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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAWiaErY610tP5JSFUAjsk95Q7I8ZJzcYQ3P1aG640Y2rCPHicgoCZcuqww/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  导读/ 徐颖（香港中文大学）</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  编辑/ 众山小  排版/ 徐颖 </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  “一览众山小-可持续城市与交通”特别奉献</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKxPRxIxJpiaNOicSYoELK16GMhOGdKpLWKWnC4SnGFXsTvt7jOhNy9GVQ.jpg" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">上周我号第一时间推出对<span style="color: rgb(61, 170, 214); text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105173&idx=1&sn=f2ecdba35062d09488c95c1ff0d26110&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=2650105173&idx=1&sn=f2ecdba35062d09488c95c1ff0d26110&scene=21#wechat_redirect">《科学》杂志城市化专刊“城市星球 – 城市是人类的未来”的专业解读</a></strong></span>之后，获得了广泛的好评。引起了行业内的热议，今天我们继续这个话题继续推出该导读的下篇，内容涵盖更为广泛，即包括城市整体的绿色发展战略、可再生能源的综述、城市水危机的应对策略，也涉及城市交通对清洁空气的贡献、城市生态系统的构造、城市如何适应新型都市生活、以及智慧城市等热门议题。其中第九篇从清洁空气角度探讨城市交通所发挥的作用文章里，比较了伦敦和北京两座城市之间的不同做法。客观地评价了北京对小汽车的严格管控对清洁空气计划的巨大贡献，也探讨了城市交通的未来，值得我们仔细研读。可以说相比上篇，下篇文章更全面更综合！而未来的城市到底将走向何方？看完上下两篇的城市星球专刊解读共14篇文章之后，希望能开启你的探索之旅。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/ribAUMyJfcKBCWh5HUJ2F3qDus206ia2onChlOts3t6AaFjWP5B2iaS7TD7t6FZeqmh1U3OhHpic7W9S276WMszJuA.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.8em; animation: ent_pullUpIn 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市是人类的未来</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; animation: ent_pullDownIn 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; color: rgb(10, 9, 9); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">快速城市化正在加快盘剥我们所在的星球，但转换思路和转变发展模式，我们大可不必如此。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAW3CYicDibFwV1iaql4AuF7HhQgobZZ4RfOdMdzDWu7ubaQSKLiaeRuKiciaiag.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2016年5月20日  科学杂志 第352卷 第6288期<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">专刊编辑 Nicholas S. Wigginton, Julia Fahrenkamp Uppenbrink,</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">Brad Wible, 以及 David Malakoff</span></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 22.4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第六篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《温哥华的绿色之梦》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Kenneth R. Weiss</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读:</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>尽管城市被认为是环境问题的罪魁祸首，但很多专家认为“解铃还需系铃人”；如果配有适当的政策和基础设施，城市的人均能耗能源低于乡村和城市郊区。本文就介绍了加拿大温哥华为了这个目标，很早就采取一项“可持续高密度”（ecodensity）的策略，试图通过更高效的能源使用方式降低人均能耗。该行动计划中提出了很多具体、明确的目标，与点点滴滴的市井生活息息相关，例如绿色建筑、垃圾填埋、废水热回收以及可持续交通体系的建设。而很重要的一点是温哥华在此期间的经济发展水平也得到了十足的进步，这证明了城市绿色行动会使其在城市经济新模式上更具竞争力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKeWF1yvutY9QSlkzPSp7D6sPibLPdc1GcicLnGKw1vnibxibWaicgnHE8beg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、图中红色部分显示温哥华市中心的一座大楼的热量散逸状况（上图是由可见光照片与假彩色热辐射图像合成）。不断向外辐射热量，造成大量能源浪费的大楼已经成为温哥华在节能减排道路上的最大挑战。(图片来源：左图 ? BEN NELMS; 右图 ? INO)</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">温哥华希望能大幅度减小环境足迹，但各式各样的难题亟待解决。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“（这些玻璃幕墙、混凝土结构）的热密性并不好，他们就像散热片一样！”温哥华的一位可持续咨询专家Hood先生对着这张合成图像感叹道。一定程度上，因为这些不断向外辐射热量、密闭性差的的窗户和墙壁，让温哥华这座“玻璃之城”的建筑消耗了约2/3的能源。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前，这座城市的领导者承诺在2020年前，将既有建筑的能源使用量及温室气体排放量减少20%，并要求2030年以后的新建建筑达到零排放的标准，而这只是温哥华正长期实施的可持续能源及减废目标的一部分。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽管城市被认为是环境问题的罪魁祸首，但很多专家认为“解铃还需系铃人”；如果配有适当的政策和基础设施，城市的人均能耗能源低于乡村和城市郊区。</strong>和世界上很多大都市一样，加拿大温哥华市正努力成为全球最“绿色”的城市。在2011年，温哥华开始推进绿色城市行动计划，让其一跃成为城市“绿色化”潮流的先锋城市。主要的策略包括：合理利用废水、食物残渣供电供热，号召市民节约用水，减少汽车出行，尽量多使用自行车或搭乘公共交通。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿色发展的血液早早地注入在温哥华这座城市。市中心拥有60万人口，但在整个都市绵延区总共生活着230万人，市政厅很早就采取一项“可持续高密度”（ecodensity）的策略，试图吸引居民流入市中心，通过更高效的能源使用方式以降低人均能耗。英属哥伦比亚省几条河流上源源不断的水电已经使得温哥华的碳足迹位居北美大城市的末位。新任市长Gregor Robertson认为城市还可以做更多，行动计划中提出了很多具体、明确的目标，虽然称不上宏大，但却与点点滴滴的市井生活息息相关。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在垃圾填埋过程中，现有技术手段仅能捕捉到40%的由垃圾分解产生的甲烷（一种威力强大的温室气体），为改善此状况，温哥华正大力推行生活垃圾分类回收处理，志愿大使进入每一个城市社区指导居民将有机垃圾分离放置，另一方面提高垃圾收集的频次，并制定相应的城市管理条例约束居民。据城市废物管理数据显示，垃圾总量减少40%，堆肥量增加60%，效果显著。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKvY1MfBOWQLvzSGtPvZRRIE5M1J8d2yr3GLZvaz3ds4jcXFX2sf7bcQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、为了减少垃圾填埋后产生的甲烷排放，温哥华正努力将有机垃圾分离出来做堆肥处理，合成土壤改良剂供农民及园丁使用。（图片来源： BEN NELMS）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">越来越流行的共享出行习惯正在改变这座城市，温哥华大量投资建设自行车道、公共交通设施。短时汽车租赁公司的快速增长让城市受益匪浅，已经使其成为北美“共享汽车之都”。市政府估算数据显示，平均每增加1辆共享汽车就将减少11辆私人汽车的使用，目前已达成减少20%人均驾驶里程数的目标。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">温哥华也是北美第一个对废水进行热回收的城市，目前已收到7%的减排效果（远期2050年目标80%）。但是新电厂的建设并不能影响那些热密性较差建筑的能耗状况，其中一部分老建筑将逐步拆除重建，新建建筑严格执行2030零排放标准。市议会还通过了一项对自发改造建筑、提高热能效的资助计划，给政府预算带来了极大挑战。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">而这只是温哥华实现“绿色城市”美好愿景道路上的其中一个难题。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何协调城市策略与国家政策、国际协定将给未来的节能减排道路带来不小的挑战。</strong>国家及省层面上的能源利用、资源开发政策，如新建石油管道、设置滥砍滥伐处罚上限等，往往不利于本地碳足迹减少。另一前车之鉴便是刚刚在巴黎气候大会上，因为城市电动公交的成功推广获得“C40交通领袖奖”的南京市。英国东英吉利大学的一位气候变化经济学家Dabo Guan指出情况可能更糟，因为整体来看中国70%的电仍是火电。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外，英属哥伦比亚理工学院的可持续城市专家Jennie Moore指出，决定城市生态足迹的关键往往不在决策者、规划者手中，城市政府只能影响其中的40%，而生活在其中的每一位市民选择何种生活方式、出行方式甚至是饮食习惯都将影响那另外的60%！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“温哥华已经摘下了这棵树上高度比较低的果实，随着城市越来越‘绿色’，更高的果子会更难被摘到。”，Robertson市长如是说，“温哥华仍然是全加拿大发展最快的城市经济体，人们愿意来到这里，投身低碳产业中来，享受绿色都市生活”。在全球绿色经济快速发展的当下，城市的绿色行动会使其在城市经济新模式上更具竞争力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 21px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第七篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《基于城市可持续的城市综合可再生能源研究<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Daniel M. Kammen and Deborah A. Sunter</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">为迎接未来增加的25亿人口，建设低碳、韧性、宜居的城市变得尤为关键。 城市不仅因为大量人类活动产生的温室气体影响着全球气候变化，同时也对气候变化、极端天气事件特别敏感。此篇文章综述了减少能量消费、建立可持续的能源系统的新路径，特别是建筑、交通领域，挖掘了更加坚韧、分布式的、可再生能源资源。通过能源强度方面的技术进步，城市一体化再生能源系统能更好地适应发展中城市的巨大能源需求。许多经济、技术、行为以及政治层面的挑战必须通过技术创新才能克服，进而改善城市可持续性。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合可再生能源</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">全球75%的电能都在城市中消耗，所以研究城市的能源消耗对于城市可持续发展的环境、经济和社会都有重要意义。这种分布式能源系统有四大特征：1）低排放甚至零排放；2）避免了高资本投入的线网升级工程；3）将本地能源独立与网络安全分离；4）促进社会资本流动与聚集。其中常见的可再生能源种类有：太阳能、地热能、风能、生物质能、城市垃圾发电。<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（原文中对不同种类能源分别进行了分析）</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKDN6jrf944ibvb5x4eDibqhRYiaico2LwqVnjRProVqeyhKicnNQ9B5ibBwUw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、城市综合可再生能源潜力，A图显示可持续资源满足城市能源消耗的潜力，B图显示城市交通的能源需求</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKt6ohP3BHtdRAua3jMLvAZnS9ZmIx0qwGubLPy9GlFr93QFMfBgnUbQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、城市垃圾发电量估算情况（现状与2025年预测）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">降低能耗的机会在何处？</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">降低能源消耗的两大重要领域是建筑和交通。为了将全球温度变化控制在2度范围内（相对于工业化前水准），要按照高能源效率标准对既有建筑进行更新和新建建筑，大约需要投入3000亿美元/年（2015-2020年），这是最大的一笔投入。第二大的投入将出现在交通领域，约需投入700亿美元/年。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市低碳化面临的挑战</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">经济成本质疑：</span>许多人认为城市低碳化转型将耗费巨大，恐怕无法负担，但对全球十个大城市估算的结果显示，用于应对气候变化的投资仅占城市GDP的0.33%，而这一数字在发展中国家将更低。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">技术挑战：</span>不同城市的气候条件、能源需求、资源禀赋各不相同，因地制宜地使用适当的低碳技术将帮助实现城市低碳转型。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">市民行为的挑战：</span>从关闭闲置的手机充电器、安装屋顶太阳能板、公共交通出行的生活细节出发，每位市民的行为模式、生活方式、对低碳生活的态度转变也同样关键。譬如说，如果每个人都认为他们的时间和舒适度都比他人的更加重要，而选择私人小汽车而不是公共交通方式出行，对于整个大的社区、城区来说便是增加了拥堵、延误和不便。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">城市政策的挑战：</span>城市政府对于低碳能源研发的持续投入与低碳化政策长期坚持十分关键，频繁地变动政策将会极大扼杀新兴行业的创新性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKtx4VST6UPq2bI9KtaWhMGprzJVUtpQ2pvQst1l4gHicKw2bGFEMgliaA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、私人机动车使用情况对比，图中竖轴为私人机动车出行比例，横轴为各城区人口密度。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKRw1EOsUGAZQauJH41iaxtTBPzEYa9huhfibywKNgESgLrPv2ZWEAP0Tg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、湾区的不同城市社区的家庭碳足迹情况（深蓝色表示最低，深红色表示最高）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何应对城市低碳化过程中的挑战？</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在经济、技术、行为、政策方面都存在着一定的阻力，城市可以先从以下三个方面着手实施行动计划：1）通过额外的环境收益，将清洁城市环境的价值货币化，通过转移支付帮助弱势社区提升环境品质；2）标准化碳排放、水消耗审计办法，来推动资源利用效率的提升；3）通过向高污染汽车征费来补贴清洁能源汽车的购买，实行汽车拥堵收费来改善城市空气质量、提升城市核心区步行环境。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 22.4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第八篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《面向全球城市化水危机的新解决方案》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Tove A. Larsen等</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">城市水的可持续议题中最关键的是安全饮用水供应、污水处理和防洪。然而快速老化的设施、人口增长以及快速城市化已经向目前的城市给排水管理策略提出挑战，亚洲、非洲情况尤为严重。本文综述了许多创新的城市给排水管理策略，振奋人心的案例有诸如新式的雨洪管理概念、生活污水的分类处理、制度层面及机构层面的改革。文末总结道，目前最急迫的是需要进行跨学科的科研、政策研究、实践，解决当下的城市水难题。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKnpeLBQbhq1Urxm8AOgDqib3WADKEeqQVROUEovgeR2trajfjo3z6ibaA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、全球城市水循环概括图</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市给排水管理（Urban water management）</strong>最近获得了越来越多的关注。地下的UWM系统依赖于大量的投资，以建设分别输送饮用水、雨水、污水的管道系统。城市的雨水排水系统对城市水文系统的影响最为明显，大量的建成区不透水地面将会带来大量的地表径流，一旦排水不畅城市将面临危险的城市内涝问题。此外，现行的城市给排水系统依赖大量供水、高投资、稳定的城市管理机构、长远的规划视野和高效利用水资源。但随着不断老化的基础设施、持续的城市化、不断恶化的污染排放状况和全球气候变化，经济-社会-环境成本不断上升的UWM系统究竟还是不是解决城市给排水问题的最优路径呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统集中式UWM系统全球推广的局限性</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">污水处理设施的不足、建设资本不足、一次性建设（不能适应快速变化的城市）等等这些因素都限制了传统系统的推广，急需更加经济、高效的城市给排水系统。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKVibiaQFQ2Ztk5NroRGNpfMvD2P6prvVGbicV3RsCHdNscZGwZV72BzziaQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、传统UWM在全球推广中遭遇的挑战，A图显示全球污水系统的普及状况，B图显示全球缺水区分布情况，C图显示全球一定标准的饮用水供给情况。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">新型的综合水资源管理策略（IWRM），例如<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可持续城市给水系统</strong>（SUDS）、<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">低冲击城市设计与发展</strong>（WSUD）和<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿色基础设施</strong>（GI）等概念在20世纪末相继出现，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">它们的主要目标便是最大限度地保持自然水文循环，表现为一种分布式的系统。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKFj6GW4iaBnHPSP469n5wlDZSvic1FeP0RYtF7d0Jr77icAbp9LehKqlCw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、生活污水分类处理会优化污水处理效率</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKPibibUs2rMSZEHGKfEiapwTTkUX1BicwL1Mok9LoMW0XLVb0xBNf4f22tQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、新型家居设施应对传统UWM的危机</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKnBZP0defFfTYdobUqlic8oJJQZqlIkUb2k30nuay8OMoCUUoMfvlaYA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、集中式和分布式污水处理系统示意图，A图为完全集中式，B图为完全分散式，C图为分散处理-中央调控式系统。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前传感器、无线通信技术的巨大进步使得分散处理-中央调控式系统成为可能，而且智能化的中央调控系统能将处理效率最大化。</strong>文中还提到诸如新加坡在水循环系统上的成功案例将进一步刺激新科技、新技术的发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 22.4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第九篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《为清洁空气提出的交通方案》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Frank J. Kelly and Tong Zhu</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">在全球各大城市，道路交通仍然是导致急性、慢性健康疾病的空气污染的重要来源。减少汽车尾气排放—且在保持或增加通勤行为的同时—仍然是城市管理者面临的主要挑战。在伦敦，拥堵收费与覆盖全市的低排放区域已经证明对控制空气中氮氧化物浓度于事无补。在北京，汽车限购、限行也并没能将交通污染排放控制在一定范围。随着城市持续地增长，就连零排放汽车可能也并不是灵丹妙药。通过公共交通系统将通勤者高效地运送到城市不同区域可能是解决交通污染的唯一出路。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKe1CRuibKTFric86mibvfhibabGIAERYBFbDSQnXocEvJUwf5yOyWFrJmKQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、 伦敦塔桥、碎片大厦与市政厅。人口持续增长的伦敦正饱受道路拥堵困扰。MILES （图片来源：ERTMAN/ROBERT HARDING）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">双城记—伦敦</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">万众瞩目地在2002年，伦敦市长发出了一项空气质量整治计划（Cleaning London’s Air），旨在减少城市的PM2.5和氮氧化物污染。2003年，拥堵收费方案（CCS）正式在伦敦核心区实行，虽然实行初期减少了18%的车流量，但从2012年开始，拥堵已经再次回到2002年前的水平。随后，在2008年，伦敦全市范围设为低排放控制区（LEZ），限制高污染车辆进入。尽管氮氧化物浓度、黑碳浓度缓慢降低，伦敦现在仍然未能达到欧洲1993年设置的空气标准。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">双城记—北京</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">与英国长期的工业化时期鲜明对比的是，中国在过去几十年间以不可思议的速度完成了工业化进程，建设了无数的城市道路，上面行驶着数以亿计的机动车。空气污染问题最早在1990s年代北京申报举办奥运会时，开始受到重视。现今，一整套复杂的空气污染管理办法正在北京运作着，2008年奥运会和2014年APEC会议期间，严厉的措施效果显著。限购、限牌这些举措对控制汽车数量有一定效果，但基于北京庞大的汽车基数，进一步最有效的管控只有依赖更先进的发动机技术革新。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKbQvMsJiaUnibA89ZNjZ3j0AvTspxsJOlibNF0WSke7ibt7rqKTCTXrjxEA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十三、北京银河Soho。越来越堵的私人汽车拥有量正加剧着空气污染。（图片来源：HUFTON AND CROW/VIEW/CORBIS）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">未来的路在何方？</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦与北京的经验清楚地显示，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市交通体系必须发生更多的重大转变才能达到预期的空气质量改善和宜人的环境</strong>。欧洲的许多城市中，人们对拥有汽车的态度已经大为改变，许多城市青年更愿意搭乘的士或者拼车出行，骑行或步行也成为都市人追求健康生活的重要选择。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">汽车行业也同样认识到了转型的必要性。</strong>诸如宝马、福特公司已经开始实践共享汽车出行计划。共享出行的益处已经被广泛传播，ZipCar公司预测每辆共享汽车将会替代高达20辆私人汽车，从而减少汽车行驶里程及停车用地需求。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的体量和人口不断增大，甚至说零排放汽车都不能保证环境质量，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">高效的公共交通体系是满足未来城市通勤需求的保证。</strong>不断增加的巴士和地铁网络将会给人们提供更多便宜、便捷、低污染的出行选择。但与此同时，解决公共交通最前/最后一公里问题也迫在眉睫，这将确保公共交通策略的高效性，诸如公共自行车、轻型电动车租赁系统等。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">未来城市之中，公共交通系统将使更多的无车街道出现，改变城市街道景观并极大地改善都市生活体验。而这些美好的城市图景，只有通过持续的研究、技术应用与实践，以及大众对城市公共交通的观念转变才能最终实现。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 22.4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第十篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市的生态未来》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Mark J. McDonnell and Ian MacGregor-Fors</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献5，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">早期的城市生态学研究普遍就是对城市林地、湿地生物量与分布的研究，着重描述城市小尺度的生态要素、模式。但是最新的城市生态学研究，正越来越多地关注城市生态系统中的可持续性、环境质量、人类福祉等议题。城市生态学能不仅提供许多生态、社会数据，还能提出一套打造活力城市的准则、概念和工具。而今后的工作重点是如何将城市生态准则融入城市的设计、建设、管理中来，如何让城市生态过程中所有相关持份者都积极参与进来。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSK6FMG9jjbJY1Cmb8KZE9dHP6zg7uuoT5jia2EORrmaGQXvFQhia5ZRJsA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</strong></em><em style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">十四、澳大利亚墨尔本市中央商务区与国王花园。像国际其他城市，墨尔本正实施城市生态行动计划以提升区域人居品质。（图片来源：ANDREW BERTULEIT PHOTOGRAPHY/CORBIS; IMAGE 42-72639141）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个不断进阶演变的学科</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市系统正以不同角度和方法被学者们研究，早期的城市生态研究普遍就是对城市林地、湿地生物量与分布的研究，一些研究着重描述城市小尺度生态要素、模式。后来也增加了对城市社会要素、城市及区域生态系统尺度的研究，如Hope等学者在美国菲尼克斯发现植物多样性与社会财富在分布上的正相关关系。最近的城市生态学研究正越来越多地关注城市生态系统中的可持续性、环境质量、人类福祉等议题。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">从生态角度理解城市</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">长期以来，城市生态一直被认为除了解决环境问题没有更多的研究价值，因为相对农村地区，城市地区的自然生态要素、生态过程受到人类极大地干扰。但在城市面临越来越严重的环境问题时，生态学家开始扩展他们传统的知识库，因为城市系统有着高度复杂与不均衡的特点。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对基本生态原则的深化理解有助于我们建设更加宜居、健康与韧性的城市环境。事实上，城市就像是个大实验室，我们有各种各样的契机能审视不同的社会及生态问题。例如：夜间灯光污染对人类及其他生物的生物钟影响，城市绿色空间在提供生态系统服务过程中的重要角色，城市人对自然的认识、态度及价值观等等。<span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在规划与设计领域，小至植被覆盖、分布状况对城市的影响评估也都需要生态学家积极参与其中。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态学在行动</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态学研究往往都带有着强烈的应用属性，强调识别并应用“减缓”与“适应”策略来减少人类活动的负面影响。在澳大利亚墨尔本，城市生态学者已经开始着手制定行动计划，旨在提高城市的健康度、宜居度、韧性和可持续性，一项宏大的城市森林计划正在展开。英国伦敦、美国芝加哥、波特兰、新加坡、南非德班等城市都在实行类似城市发展策略。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家的城市生态学者、本地社区以及政府也正在积极地开展合作。在瓦尔迪维亚（智利南部），研究人员正进行详细的调研，他们对环境与社会的丰富知识激励了当地政府及相关社区，共同为该地区湿地保护及未来可持续使用的土地规划管理出谋划策。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">宜居城市的未来</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态学在过去三十年中已经发生了巨大转变，不仅仅是因为人们认识到生物多样性、生态系统过程的重要，而更是因为早期的描述性研究逐渐能转变为实际指导城市发展的工具箱。在城市居民对绿色可持续城市环境呼声日高的当下，如何将城市生态准则融入城市的设计、建设、管理中来，如何让城市生态过程中所有相关持份者都积极参与进来，已经成为现代宜居“部落”的重要议题。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 22.4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第十一篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 15.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《都市里的“田园”生活 》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Terry Hartig and Peter H. Kahn Jr. </span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献6，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本文强调了城市区域的自然特征、环境及过程能够帮助人们减缓城市生活带来的精神压力。行道树、绿色屋顶、社区苗圃、公园、开敞空间以及四通八达的步行道、自行车道等等这些构件都能以各种方式影响着公共健康。这些城市设计还能够产生良好的生态效益，直接和间接地影响着人们对待自然环境与环境保护的态度。所以清楚地认识到亲近大自然的体验所能带来精神层面上的益处，将更加有助于未来城市中建筑、城市基础设施、公共空间、自然融为一体。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSK9IF3f9ibwbnNMPloUtedu90P9KiaBL4zlySicEFuhVoq1K4tuVMftcYWA.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十五、在减缓气候变化、保护生物多样性之外，城市回归自然将给人们带来更多机会来亲近大自然，图中的老人正于社区苗圃中精心照料植物。（图片来源：BOHEMIAN NOMAD PICTUREMAKERS/CORBIS）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">拥挤的人潮、都市的喧嚣这些现代城市特征增添了人们患上焦虑症、抑郁症等心理疾病的风险。但在城市地区，诸如公园、绿色空间、行道树和苗圃等等这些都能提供锻炼、社交、减压的空间。那么究竟自然要素究竟是如何弥补紧张的城市人居环境所带来的负面效应的呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市心理学的经典研究中，Stanley Milgram提出，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“一方面城市提供了无可比拟的多样性、故事性以及大量的面对面交流沟通的机遇，吸引着人们涌入城市；另一方面城市环境也实实在在地‘过载’了，进而引发了许多副作用”</strong>。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">心理疾病的城乡差异</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">虽然大量心理学研究表明，城市生活环境会降低心理健康水平，而乡村环境则有利于心理健康。Peen等在1985年的研究显示，城市地区的居民患心理疾病概率比乡村地区偏高28%。Judd等发现诸如居住密度、房屋质量、空气质量、交通选择、医疗服务、公园及绿色空间等因素分别或共同对都市人的心理产生影响。或许会有人因此就视城市化为虎狼。但事实上，在很多国家，乡村地区的人们同样也饱受暴力、孤独、社会网络消失等威胁，<span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市化本身并不是导致心理疾病的根本原因。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">自然体验的心理效应</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">实验及实地调研不断地显示在自然环境里消磨片刻时光，抑或是领略到美丽的自然风光能迅速帮助人们舒缓心境、帮助集中注意力、缓解因城市街道或都市生活带来的精神压力。最近一项在波士顿进行的研究，连续5年对1064位参与者进行追踪调研，观察到精神健康水平与城区绿化程度之间的正相关关系。这也充分证明了，城市环境不仅仅要有充满喧嚣、污染和汽车的街道、鳞次栉比的高楼，还要有其他要素来支撑人类生存（<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">譬如自然要素</em>）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKyib5QQoH1D8zbic5tQBJHcjeAkhqo3hbCogNibgG2mFbaJDdGyNfFJP0g.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十六、都市人通过各种方式接近自然，不仅有益于身心健康与幸福感，还能转变他们对周遭环境及环境保护的态度。（图片来源：MONALYN GRACIA/CORBIS）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计、人与自然</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;">公园和绿色空间对都市人群健康的重要性已经很早就被认识到，这也是纽约建设中央公园、蒙特利尔打造皇家山公园的重要原因。学者、设计师、市民团体正在合力构建可持续的城市，诸如绿色城市化、绿色基础设施、仿生设计、再自然化等概念和理论层出不穷。它们都旨在为都市人提供更多亲近自然的体验，并扭转人们对自然的态度。事实上，在不断扩张、加密的城市，人们在日常生活中与自然世界的联系已经越来越少。<span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;">“环境代际间遗忘”指的就是在孩童时代对自然世界的感知与概念变得模糊</span>，后果便是人们不会感觉到环境问题的严重性与紧迫性，因为环境阈值已经改变。所以，给都市人提供更多地自然体验机会是极其重要的，包括建设保护更大的绿色空间、重塑自然河流、拓展自然水体景观、构建更通达的步行道与自行车道等。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">试想一下如果塞满汽车的空间让位给自然，让孩子们能自由自在地玩耍，城市会发生什么样的转变呢？<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">或许，在繁忙的都市中，我们也能学古人“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px 0.2em; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 22px;">第十二篇</span></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">《智慧、可持续、健康城市发展基本原则》</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">原文：Anu Ramaswami等</span><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献7，请联系我们索取）</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小导读：</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">目前许多国家的政策导向是大力发展智慧城市，将数据科学的创新与提升人类福祉与促进城市星球的可持续发展紧密关联。想要达到这一目标，智慧的内涵必须超越城市层面数据，深化对城市的认识（城市是一个跨越地区边界、多领域、跨越地域尺度的社会-生态-基础设施系统，并且涉及主体多元、认知角度多样）。此文提出了城市的五大关键方面和八条原则，旨在系统地将城市引导至更加智慧、可持续和健康的未来。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(10, 9, 9); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市基础设施的寿命大约是30-50年，城市化浪潮中的大量新建设施需求提供了一个城市转型的历史契机。那么如何有效地利用数据科学技术的潜力？<span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者认为更深刻地理解城市基础设施系统将对数据--信息--知识—人类福祉提升的行动方案这一应用模式至关重要。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的五大关键方面</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑及公共空间、食品供应、交通、给排水、能源</strong>等五大方面几乎描绘了整个城市图景，从经济机会、城市形态、社会-设施不均衡分布、市民幸福感到跨区域的设施-自然系统、超越行政层级与范围的政府管治，我们必须从这些关键点入手，因此提出了以下八条基本原则。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSK9CMpN849liaQUVzeBvUI8XOoLnK0XuOUibnx5IgvrXL6j1PI4icRyyq7w.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十七、关键基础设施的影响 （左：人类活动引起的GHG排放、取用水量；右：基础设施系统直接或间接导致的死亡人数）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市转型的八条基本原则</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1） 重视为所有市民提供基础设施及服务。许多智慧城市的讨论重点都放在如何利用高科技，却忽视了一些城市基本的要素。在亚洲非洲许多城市，30-40%的城市人口仍生活在贫民窟中，一个健康的城市必须优先考虑为全体市民提供一定标准的基础服务。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2） 注重跨部门、跨区域尺度的城市健康状况改善，并关注不平等现象。例如从不同尺度考虑基础设施系统、环境、社会文化，例如区域天气、空气污染预告能帮助弱势群体规避健康风险，社区层面上的健康干预行动，更容易地获取有机食品和接近绿色空间。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3） 关注城市物理形态及不同部门间节能的协作策略。城市整体的节能表现不可能仅仅从单一部门的努力上获得，而是一种不同部门努力高度集合，其中包括工业企业、发电厂、各类建筑、交通、供水、垃圾处理、可再生能源生产等等。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">4） 认识到在不同类型的城市中，需要应用多样的资源集约策略。仅仅从技术角度出发的智慧城市会提出所谓的技术可移植性，但或许我们更加的因地制宜。例如在美国、欧洲建筑中适用的高度密封设计、全机械自动化、全天候中央空调系统，在建设、装修仍未标准化的中国民居可能并不适用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKVjT8xQWic3sJ3cA9YCf9r0viarg3NicOUsAaWxwf8tusuYGRePQULBQTw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十八、人类活动与城市的七大基础设施体系之间的交互关系，以及城市自然生态系统突破城市边界、跨越区域尺度的基础设施（包括绿色、灰色）连接状态，主要的持份者和收益（健康与可持续性）同样涉及各种地域尺度（层级）。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">5） 整合高科技与本土工艺。不同城市必须找到平衡本土状况与系统化思路的最优发展策略，印度城市中拾荒人员的专业化与固定化便是在高效率与本地情形之间妥协的极佳案例。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">6） 建设跨边界的设施系统，将本地系统接入更大的网络中去。一些小范围自发性的可持续转变，例如自家屋顶上的绿屋顶、社区太阳能面板设备、社区农场等，如果能串联至更大网络，效率及收益都将增加。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">7） 认识基础设施系统与相应的制度体系的同等重要性。制度在规范具体的技术细节，同样地，技术的改良也在影响着制度的变迁。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">8） 完善跨地域、跨层级的基础设施管治体系。更紧密的区域间协作、不同团体（公共部门、私人部门、社区）的合作、更透明开放的城市管治将会让城市变得更高效。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAW3CYicDibFwV1iaql4AuF7HhQgobZZ4RfOdMdzDWu7ubaQSKLiaeRuKiciaiag.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: -60px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/MVPvEL7Qg0HiaRpugFN6WtLwJmj7J1yxiapibhpiad4gjmiawKQhO3rAgomaWsNZKc59P0MeDSEVpFGXrlKzD0ibNp9Q.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: -30px 0% 10px; font-size: 22.4px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 5em; height: 5em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 4px solid rgba(16, 1, 0, 0.780392); border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; animation: ent_flipInHBounce 1.5s ease-in-out 0s 1 normal both paused; color: rgba(16, 1, 0, 0.780392); font-size: 22.4px; padding: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">完</section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(207, 190, 120); border-top-width: 0.8em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(207, 190, 120); border-right-width: 0.8em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.8em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 80% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市星球一览众山小导读汇总 </section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; border-right-width: 0.8em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(100, 180, 191); border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(100, 180, 191); border-left-width: 0.8em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-top-width: 0.8em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/CbyBIotm8zwpicroPIRxJCzLxZm6WbbjkLzafRf09AAZ2Aqb9bHWZDrlCQwem1FCqCxtoxU8VkHm3M30rZnKNJA.png" /><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding: 1.5em 0px 0px 3px; max-width: 70% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(16, 16, 16); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">新闻</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/iaYY9TU2wfuEOkC58IZEj8BQIxNfz8oWZicKeibomSXYb45UC0icV0ic0cHfYh5viaNbWJIELzDUqQ9zQ4nP37Bn0uhg.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市增长 上篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市精神之根源  上篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">鼠疫  上篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国对城市的再思考 上篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">温哥华的绿色之梦  下篇</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/8kQcZetEmu1RKgroA3C7HE8Sy34SqTyeFflJm50yrS6DlX1c0ziaGuPvYMEdY1bskquomsZSBWEKqerIkwvv8FA.jpg" /> <section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/CbyBIotm8zwpicroPIRxJCzLxZm6WbbjkLzafRf09AAZ2Aqb9bHWZDrlCQwem1FCqCxtoxU8VkHm3M30rZnKNJA.png" /><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding: 1.5em 0px 0px 3px; max-width: 70% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(16, 16, 16); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">综述</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/iaYY9TU2wfuEOkC58IZEj8BQIxNfz8oWZicKeibomSXYb45UC0icV0ic0cHfYh5viaNbWJIELzDUqQ9zQ4nP37Bn0uhg.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于城市可持续的城市综合可再生能源研究    下篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">面向全球城市化水危机的新解决方案   下篇</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/8kQcZetEmu1RKgroA3C7HE8Sy34SqTyeFflJm50yrS6DlX1c0ziaGuPvYMEdY1bskquomsZSBWEKqerIkwvv8FA.jpg" /> <section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/CbyBIotm8zwpicroPIRxJCzLxZm6WbbjkLzafRf09AAZ2Aqb9bHWZDrlCQwem1FCqCxtoxU8VkHm3M30rZnKNJA.png" /><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding: 1.5em 0px 0px 3px; max-width: 70% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(16, 16, 16); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">观点</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/iaYY9TU2wfuEOkC58IZEj8BQIxNfz8oWZicKeibomSXYb45UC0icV0ic0cHfYh5viaNbWJIELzDUqQ9zQ4nP37Bn0uhg.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">为清洁空气提出的交通方案  下篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的生态未来  下篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">智慧、可持续及健康城市发展基本原则  下篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市化与食物系统之间的隐形关联   上篇</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设功能强大的城市    上篇</em></section></section></section></section></section><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/8kQcZetEmu1RKgroA3C7HE8Sy34SqTyeFflJm50yrS6DlX1c0ziaGuPvYMEdY1bskquomsZSBWEKqerIkwvv8FA.jpg" /> <section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 129, 36); float: left; margin-top: 1.55em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 3em; height: 3em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -1.6em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/fdUdAMMVcMMTbwW0xiaPJ5gIwALnqeHplFica4O9icnEWbkwq5v4nyRMr6nXvlWwIs60htR0bVPCl0n842ANiaBrXw/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-color: white; background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/fdUdAMMVcMMTbwW0xiaPJ5gIwALnqeHplFica4O9icnEWbkwq5v4nyRMr6nXvlWwIs60htR0bVPCl0n842ANiaBrXw.png" /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《温哥华的绿色之梦》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKAobjxWHpKlry90S8dGib31Q2tN7GdGTRC0wabB57HusGHLIotOZIbNg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、《基于城市可持续的城市综合可再生能源研究》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKVSL02Vjibb0DDibRp8LRIc38bibbv2HWgWB8SVwTF8qHPdiahxSIjQ1Ksg.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、《面向全球城市化水危机的新解决方案》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKHYOWu2LgWgarGk2krbbon5RHsqdE3Ilst0nP4cicN5qIYTV4agiaJEHQ.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4、《为清洁空气提出的交通方案》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKammsmn9iaBRJxibfEYMAcm6uC3kQUEzjKAEVfYJVnSBNTRbl72hTJDiaw.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5、《城市的生态未来》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKa0O7Rx4hptWtd9Yq7iaV6Peqdv0Dye0aWBpEFNtbNfKYib3AOmLRTAjA.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6、《都市里的“田园”生活 》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKAsRGDGp7hmMIh12ksUIxbCBybWGSNiaLibHdICZ7GsrzPQsrtkwZgv1g.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7、《智慧、可持续及健康城市发展基本原则》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSK7xyBtZ7FAHuYib5g5MIYNuzttEroE1XxKJO6hXhgG8Sf6PQr6VHFzug.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia8VpuNqARBbQP51uSDOfjSKfKGNSJnJNTlrxbhHxxMN3ZGQZakRX96xAqs2icaTqF0Kx3CjicBEZAPQ.png" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(166, 91, 203); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请联系我们微信号@SustainableCity</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮daizongliu@qq.com 索取</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tia9VqBMOKZN2mVtyNIEjlqAWCNOC4qkZyVGGYVyyvMUPZxo5tEMJqbibPpvkTm316TuN4mThwvRmzNw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 12%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/gOnhIicC1MDqicY4QQticeS8vGhUUKCFlX7tRMGorG1eeRy9PJwg0lC1Sr5FGVrllb3pEDu9jryJcYEu84taAnfug.gif" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(243, 115, 178); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买2015上半年刊，请点击“阅读原文”</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224); border-radius: 50%; margin: auto; padding-top: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: -1.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin: -0.5em auto; border: 0.1em solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.45098); border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);"></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-width: 0.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); 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"><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160601/mee9Bdh9Tiaic7oko8WR8fN8IFQQiahfBnL2EnLfKg8iakKyFticUm2MH9VyvUznbicMtVic2PaUqt5Ky5Y0TsW7Iw7pQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; 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