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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9TACYZupTJ7OoMpkZpHaJm4Bf3pibXw06L3cCfiblQaXIZWCicsAINWGIlQrDaqPyVCRiahhjbOlLsfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文/ ROBERT STEUTEVILLE</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 翻译/ 叶涛  <span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ 孙振填   校核/ 众山小 </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 编辑/ 众山小   排版/ 王雅桐</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvDLSFNlLvo3LlaLdbDrz1IKJWgV8uqEGVAv7vLLE91X6OA0udF20H3A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">   </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是两篇批判交通工程师的小文。则一把交通工程师和医生这两种职业进行了分析比较，即他们都会对人的生活质量和生死起到决定性的作用，但是作者认为交通工程师应该像医生学习的是，勇于承认自己传统的技术错误并在实践中用较小危害的做法来尝试代替。则二从分析美国交通死亡人数持续上升入手，研究指出交通工程师在街道设计上“越大越好”的教条理念是罪魁祸首之一，同时从另一侧面也拥护了（最近国内讨论的沸沸扬扬的）“窄路网，小街区”的城市发展模式。（编者注：本文文献、翻译、编辑及校核均为交通工程师。）</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin: 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/EOic34ujsUjFnBnwWe9jC8uqORFECiamW5xxLZgBU6atvw2hnNIbEqTyZ8Y8PZdWNMnwB8kzM3LOIib05QpAAggxA/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img id="ledtxt.com" class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/EOic34ujsUjFnBnwWe9jC8uqORFECiamW5xxLZgBU6atvw2hnNIbEqTyZ8Y8PZdWNMnwB8kzM3LOIib05QpAAggxA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin: 0px auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/EOic34ujsUjFnBnwWe9jC8uqORFECiamW5c14FicuJJIuWwvCobb6LImdnZ4gDGORH1bB20eq5iav8Ar2eZUa7JlNQ/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img id="ledtxt.com" class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/EOic34ujsUjFnBnwWe9jC8uqORFECiamW5c14FicuJJIuWwvCobb6LImdnZ4gDGORH1bB20eq5iav8Ar2eZUa7JlNQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(27, 134, 184);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 21px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通工程师</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以从医生那里学习什么</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">            </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">              原文/ ROBERT STEUTEVILLE    翻译/ 叶涛</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-right: 0.45em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通工程师作为一个群体在认识到自己的技术错误并且用较小危害的实践做法来替换它们（错误的做法）这个方面要慢很多。</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-right: -0.45em; float: right; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvMA8vj3nLNEsLXYO3HGDWvBEgia4o7XPsuP2ibskMCv4IHGlsN3xasCHg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5323741007194245" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、交通工程师可以从医生那里学到什么?</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">专业人员也会犯错误。例如在基于癌细胞如何扩散的错误理论上，医生犯了一个错误长达100年，它叫作根治性乳房切除术。当研究证明了这种手术并不必要时，医生们能在极短时间内用一种（对病人）较少伤害的治疗取代了这个曾经常用的传统做法。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">而一些交通工程技术也有点像根治性手术。但不幸的是交通工程师作为一个群体在认识到自己错误的技术，并且寻求用较小危害的实践做法来替换它们这个方面要迟钝的多。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题的症结是许多交通工程师未能看到街道的多种功能和用途，以及（街道）设计不应该总是最大化满足机动车辆的宗旨（即，忘记那些PCU吧）。</strong>街道是社区的骨架；也形成了邻里。“城市街道是人们步行，购物，相遇，以及通常从事各种各样的社交及娱乐活动的地方，对于许多人来说，是（街道）使得城市生活令人愉快，”佛罗里达大西洋大学副教授Eric Dumbaugh写道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我最近（在一篇文章中）解释了，街道的许多关键用途已经部分或全部从交通工程师设计的城市街道中消除了。当交通工程师把一条街道应该具有哪些功能狭隘化时，街道用于步行，自行车，公交使用，以及公共生活的用途往往都消失了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvGqyrpFZ4gHOxzwKQycrT6H11qZbuJbuvcQKsfvJIxIWcauiaFyj2Qyg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.89568345323741" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、街道设计对其它出行方式（分担率）的影响</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些（方式分担率的）损失可以被认为是试图使街道为了车辆及其乘客的安全行驶（而产生）的副作用。衰落的街道生活，而且，可能会导致继发的副作用 – 商业及财产价值的损失。交通专业人士很少解释对于社区的副作用; 他们往往已经否认存在任何负面影响。关于这种情况如何发生的一个黑色幽默讨论，请参见简短视频“与工程师对话”，由Strong Towns工程师Charles Marohn制作。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">可悲的是，街道手术（或改造）的结果甚至经常不是工程师当初所预期的。多项研究<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>表明，按照现代设计标准，街道变得不太安全了。需要明确的是，交通工程师们并不是唯一的罪魁祸首。地方上的土地使用法规也大大影响街道网络，并促进城市蔓延。还有，街道设计和布局也设置了可能社区的框架。Victor Dover (他经营了一间城市设计公司，专注于改革地方土地使用的法规)报告说，尽管最近有所改善，但是交通官员仍然对健康社区构成障碍，从纽约到夏威夷，从得克萨斯到田纳西-并几乎在每一个他工作过的州（都有这种情况）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">医生和交通工程师其实有很多共同点。他们的决定显著影响生活质量。他们都有生死的后果。（已经有研究表明）街道网络对健康有影响<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>。值得注意的是，医生有一定的优势。相比交通工程师，医生的历史可以追溯到很远。大约两千五百年前，Hippocrates（希波克拉底，古希腊名医）为医学界设置了一个（“不损害”的）道德框架。医生同样受益于病人立即而直接的反馈。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通运输工程师，一个现代化的职业，从20世纪30年代开始在社区的形成方面具有相当大的权力。这是一个广泛交通安全运动的一部分，（此运动）与交通和土地使用改革是一致的。这类改革导致了“城市更新”，蔓延，以及形成了包括支路，干道和限制出入的高速公路的（路网）系统。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">鉴于交通安全涉及到法律，执法，道路的施工和设计，汽车的重新设计和技术进步，以及禁止酒后驾车之类的行动，交通运输工程技术的反馈回路是复杂的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Dumbaugh 描述了<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>街道设计的原则是如何基于推测，而不是科学。就像在医学上的根治术，交通研究者很长一段时间没有寻找证据来证明他们的理论可能是错误的。当数据不符合当时被认为是最佳做法时，结论（往往）被斥为偏差。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，最终矛盾的数据开始堆积起来。同时，在20世纪80年代和90年代时期的新城市规划专家巧妙地解释了现代交通工程的副作用，并提出了新的模式来解决城市街道涉及的所有方面。如果交通工程（过去的）实践能更像医学，那么数据和提出的解决方案的结合将已经导致了大量的自我反省和常见做法的逆转。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wv8KjibcibzG6fa6xBQKNK0Bgf4AbNmvdDmkP4AZP60xfNMWpKDw4zkAbQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4676258992805755" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、旧金山的Octavia林荫大道，一条高通行能力的新城市街道，取代了一条高速公路</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而，这并没有发生。在行业自身的研究显露出现代交通工程的副作用和失效很久之后，老的做法仍在继续，只有细微的修改。在21世纪初引入了“上下文敏感的解决方案（CSS）”。这（即CSS）在理论上给社区居民大大提供了意见和建议的机会 – 尽管居民的建议并不总是被听到或居民没有获得为提供有用的建议而需要的信息。新城市规划领域的交通工程师有时候开玩笑说CSS的意思是“与居民会面，直到他们明白为什么道路需要更宽以及较少的进出口，或者直到他们（居民）停止出现（来表达意见）。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在过去十年的中间开始，完整街道运动从精明增长的宣传中显露出来 – 而不是来自于工程行业本身。其结果是，一些工程师已经认真对待它，但许多其他的工程师只是简单地给宽阔的大道增加自行车道，人行横道，或人行道（在某些情况下），以至于道路继续由机动车辆所主宰。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">试想一下，如果根治术受到严重质疑后，外科医生继续执行它。再试想一些医生提供了一个可供选择的治疗方案 – 同时隐瞒病人的相关信息。想象医学界外的人提供明确的选择方案，然后看到方案被忽略了，并被改变成不那么有效了，或被彻底反对。我想我们都同意，这些反应会是不充分的和不负责任的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通工程界可以学习医学界。（虽然）医学界犯了许多错误，但是已经建立了一套严格的自我分析和校正的系统，一旦研究完成可以相对较快地立即生效。当数据被发现不符合现有的模型时，交通工程师应该积极地质疑模型，刻不容缓地改变思路和路线，并设法比目前更加努力地纠正过去的错误。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">工程师可以从医生那里学习（如何）理解和清楚解释副作用并权衡取舍。在一个适于步行的或规定为适于步行的地方，如果在道路改造或重铺工程项目开始前，交通工程师将报告公之于众，将会怎么样？在报告中，他们可以说，较宽的车道，较少的连接，和取缔路边停车，（仅举三个例子），可能不利于步行，骑自行车，社交活动，财产价值，和在人行道上吃饭（注：国外很多人很享受在人行道上露天用餐，尤其在夏天）。工程师应该可以明确地列出利弊，并承认一些工程界的常规技术已被证明对安全没有任何好处。这样的转变会对街道，交通以及形成成功的城市场所具有深刻而直接的影响。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(27, 134, 184);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 0px -0.5em -1.5em; padding-right: 10px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1.3em; padding-left: 5px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 21px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通死亡人数的上升</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">归咎于工程教条</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">              原文/ ROBERT STEUTEVILLE    翻译/ 叶涛</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvolBCB0fmyVicKiawVmRuSy4eHdfQkFCib2ZAWy6nnxHXPCFaLCIK8WuZQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5971223021582733" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、美国交通死亡人数再次不断上升</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）的报告<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>，死亡人数在2015年上半年跃升了8.1％。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在报告中，NHTSA列举了“醉酒，吸毒，分心，疲劳驾驶（译者注：这些英文单词都以字母“d”开头）; 超速行驶; 和未使用如安全带和儿童座椅等安全装置”（等诱因），但没有提及另一个D (design) – 街道和社区的设计。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">今年（译者注：原作者写于2015年11月）整个国家基本会有35000人死于交通车祸，另外还有约230万人受伤，其中约50万是重伤。没有什么像车祸那样击倒那些处于风华正茂的人们 – 根据疾病控制中心的数据，车祸是导致5岁至34岁的人死亡的首要原因。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个问题在很多州是猖獗的，像佛罗里达州，它在可疑的行人死亡事故类别中名列第一。佛罗里达州的人口几乎与纽约州相同，（但是）却有超过两倍的交通死亡人数（2443对纽约州的1200）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么会有这么大的差别？佛罗里达州91％（的人）在城市，（照理）应该是更安全的 – 乡村地区人们高速长途驾驶是特别危险的。但纽约有很多古老的城市，它们当时建造时并没有得益于现代交通工程的“安全”理念。佛罗里达州是围绕汽车构建的，并且特别具有很宽的行车道 – 这是深受工程师青睐的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划师Jeff Speck在去年详细报道过<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>，宽车道在城市地区是致命的，因为它们怂恿超速。较窄的车道使司机们更加谨慎 – 也挽救生命。较慢的汽车交通有助于步行，骑车，和其他交通方式的蓬勃发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">现代交通工程把交通集中在有较少连接的街道上和较大块的街区。研究人员Garrick和Marshall对此策略在24个加州城市的运作情况进行了彻底的研究<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献5，请联系我们索取</strong></span>）。一半的城市具有较小的地块，它们大多是在 1950 年之前设计的。另一半是现代郊区，具有宽阔的道路和大的地块，以及比那些老城市高出三倍的人均交通死亡事故。较老的城市（与较新的城市出行交通方式比较）显示有三倍的步行，四倍的公交使用，六倍的骑自行车和无限更具魅力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wv2SRWXqryCqUX5evojrGTibmkMlK8GYiaLatnibKwnEdJ5Zm5DXWwa4pDw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.2428057553956835" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、交通死亡事故，按街道格网（Garrick和Marshall，2008）</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果交通工程是医学，工程师们将会自我监督，并相应地调整他们的做法。然而，那相对年轻的行业（即交通工程）并不是医学，（在医学界）医生宣誓（对病人）“不造成任何伤害”。相反交通工程遵循的格言是“越大越好”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当佛罗里达州一些非守旧的工程师基于更安全及提供（更多）交通选择来推动新的标准时，州交通运输局（FDOT）回应是研究“ 车道宽度对巴士安全的影响。”而不是人的安全<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共汽车只有8.5英尺宽。但是它们两边都有镜子，而使得翼展有10.5英尺。佛罗里达州的街道是宽的 – 大多数公交线路，和州际公路一样，有12英尺宽的车道。但也有少数街道是在受到交通工程师影响前建造的，它们的车道宽是9或10英尺。“结果表明，车道宽度越窄，公交车侧边碰撞而导致边镜破碎的可能性越高，”报告如是说道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">该研究在全州范围内为期五年追踪这些小事故。没有一个人类伤害的报道 – 更不用说死亡。但是镜子都必须更换。Miami-Dade公车局，每年约逾五亿美元的预算，报告称每年高达$35,000用于更换巴士的边镜。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为（较窄的车道对巴士）镜子的威胁，报告的作者建议有巴士行驶的任何道路其车道宽设为12英尺，这几乎包括了所有主要道路。这项研究未能建议是否可能重新设计镜子，使它可以折叠并能承受剪切 – 而是建议该州所有道路须符合一个标准，一个每天都在加剧悲剧的标准。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">其实公平地说，FDOT正在进行改革。州运输局并没有接受这项 2010年研究提出的建议，而是正在推进完整街道实施计划。（尽管）大部分地方还没有改变。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“越大越好”的方法，我称之为大沥青，在行业中长期居于主导地位。在美国规划协会的期刊里，佛罗里达大西洋大学土木工程博士及教授Eric Dumbaugh，解释了现代街道设计的一些原则是如何来自于推测，而不是科学，这在当时看来似乎是合理的<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>。其中一个基本信念是给司机更多的空间和消除街道附近的障碍将会使出行更安全。和主流模型不吻合的研究被视为偏差而被忽视。这些偏差像在高峰期间大雾中的小汽车一样堆积起来。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">佛蒙特大学的Chester Harvey在一月提交给美国运输研究委员会（TRB）的一篇文章中分析研究了波士顿，巴尔的摩，和纽约市超过 7,400 英里街景的空间特征<a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=201381688&idx=1&sn=f92212debd1eedb16044c7863674cbf8&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3ODM2NjAxMA==&mid=201381688&idx=1&sn=f92212debd1eedb16044c7863674cbf8&scene=21#wechat_redirect"><strong><span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;">（请参考我号2014年11月28日期文章《定量城市︱用计算机化方式评价街道景观品质》）</span></strong></a>。用计算机模拟确定了街景的宽度，街道宽与建筑高度比，以及树冠覆盖面。设计得像“户外空间”的封闭式街道是古老的和不符合现行标准的，它们更具有视觉吸引力和更安全。“相比于更大，更开放的街景，较小及更封闭的街景上的事故较小可能导致人身伤害和死亡，”研究这样报道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Harvey的研究暗示了交通工程对社区本身的破坏 – 使得社区（在行驶车辆之外）具有较少的视觉吸引力和享受。效法在美国最好的社区和公共空间，新城市规划师一直促进街道作为“户外空间”。他们曾多次与交通运输工程的观点发生碰撞。具有新城市规划家推动的特色的地方正变得越来越受欢迎，但依然很难建立起来 – 暗示一个对街道现行做法的经济成本。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中较早直接对抗传统宽马路的研究之一是由工程师Peter Swift与科罗拉多州Longmont市政府在1997年合作完成的<span style="color: rgb(27, 134, 184); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献6，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>。Swift质疑宽阔的道路是否有助于整体安全。（该研究）对过去八年全市每一个汽车撞击伤害和火灾伤害进行了分析研究。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“对伤害和事故最显著的因果关系被发现是街道的宽度和街道的曲率”，根据该报告。“分析表明，随着街道宽度加宽，每年每英里的事故数呈指数级增加，而最安全的住宅街道宽度为24英尺（从路缘边起始量的）。” 伤害事故的发生随着街道宽度呈指数级增加。狭窄的道路对消防安全没有影响，可能是因为较老的网格街道为到达火灾地点提供了多种选择。在任何情况下，火灾造成的人身伤害相对比较罕见。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）对当前（交通）死亡趋势的反应表明，证据还是继续被忽略。（当然）不是每个地方都这样：在管理街道和公路的各种机构中，美国联邦公路管理局（FHWA）最近承认了更宽的车道对设计时速小于50英里的道路没有安全利益（参考文献8，请联系我们索取）。鉴于在城市环境下较宽的车道降低安全性，这是朝着正确的方向迈出了一小步。交通运输工程师是时候该照照镜子，坦承对人们和社区造成的伤害，并彻底否决对于城市交通要道“越大越好”的理念方式。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="width: 2.8em; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/3hUA8s6XnazrtMJR01dQ9PLHoaQCmY4SfkmbKCt4FNlaYgPgV6y73lPsYAl450FxpRv45uicnZxQpaQS7eNNNKw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.38636363636363635" data-w="44"  /> <section style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); margin-top: -0.2em; box-sizing: border-box; background: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvSD68aRIDArNYg1rTyR4iaA0afjS4NUCArNH4CIc351YynDUDD0euxLg/0?wx_fmt=png") repeat-x;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></section><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.《<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2015年上半年机动化事故致命率-早期评估，与2014年碰撞事故数据关键性发现》</span></strong></section><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wv3iaTib2Pdv7dkq9QagZicy7iat2MANDYVGIbG0EuLLuWGiaUia8c8oZomibjw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.330258302583026" data-w="542"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvP1fghaDfBAqLWNFysbtDibxHG7Gll71doT5kBO3HbOGMGByaRQXaTIQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3180987202925045" data-w="547"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvuv7HUOxaciattMfibcHbW0eQXmoU71q5R98MWH5s3vGytG3EEBbAicRjg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3139745916515426" data-w="551"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.《社区设计、街道网格与健康》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wv8pvjZ4miawSnAn7Hu3ErjPSSOhPq808yAaicEXcehRjGyAbASFcCBia8Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3358348968105065" data-w="533"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wve2M2rQaZLQEN1diaZ6W5B1iciaJfECjvS0C3t27gYK4ZfK6ib3r2ELSgGA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3820662768031189" data-w="513"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">3.《安全街道、活力街道》</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wv7ktIVrnkaYNQQD3YLuovveKuwlTSsw8bFrkVbZ1tZvcme0qBdibYxDA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3345724907063197" data-w="538"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvVI6nDJBnWgiaLOf8wCJAxr4dh5e1KVWL9v9UbjXZfcIv0RtPUH7qDbg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3568702290076335" data-w="524"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img id="ledtxt.com" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9TiaibXbgN91v9UbZibduBkR93wvFq9jk5r00kVyGErcFdhRLZxTOZF3OzfByTRMChxjDiargz1yLWqAP0Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3166666666666667" data-w="540"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.《将公共交通系统与传统邻里设计相结合的政策 – 行车道宽度对公交安全性的影响》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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