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<p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"></span></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style="white-space: normal;"><blockquote class="main" style="padding: 20px 15px 15px 48px; border-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/qAEVTTssxDdVdWDMcRs0ja7rUbrk9qy1yzhf80EsOHTiaGMYXcciavu5zdFd4FJJdWYqibDIgaqfulkPbJUicudRaA/0?wx_fmt=png); background-position: 10px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><p class="ue_t" style="line-height: 1.5;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">　　本文为同济大学宋小冬教授在“2016第十届规划信息化实务论坛”上的报告资料，</span><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">感谢作者授权发布，感谢论坛主办单位上海数慧系统技术有限公司等机构给予资源支持！</span></p></blockquote></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"></span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"></span></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong>管理学科领域关于决策的一般理论</strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">决策是对比较重要的问题作出决定。用计算机辅助决策，就是决策支持，或者称决策支持系统。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">需要决策的问题，可分为结构化、非结构化两大类</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">。<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">现实中需要决策的问题，一般处于这两个极端之间，可称为半结构化问题，或者称结构化程度较弱、较强。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">决策支持系统帮助决策者完成结构化程度较弱的决策。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">决策还有经常性重复决策、偶然性特别决策之分。偶然出现的问题，如果专门研制计算机系统辅助决策，成本高，时间也可能来不及。但是如果要解决的问题很重要，即使偶然发生，运用计算机系统也值得，这时可称为决策支持，而暂不形成稳定的系统。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHROIAo3WxuyGNua7qCBibCWcNORblNxnd8GFb5z3uVibKKanZrqvLf8AZA.jpg" /><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">管理科学还有理性决策、有限理性之分。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">理性决策</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">：结构化程度较强；</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">有限理性决策</span></strong>：结构化程度较弱。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">渐进决策</span></strong>：结构化程度较弱，但是可以逐步提高理性的比重。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">关于规划支持系统</span></strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">20世纪末，西方学者提出了“<strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">规划支持系统（PSS）</span></strong>”这个专业术语，经过10多年的发展，出现了很多PSS的应用，定义尚不统一，大致有两种类型：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">（1）<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">借助信息技术，将多源、混杂、不规范的信息，用特殊的处理方法，变得清晰、简练、规范</span></strong>，如：人口、土地、环境、基础<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">设施，这些专题信息成为后续规划编制、政策制定的重要依据，但是专题信息只是部分依据，不能产生规划结论。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">（2）<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">借助特殊的信息处理方法，为规划中的某类业务提供决策支持</span></strong>，和企业管理领域的决策支持系统很相似，主要的区别是为了<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">公共利益，而不是企业利益。这类系统的运用，当然需要基础性、专题性的信息，但是系统本身是针对规划结论，不是专题性的信息。</span></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">前一类规划支持系统可称为PSS-Ⅰ型，界定比较宽泛，应用也非常广泛，后一类规划支持系统可称为PSS-Ⅱ型，应用面窄，跨国家<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">、跨地区、跨规划类型，应用就受到很大限制。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">国内规划领域信息技术应用</span></strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">国内规划行业，信息技术应用有两大典型：</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">一是规划日常管理中信息技术应用，往往已开发了稳定的、定制的信息系统，涉及结构化程度高，经常性、重复性的决策。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">二是规划编制业务中专题性的信息处理，和西方的PSS-Ⅰ型相似，对规划方案的决定还是靠人的经验，或者偶然采用决策支持，极少出现稳定的决策支持系统，因此PSS-Ⅱ型很少出现。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px;">国内一些学术机构、或规划实务机构，引进过国外的PSS软件，因制度、经济、规划类型、基础数据差距较大，处于尝试、学习的状态，应用推广难度很大。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">建设强度分区规划</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">建设强度分区是目前国内规划体系中的薄弱环节，深圳、成都、武汉、上海等地先行尝试，尽管本身不完美，但是效果显著。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">可以预计，强度分区规划会在各大中城市推广，从而弥补目前规划体系中的薄弱环节，使规划管理更加稳健。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">容积率是强度分区的核心</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">，和总体规划、控制性详细规划相比，强度分区需要解决的问题相对狭窄。虽然决策所面临的也是半结构化问题，但是结构化程度比总体规划、控制性详细规划要高一些。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">由于缺乏经验，外部环境还不稳定，很多城市是从头开始编制强度分区规划。开发决策支持系统会有难度，但是可以从决策支持开始做起。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong>从决策支持走向决策支持系统</strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">如果决策支持的效果较好，可考虑提升为决策支持系统，进一步提高效率、透明度，虽然同一城市规划修编的间隔较长，但是<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">决策支持系统可以在不同城市之间重复使用，还可以传播经验、相互借鉴，避免各地从头摸索，少走弯路，减少失误。</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">建设强度分区决策支持系统框架设计</span></strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px;">形式上属理性决策，实质上是有限理性，吸取渐进决策方法，增加循环次数。</span><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRJDxfmWZQFtWsUMckGqtoPZdmkVfpeVWPANwHlVRBnv8d6DjiavwJQaw.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">价值倾向属强度分区的基本原则，可能是领导个人提出，或来自重要文件，词语非常简练，没有详细解释。规划编制者只能按自己的理解，将它具体化，在后续的循环过程中不断深化，达成共识。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color: rgb(188, 27, 18); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">产生方案的规则就是价值倾向的具体化，可分为5种规则：<br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（1）主导因素单项评分<br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（2）多因素综合分级</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（3）分级赋值</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（4）特别区修正</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（5）地块微观修正</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">靠这些规则产生规划方案，可以借助计算机系统，快速、精确。<br  /></span></p><p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">约束性目标</span></strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px;">主要来自外部条件，是对规划方案的整体性约束。</span><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">主导因素评分</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">针对一般地区，涉及多个因子，采用多准则土地适宜性评价技术，先做单因素评分，再做综合评分，产生<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">强度分级</span></strong>。然后靠分级评分规则，<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">将强度分级转换为容积率指标</span></strong>。<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">特别区修正</span></strong>规则对特殊地区做有针对性的局部调整。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">外部条件产生的约束性目标，可以防止规划产生整体性的偏差，也可判断方案特征。</span><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">微观修正</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">规则也是规划的内容，但是本系统不靠它处理数据。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRM2vWswrhk5daXo75wz8nTRUd4MHx77ONtjWMia8ecTu9jUJAoSHCAfA.jpg" /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">强度分区属半结构化决策，规划方案一旦出现，规划机构内部就会有不同意见，就要调整规则，产生新的方案，也可调整制约性目标，再检验。由于基础数据已经完备，调规则、出方案的周期大大缩短。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">相邻机构、外部专业人士了解了规划方案，也会质疑，往往是价值倾向不一致导致，也许是对规划方案有误解。这时，规划编制者要耐心解释方案，或者解释价值倾向，也可调整产生方案的规则，生成不同方案，征求各方意见。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">随着参与规划的各方对规则、方案逐步理解、认可，会逐步妥协，这时规划方案就进入基本满意阶段，可以选定最终方案。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">本系统的作用：<br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（1）靠规则生成方案，具有唯一性。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（2）目标检验，精确、可信。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（3）规则透明，便于各方质疑。方案容易解释，防止误解。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（4）调整规则，调整目标再出方案、再检验、周期短，</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">（5）便于多方参与。</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">系统设计特点</span></strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">求各方满意，不求最佳结果；求规则透明，不求方案最优。</span></strong><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">系统副产品</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">：规则和方案可以进入地方法规体系，和方案保持一致，便于执行。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">将基础资料转变为本系统需要的数据，可以看成是PSS-Ⅰ型，根据规则产生方案，目标检验，或者调整规则、约束性目标，再产生方案，可以看成是PSS-Ⅱ型。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">理论依据</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">：从理性决策走向有限理性，从一次性决策走向渐进决策。面对公共利益，找不到最优方案，经多次循环，达到多方满意。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">借助计算机系统辅助半结构化的决策，比传统方法周期短、规则透明、目标可质疑、过程精确。</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style=" margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; text-align: center;  "><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-10px"><section class="yead_bdbc" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><p><strong><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">强度分区规划决策支持系统（DZPSS）实现</span></strong></p></section><section style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-top:-2px"><section class="yead_bdtc yead_bdlc" style="width: 0px; border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-left-width: 8px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(88, 13, 33); border-right-width: 8px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 8px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"></section><section style="width:0;border-top-width:6px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#fff;border-left-width:5px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:#fff;margin-top:-16px;margin-left:2px;border-right-width:5px!important;border-right-style:solid!important;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-width:6px!important;border-bottom-style:solid!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important"></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px;">本系统的计算机操作有三种方式：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">（1）<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">全交互式</span></strong><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">使用现成的软件产品，不编制专门程序，靠人机交互操作，主要有：基础资料收集、简化、规范化。部分目标检验，如：强度分区成果和控制性详规的匹配性检验。决策过程、阶段性结果的可视化，主要是制作各种专题地图。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">（2）<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">半交互式</span></strong>利用ArcGis Model Builder 功能，快速建模，简化交互式操作。主要针对通用规则、指标综合。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">（3）<strong><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(188, 27, 18);">批处理为主</span></strong><br  /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">利用ArcGis的Add-In接口，用Visual Studio/C#语言编制程序，成为ArcGis for Desktop的插件，运行期间也会出现少量交互式界面。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style="width: 100%; border: medium none; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><section style="width:40px;height:40px;float:right"><section style="width:1px;box-shadow:#666 -1px 1px 2px"><section style="border-width:20px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #999 #999"></section><section style="margin-top:-38px;margin-left:1px;border-width:18px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #f5f5f5 #f5f5f5"></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);"><section class="yead_bdc" style="width: 80%; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); margin-left: 8px; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(42, 52, 58);"><section><strong>关于城市建设强度分区规划的一些案例分析及方法探索</strong></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><p style="word-wrap: break-word; color: inherit; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color:inherit"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">? </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">强度分区规划支持系统依托ArcGIS10.2,以ArcGIS自带的模型构建器（Model Builder）和基于.net 平台的Visual Studio 2010/C# 语言开发的Add-Ins插件相结合的方式进行开发。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">? </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">Model Builder 方式为多准则土地适宜性评价，对土地分级。                                   </span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; font-family: 宋体;">?</span><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;"> Add-In方式开发的三个插件分别是综合评分插件、分级赋值插件和目标检验插件。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">? </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">特别区修正采用全人机交互方式完成。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRh4vXXkcmVrpcxJ2PVFPfIzulMYr1sicAVVCBwJxonCkhvSdYGWEUQTg.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRMEicUJucEQ0AicibOg6VHMECLL2fgibTcQF3cZkicAqmHicHQln3vwA81RSQ.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR6cpaibkzaapFZxh7Lctpib8jBJTeYJtSvnbjLXbxqAR069owAbRE90ow.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR95gRz0XWP0moHGPguEuLcdS6XksOspKBjOkkqM4KOjvQl8LXbpv8EQ.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRziaQBXDgibYz6tyCIvdRbfXpBrnK4ibFFDSejyc9kWZKwaa1Yic4fqibvmQ.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR3SW6H9Cwvs6hsnte0vhAN8Fdww9wFKLQ3ibaFmkv7d6kaohzjCmch6A.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRsDYODQWgLpy4zbXf2KpCXh14TlFtDeEU8ibWXt5CycY3AduPYg4jMibg.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHREyytcsxIzb6Yh4SicHXaSLQevhRqTXr5so3czuvtsK1NDxNuUd6qItQ.jpg" /><br  /></span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="yead_editor" label="Copyright ? 2015 Yead All Rights Reserved." style=""><section style="width: 100%; border: medium none; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><section style="width:40px;height:40px;float:right"><section style="width:1px;box-shadow:#666 -1px 1px 2px"><section style="border-width:20px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #999 #999"></section><section style="margin-top:-38px;margin-left:1px;border-width:18px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #f5f5f5 #f5f5f5"></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);"><section class="yead_bdc" style="width: 80%; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: rgb(10, 8, 97); margin-left: 8px; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(42, 52, 58);"><section><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">使用效果详见实例：DZPSS在宁波市中心城强度分区规划中的运用</span></strong></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><p style="word-wrap: break-word; color: inherit; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; line-height: 30px; text-indent: 2em;"><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRsJjBSmr8ybBrKywqGObBY2aicJB6hFYunFhzI0FcGT08U8xlPzkUNYQ.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRmK4ecibcYe4Wiakiavw9KspOk0G5IOqeHFnc9OVUKthtREOpEiazr6WQVg.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRy8ggg4XdBkM7tNtsZplT6ia88E99ibYM5UC1SWpicABnpe52jsWoBjhqQ.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR6WUSSiazc04LsPVSanWEEBgIO6hGkE9YWmibe5Ft8I1YSlibojnADCJ0Q.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRtYCT07Q1PkyTGBRicjoPTafkFPVmx9icG430m6Sl0GCjia2Mt0fungeDA.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR9gxfxsJk7xslgPXIM4Q6769qbmBz4hRL8H2TMeV2EJgdSxWojqia8Hg.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRIT2aNJyWUOiaQG9MsO4MvcibfwDTkqbP8A514JUtzu1IJHePp4TdHlCA.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRcvmODciaiaPItds4syQBZCOkYYLgQpGsEAv1By7KS5QgEA7wiavmEz5qw.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRW7IPlDlqxGPLzz0eq9jiaYUKNTLutUicT7u4NnzSqpZkERo1dPLoic4cw.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRRTyicq0yA0g22hR9oV6efaqoKNpq7iciaBGsDQibCGAqDlqjOMTwYvPicLA.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHRCTQE0ztiajBXj5uiaXyoEiay79myeic4sJvOBUklrvAHQxdzu4MYziafxrg.jpg" /><br  /><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160621/qAEVTTssxDcaibCOictAXQ1s87wBQaTNHR768Zg5EcESXgQTy2yUFsbIRICd0PLibM9B0vxPTtL9bEXicdDDuSXclg.jpg" /><br  /><img 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