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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAWiaErY610tP5JSFUAjsk95Q7I8ZJzcYQ3P1aG640Y2rCPHicgoCZcuqww/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作者/ 薛露露   </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 文献/ 陈立群、张倩倩  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 编辑/ 众山小    排版/ 周利亚 </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKgYbEZpX8Sq6pic4lwTyI9cHqRmb9aNqOwH3I88icYA40s5OlFzP7oa8g.jpg" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者脸萌与导读：本文系《营造?动与静：打造以人为本的TOD公共空间》系列文章的前言。该系列共7篇，由世界资源研究所出品，通过介绍国内外轨道TOD公共空间的实践案例，旨在说明，当今的TOD规划除了刻意追求建筑与规划叹为观止的形式效果外，更应考虑“个人或群体的平凡、甚至是日常琐碎的需要”。在扬?盖尔提出公共空间概念45年后的今天，场所营造以及城市街道更新，在很多国家正如雨后春笋般掀起一场“公共空间革命”。希望在不久的将来，中国城市也能让这一概念得到实践与发扬。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin: 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; animation: emp_bounceUpDown 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/SdQfYA9kiabupXHlibVPaPzDyyibGNia7uzdTUVBfp9Nzz6lSVr31pZmzWCtaMvdD3aCT6LjomFcibuzJ0vlkMEAzNg/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/SdQfYA9kiabupXHlibVPaPzDyyibGNia7uzdTUVBfp9Nzz6lSVr31pZmzWCtaMvdD3aCT6LjomFcibuzJ0vlkMEAzNg.png" /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin: 0px auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; animation: emp_bounceUpDown 1.5s ease-in-out 0.5s 1 normal both paused; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/SdQfYA9kiabupXHlibVPaPzDyyibGNia7uzdk8s0Sjk75QM7y2iaSIicv9QJA9TwzXxR6TicllooAgHnIKlx6M59aNOXQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/SdQfYA9kiabupXHlibVPaPzDyyibGNia7uzdk8s0Sjk75QM7y2iaSIicv9QJA9TwzXxR6TicllooAgHnIKlx6M59aNOXQ.png" /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">被忽视的公共空间</strong></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“当人们提起城市，可能会首先联想到摩天高楼或宽敞的街道。然而，对城市规划者而言，城市的本质是人。所以，创造居民日常出行、活动与互动的场所，才应是一座城市之所以被称之为城市的根本。在这一意义下，城市公共空间营造的重要性，远远胜过象征城市繁荣的高楼大厦。” </strong></span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">——纽约前规划局局长阿曼达?博顿</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在轨道交通站点集聚效应带动下，围绕轨道交通站域布置城市公共空间（Public Realm），不仅可提升城市公共空间的可达性，同时也能在站点空间高密度开发环境下，缓解高层建筑的逼仄感，促进混合功能之间的融合与衔接，吸引市民聚集停留及交流。因此，营造轨道交通站域公共空间对以公交为导向的城市开发建设项目具有着重要意义。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">以纽约为例，前规划局局长阿曼达?博顿接手时的纽约，还只是一座以车为本的城市。由于缺乏以人为本的设计，其轨道站域公共空间也未能起到增进人际互动的作用，反而成为冰冷水泥空间。然而，随着纽约规划局与社区居民近几年对公共空间的共同营造，不仅涌现出高线公园、众多向公众开放的口袋公园和露天咖啡座等有活力的空间，彻底改变了市民的城市意象以及生活品质，也扭转了纽约市的国际形象，让这些公共空间成为更多人所津津乐道的场所。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">同样，在欧洲的城市，城市改造也从摩天大楼、宽街道的现代城市主义，向尊重传统城市空间结构、提倡以人为本方向发展。例如，自上世纪80年代起，为纪念法国大革命200周年启动的城市公共空间建设运动，就是以城市街道步行环境的改善、城市社区与场所营造以及生态环境修复为重心。包括巴黎塞纳河沿岸步行空间、西尔贝地区等在内的大规模城市公共空间改造工作，不仅保持了与其奥斯曼式的城市历史风貌与肌理的协调性，也创造出大量公共设施齐全、文化生活丰富的中心集聚区。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKtNTYbwhleSCOvswSKlNn5ickFiaEFNKUOFpoyrPMPs3H2iaPA19Kue6zA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图一、 纽约与巴黎的公共空间营造“运动”</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中国，随着城市地铁系统高速发展，在地铁站步行可达范围内，也有意无意创造出大小不一、系统或分散的公共空间。这些公共空间，在狭义的形式上，包括供公众使用的室外及室内空间（如站前广场、街道、高架或地下步行系统、利用建筑边角的口袋公园及室内公共空间等）；在广义功能上，则包括公共服务设施（如图书馆、电影院、文化娱乐设施等）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些轨道站域公共空间，其根本目在于为市民提供生活与交往的场所。换言之，只有以人为本，公共空间才会被赋予真实意义。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而，在TOD理论中，公共空间所扮演的角色，正逐步被忽视。涉及TOD的各种理论，也往往集中于高密度和混合利用，对公共空间从未有过系统定位与阐述。在实践中，由于缺乏有效的城市设计控制手段与合理定位，很多公共空间要么属于附属产品，要么更多还仅是形式上的公共空间，以人为本的属性常常被忽略。尽管TOD站前广场与街道规模不断扩大，但由于经常缺乏“人气”，未能成为凝聚人的空间，而沦为城市形象美化工程的产物。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国城市产业向服务业转型升级，以及城市白领数量增长，势必对公共服务设施的齐全性与文化生活的多样性提出更高的要求。而对轨道站点TOD公共空间的设计与营造，不仅可满足不同出行目的人群的需要，也能释放更多社会、经济及环境效益：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?交通换乘与人群疏散：轨道交通的集聚效应，体现为汇聚大量人流，因而增强轨道站域公共空间衔接轨道车站、地面地下建筑、街道及其他公共交通之间衔接，使得轨道站域在各个高度、各水平层的公共空间都形成回路，编织节点-路径-区域组成的公共空间网络体系，可进一步强化轨道交通的聚集效应。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?经济与商业发展：通过街道系统、高架或地下步行网络以及休闲空间串联起的公共空间，将地铁站与周边主要商业或公共目的地衔接，提升了轨道站点周边商业与办公的可达性。另外，利用相对剩余的公共空间（left-over spaces），如地下通道、建筑退后以及开放的建筑底层等，在不影响行步流线的情况下，可以创造更多商业空间。事实上，“个性化”的公共空间场所营造，既能吸引不同目标人群驻足消费，也能吸引高品质租户，提升区域租金。例如，伦敦国王十字站的改造，将一个废弃的工业用地成功转型为城市新兴商业办公与文化区，吸引了Google、路易斯威登与伦敦艺术大学的落户。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?本地社区发展及场所营造：通过组织临时性活动、在开敞空间提供咖啡座或商亭等社区化场所等营造措施，将地铁站周边的公共空间打造为城市目的地。如果地铁站得以不再是“中转站”，而是成为市民驻足、停留和消费等活动聚集地，则既有助于提升非通勤客流，也能通过“自上而下”的规划与“自下而上”的社区参与相结合，打造本地化的社区特色品牌。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?绿色环境保护以及节能：首先，宜人的站域公共空间的绿化与景观设计，本身就能改善城市生态环境，起到自然通风、温度调节的作用；此外，若在公共空间的设计中，事先考虑到雨水收集、节能等环保手段，会更有助于减轻TOD开发的环境负荷。例如，日本东京涩谷站Hikarie综合体在站域公共空间的设计上，就通过地上、地下开放式的天井，实现自然通风，减少机械通风产生的能耗。东京六本木站泉花园大厦和伦敦金丝雀码头站则是借助透明的建筑屋顶与外墙，尽可能实现自然采光。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">       </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而，目前国内轨道站域的公共空间，还仍主要停留于交通换乘功能，未发挥出其衔接周边街区的纽带作用，以及吸引商业与场所营造的催化力。相反，由于公共空间利用不足及不具吸引力，商业定位不理想，缺乏维护以及无缝衔接等问题，轨道站域的公共空间也逐渐成为被遗弃的消极空间。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多元化的TOD公共空间</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果说TOD是精细化的工程，那么公共空间的规划、设计与营造，就是TOD项目中难以批量化规模生产的重要组成部分。事实上，由于地铁站功能与所处环境不同，每个站点与周边公共空间在空间设计上面临的问题与设计策略也不同。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">从规模上划分，轨道站域周边传统意义上的站前空间，会根据站点位置与周边用地类型，呈现出不同形式：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKEw7UxogjhbzoWibqBzYmtArkzIqQBLic2vn5y9N1ap4OAMe4ic1KlP44g.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图二、 TOD公共空间类型</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">此外，除平面空间之外，轨道站域的公共空间也体现出多种立体形式，使得轨道站点能辐射更广泛的范围。例如，在香港与上海，在商业中心轨道站域空间里，以地铁为中心，形成了包括二层连廊、建筑二层室内大厅、地下商业空间在内、庞大且立体的步行体系。在东京，六本木站泉花园大厦综合体，则是通过扶梯及台阶，形成同一个平面上向各个方向延伸的绿化空间，跨越并衔接了地下层地铁站与地面3层的公共空间，也创造出“地形”的变化，将地铁站与周边建筑在横向上有机衔接起来。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外，鉴于TOD也是高密度的开发，所以在横向步行网络中关键节点上，结合高密度建筑综合体设置纵向公共空间，不仅可改善TOD的竖向步行效率，也能创造出横向与竖向交织的公共空间体系。例如，东京涩谷站Hikarie建筑综合体，就是利用电梯与建筑中庭，结合环形电子组成了TOD纵向公共空间，不仅为竖向步行流线提供了设施通道，同时也提供了休憩与观赏的广场功能，而其视觉的通透性也让使用者能一览地上、地下、室内与室外的活动，提升各类商业及创意产业的可见度。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKnCmPJjeeubpp0mssHINH4oiatUGulX6Ob0Ha1y5QkkMeg8ZskaWejTw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、</strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不同立体形式的轨道站域公共空间</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">最后，在整个城市空间尺度上，运用城市轨道交通的轴线，可使站域公共空间沿着轴线形成系统、完整且富有张力的公共空间系统，从而对城市结构产生深远影响。例如，在贯穿新加坡城市南北铁路线的改造项目中，城市计划在铁路沿线周围建立社区，并结合站域公共空间设计、城市生态景观环境保护，将线路转化为由铁路串联起来的城市绿色公共空间轴线。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这种系统性的轨道公共空间轴线系统，不仅有助于人们建立有关城市的完整意象，也有助于解决地面轨道系统对城市负面影响（城市肌理割裂、噪音等），活化城市空间结构，打造城市连续的生态系统。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKbyNrDCC7rUDlOUxlB8nnKBJkW2b1eSjLf3XE57jEc5ic1EXtictwaMHg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图四、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">新加坡铁路沿线“绿色走廊”概念性设计</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">打造以人为本TOD公共空间</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“尽管文化和气候全球各异，但人是不变的。如果可以营造一个美好的公共空间，人们自然会在那里聚集。”</strong><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">——丹麦建筑师与城市设计师 扬?盖尔</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">依据站域周边历史文化、自然文化特征、用地现状以及社区积极程度，轨道站域公共空间不必千篇一律（即不必从设计形式上统一为立体系统步行系统、口袋公园或纵向流线公共空间）。但是，无论怎样“因地制宜”地营造轨道站域公共空间，其最终服务的对象是人，所以，“以人为本”的公共空间，归根结底需成为：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?多功能的公共空间：不仅能满足人流通过的需求，还创造购物、休憩、聚会等需求，以丰富城市居民在轨道站域公共空间的活动选择，从而加强TOD项目的吸引力，创造回访性高的城市空间；</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?面向所有人群的公共空间：创造包容性公共空间，以供包括儿童（0-6岁、6-12岁、12岁以上）、青年、老年、残疾人等在内的不同群体相互交流；</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?全天都有活力的公共空间：良好轨道站域公共空间不仅需要在早晚通勤高峰具有活力与吸引力，也需要在全天各时段、全年的不同季节，创造有凝聚力、安全、高度利用的公共空间；</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">?衔接良好的公共空间：TOD站域公共空间不是孤立的个体，而是需要与周边用地与其他分散的（横向与竖向）公共空间有机衔接起来，形成规模效应。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKLFudoBL8u6swnnumoutLZydvlOebfXXPicNPup7aUAnYFcx1QjS1LEw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图五、“以人为本”轨道站域公共空间设计原则</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">此外，创造良好、具有活力的公共空间，不仅由规划设计方案决定，更受融资-招商-运营维护以及社区参与和公众教育等一系列过程影响。例如，借助招商策略与社区活动、临时演出等，可创造出多元、全天都有活力的公共空间；而公共空间的日常运营与维护，则与融资、产权、社区参与以及政府监管息息相关。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSK19YxwD469ejM0agUNPVrRNicj18DAqt10cicaPjhvN0THicA4bwA6bbHw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图六、具有活力的公共空间的影响因素</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">随着中国城市发展逐渐强调TOD，人们注意到，城市站域公共空间不仅可有效提升城市中心的吸引力，也能实现土地资源高效利用。本系列（共六篇）将选取国内外典型轨道站域公共空间营造的案例，从规划设计-融资-招商-运营与社区参与-政府监管等不同主题与技术环节（见下表），分别阐述国内外城市如何打造富有活力站域公共空间的过程，以供国内城市参考。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">表一、</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">国内外最佳案例分类</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKDBLK4ufe7xlLtzbVH59JkEVXB56aP1Ia7XO1wyUk2jbiaw2jJsnbKWw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/XtlW0dWw9mibDlqkQ0f6Gtf4Q1OTLBAKRtFSefNqbibRKGib33c3HJsAndqicF50Ju8KibUOicVibfMVgWz20U9hfOgqg.gif" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/oib8HKGcS1BytzVvS9Dwq486ibVJfUWchP8w754KXyPIiciajT6vCzwqstBlj8bjtZ8AhdAZunxjYQJW5oQibNxibIlw.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); margin-left: 0.8em; margin-right: 0.8em; padding: 5px; transform: skew(30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(30deg); -moz-transform: skew(30deg); -o-transform: skew(30deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style=" transform: skew(-30deg); -webkit-transform: skew(-30deg); -moz-transform: skew(-30deg); -o-transform: skew(-30deg); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 17.6px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">薛露露，世界资源研究所城市交通研究员，负责为中国城市可持续交通发展提供政策和研究支持。在加入世界资源研究所之前，她曾在美国、墨西哥、智利进行以公交引导城市发展的研究分析，土地利用和交通协调发展，城市停车政策研究和交通出行预测建模。 露露拥有北京大学地理信息系统学士和硕士学位，以及麻省理工学院城市规划硕士学位。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">世界资源研究所为全球排名第一的环境智库。在城市规划和交通领域深耕数十年，有着丰富成功的实践经验。其可持续交通发展研究工作依托位于美国、中国、墨西哥、巴西、印度和土耳其等国家的经验积累，以及与各国地方和国家政府、国际非政府组织以及商业机构的紧密战略关系，以成功的试点项目、扎实的政策研究和广泛而有影响力的能力建设等多种形式，全方位推动地方、国家以及全球层面的可持续交通发展。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/NWBZFibjibmkyHO3jw7nuR9hQgjUWvLOg9Nibe4r42a7ps4CJOfvhQLzpQKDt5rQSBBxjpGwbWAAbo87FjrRccnsA.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAWCNOC4qkZyVGGYVyyvMUPZxo5tEMJqbibPpvkTm316TuN4mThwvRmzNw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(243, 115, 178); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买2015上半年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/r62NXz2tObwSeteGS7lo5ufs8yVbONtKsAicAue3ibUpGOmol70AuMvk6S2aPLTiaqJkIs8oh86tciajQS8qMSOXUQ.gif" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224); border-radius: 50%; margin: auto; padding-top: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: -1.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin: -0.5em auto; border: 0.1em solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.45098); border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);"></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-width: 0.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0.3em auto; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; margin: auto auto -1em; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 0.5em; padding: 1em; margin-top: -1.5em; border: 0.1em solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: auto !important; width: 100%;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tiaic7oko8WR8fN8IFQQiahfBnLXM6XN8LGpbXnYcZjETnibztl3aVX1HbdltG41XUsiaSkRkNP7g7Zicn5A.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tiaic7oko8WR8fN8IFQQiahfBnL2EnLfKg8iakKyFticUm2MH9VyvUznbicMtVic2PaUqt5Ky5Y0TsW7Iw7pQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体，秉承理想，帮助中国可持续发展。并为之贡献：理念与传播、培训与教育、实践与孵化。欢迎您加入我们一起并肩前行！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2016 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“一览众山小-可持续城市与交通”</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tiaic7oko8WR8fN8IFQQiahfBnLXf26GCWgalNaFibM50bFjLGMw7eNKJDVcxBgROtBv6rCPWWZFjgBgyQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; 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