乘站，由于工程性限制或对于人流疏解的考虑，常常不可避免地导致换乘距离过长，加上地下通道原本闭塞压抑的空间特征，对于地铁站内的步行空间体验是极大考验。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先，改善地下空间的步行环境，不仅需有充足的照明或配套商业与公共设施，最重要的是清晰标识和地面引导系统。事实上，国际城市的站点地下商业空间<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（如香港和东京）</span>均设置有详细的指路系统，协助乘客在复杂的地下空间找寻目的地。此外，可读的标识系统也有助于大规模人流的快速疏散。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">其次，一些内部装修与设计也能改善步行体验。通道界面的艺术化设计是静安寺优化步行体验的亮点：结合7号线衔接的商业INSHOP购物街，形成装饰艺术墙和装饰小品，配合地面流线引导的艺术化处理，以及晶品购物中心通道营造具有变化性的室内环境，这些丰富的空间体验消除了长距离地下步行通道的不适感。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9Tia9ZL4TE8so7AHdIdbiaM6MeStBicMP0icpHsdNHgwCoS0iaPtNMlkh0CjexSjvuutodDf50IqOxxIN7zg.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图四、静安寺步行通道界面的艺术装饰</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">协调与保障机制的“破题”</span></strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">除地铁站配套工程以外，静安寺站地区各地块均分属不同开发主体，因此在站点地下空间一体化规划和实施中，面临协调困难。 上海静安寺之所以能成为地铁站地下空间开发的先行者，主要得益于城市设计的统筹与法定引导，以及针对建设用地使用权的机制创新：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">“一张图”式的规划统筹：</span></strong>城市设计在国内并不具有法定性，其实施程度一般不能保证。而完成于1995年的静安寺城市设计，由静安区政府组织编制完成后，作为静安区政府在该地区的发展和建设中的重要工作文件，也是静安区城市规划行政主管部门在项目审批中的重要操作依据。因此，该城市设计在建设项目的选址、设计条件的确定、地下通道的接口预留和衔接、建设方案的协调与审批中，都被作为重要依据，从而一定程度保证了静安寺地块及其周围用地的统一筹划，也使得打破土地使用权的界限成为可能。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励开发商代建或相邻地块的联合开发机制：</span></strong>值得指出的是，即便统筹规划，建立站点区域系统的地下空间规划，仍然还需要其他协调机制，包括：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">调整土地使用权，鼓励开发商配建公共空间：</span></strong>根据城市设计的指引，理应将静安寺东侧的步行街和九百广场高台式的中庭广场组合成一个“T”字形的公共空间，从而形成地铁1号、2号口处的完整空间。但静安寺庙东步行街属于上海城建配套发展公司，而紧邻久光城市广场用地属于九百集团。为保证地块开发的完整性和公共空间的质量，在2000年静安寺地区重大项目的整体规划中，通过协调进行了用地权属调整。静安寺庙北步行街北段地块，经批准九百集团扩大用地许可后，由九百集团和上海城建共同开发，而不是作为城市道路广场或市政设施用地单独建设。这种土地使用权的调整，一方面，使得九百集团的用地扩大，在容积率给定的前提下，增加了开发建筑量；另一方面，步行街作为商业开发的附属项目，通过私人资金投入，保证了公共空间的质量和资金来源。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">建立立体分层产权，鼓励相邻地块开发商合作开发公共空间：</span></strong>2007年《物权法》明确“地役权人有权按照合同约定，利用他人的不动产，提高自己不动产的效益”。据此，静安寺地下空间开发在具体实施中，引入立体产权与联合开发，有效整合了地下空间的建设实施。具体操作是，对分属不同开发主体的相邻地块，其中一个地块通过向另一地块转让部分空间的土地使用权，以提升自身地块的价值，实现两块土地的综合开发。对此，静安寺城市航站楼和久百城市广场地块进行初次尝试。两块土地的权利主体分别提出详细规划报批请示，经批复确认后，从规划层面，确立整体开发方案及立体空间确权，再由土地管理部门通过土地挂牌的方式，与两幅地块权利主体分别签订建设用地使用权出让合同，城市航站楼地块由此取得了久百城市广场的部分地下空间使用权，解决了其交通设施空间的问题。在静安寺具体的开发中，地役权的出让方式，使得立体空间整合更具灵活性，这种模式对已经高度开发、空间有限的地块开发和更新十分实用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">总结与启示</span></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">静安寺作为商业中心区的大型换乘枢纽站点，在地下步行通道的组织、地铁与商业的紧密结合，以及良好步行体验的营造上，都体现了市场化和人性化理念。特别是，通过地铁与商业的结合，既完成了立体步行系统的整合，也借由私人资本的投入优化了步行通道的设施环境，方便了乘客，同时也促进了商业的活力及客流共享。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对地铁站周边的公共空间而言，静安寺通过临时性活动的空间设计和准许机制，促进了空间的多模式、多时段利用，营造了充满活力的丰富场所和地区形象。这一点是国内许多城市地铁站忽略的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在地铁站综合开发的机制设计中，静安寺无疑进行了诸多大胆创新，包括建设权的协商转让和地役权模式转让，但其成功一定程度上依赖于政府主导的开发模式。一方面，城市设计的指导作用需要政府一以贯之且有力的执行；另一方面，地块建设权的转让，由于有具体的报批和许可流程，在土地权属方有一方是政府时，更易实现。但静安寺的经验无疑给地铁站综合开发的公共空间建设资金和用地权属协调两方面提供了有益的思路。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">表一、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">国内外最佳案例分类</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9TiaibUHmvMHKKlq7Z0NapVpQ66MkgPmreHSNjJbeHWawTNlFRtHsNlBicpQsPAWwCUjpEMrH8HjmZ74kQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/ZvhYJtSaAkgYRCa4ZNSugOzH4N4aFoDcEejkMbPrJpTbXHGia4rD07yLzciczszaFxW8GtbtRcVicRIO0Xa1QTOtA.gif" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/QH2YT4RlxiaicaeywZGQn9rfqUSiaNRgy0FC3BAQGnzZmvwVQiczemOZG84gL0Qyc3r2xC45FliaXibLgMHxpFCGYqiaw.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); margin-left: 0.8em; margin-right: 0.8em; padding: 5px; transform: skew(30deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style=" transform: skew(-30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(-30deg); -moz-transform: skew(-30deg); -o-transform: skew(-30deg); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 17.6px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">陈洋，上海城市规划设计研究院规划师， 场所营造实验室联合创始人，北京大学城市规划学士、巴黎政治大学大都市治理硕士。场所营造实验室（Crowdsourcing Placemaker，CSP）是一个致力于借助公众、社区及多元主体力量，通过众包式/参与式规划营造更好公共空间的非正式研究和实践团队。CSP此次与WRI合作，共同完成了本系列文章的撰写。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">薛露露，世界资源研究所城市交通研究员，负责为中国城市可持续交通发展提供政策和研究支持。在加入世界资源研究所之前，她曾在美国、墨西哥、智利进行以公交引导城市发展的研究分析，土地利用和交通协调发展，城市停车政策研究和交通出行预测建模。 露露拥有北京大学地理信息系统学士和硕士学位，以及麻省理工学院城市规划硕士学位。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">世界资源研究所为全球排名第一*的环境智库。在城市规划和交通领域深耕数十年，有着丰富成功的实践经验。其可持续交通发展研究工作依托位于美国、中国、墨西哥、巴西、印度和土耳其等国家的经验积累，以及与各国地方和国家政府、国际非政府组织以及商业机构的紧密战略关系，以成功的试点项目、扎实的政策研究和广泛而有影响力的能力建设等多种形式，全方位推动地方、国家以及全球层面的可持续交通发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">*根据美国宾夕法尼亚大学下属的“智库和市民社会项目”小组发布的《全球智库报告》，世界资源研究所自2012年起连续三年被评为全球最佳环境类智库，并于2013年和2014年连续获得全球能源与资源政策类智库第二名。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/DoL9WRAQmOKdcSEGibFsLEMtANMoNnvJicaWI7VOAjFoRibfAYiarCDZAPTavECwnPaUHy0oLmia6BA3gKSKkzFhiaHA.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9TiaibUHmvMHKKlq7Z0NapVpQ66yicMykVQRZYramqDImeQBWk04TUvo1s5y4hiambXcJjOgw875XZAE6pw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(243, 115, 178); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买2015上半年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/AQj5Baz4tmmZ9bxgFuxNuGaavTLbUcpuFxt5Riat6HVEdn2BIlVhwv7LwzLGCa83XeAicz2zwCgaBdAuh822X2kA.gif" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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"><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160622/mee9Bdh9TiaibUHmvMHKKlq7Z0NapVpQ66BpApNOxia1HXkEick0ic92V4Q9kHaibx3KcJQdUS5w2GUAjVbamnR2AT5g.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; 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