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<section style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.134375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohapBhTNnQnCZ35f9RRcPzCoRQbkB8gnhBs7R9fZ6lAbZpPUATDEJKoGmOylo31fMf7IgXfsyAXxMg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="640" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 640px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | 规划三所 李成悦 史雅娟</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">审核 | 规划三所 汤燕良</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑 | 总工程师室  蔡焕仪</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5559284116331096" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rOSUuEf3YJQIjNiccTrJwMvd9NCa6JGX8BDZOvw30Tufsc9pYWsjLW6A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="894" style=""></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">全文共<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7022</strong>字，阅读大约需要<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">18</strong>分钟</span></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">海洋国土是进行海洋资源开发和保护活动的空间载体，海洋空间规划是各部门对海洋空间进行管理的工具和手段，也是海洋生态文明建设的重要要求。长期以来，我国海洋空间规划类型众多，但由于规划编制部门不同、政策要求不同等诸多因素导致海洋规划存在一些问题，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</span>是规划协同性不够</span></strong>，技术标准不统一，内容交叉、空间重叠甚至相互“打架”；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">二是规划权威性不够</span></strong>，存在有规不依、执法不严、质量不高等现状，对海域开发保护的指导约束作用不强；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">三是规划操作性不够</span></strong>，规划审批效率较低，政策性不强，实施和监管缺乏可操作性。因此，推进陆海统筹开发与保护、协调各类海洋空间规划是国土空间规划体系下的重要命题[1-4]。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">本文从国土空间规划体系背景出发，剖析现有海洋空间性规划与实施存在的一系列问题</span></strong>，基于<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">“生态优先”和“统筹发展”</span></strong>的理念，汲取国内外先进经验，从生态、生产、生活角度提出陆海统筹规划思路与路径，探索形成<span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“定边界、定格局、定底线、定功能、定机制”的“五定”规划思路</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">，并以惠州为例，以期探讨国土空间规划体系下的陆海统筹规划路径，实现陆海空间的统筹保护和集约利用，推动海洋空间可持续发展。</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(120, 31, 1);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;font-size: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">现有海洋空间性规划与实施评估</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1 </strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">现有海洋空间规划体系分类及重点</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">我国现有海洋空间规划体系在纵向上可分为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">国家级、省级、市县级</span></strong>，在横向上包括<span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海洋主体功能规划、海洋功能区划及各海洋专项规划等。</strong></span>从表中可以看出，作为海域使用和审批依据的海洋功能区划，在省级与市县级层面对工作深度的要求都达到二级分类，市县级的深化内容主要在具体功能区名称上，这也导致<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">省级海洋功能区划的战略性不足，而市县级规划的针对性、操作性不强。</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">其次，对海岸带范围尚未有统一的标准</span></strong>[5, 6]，如青岛出台《青岛市海岸带规划管理规定(1999修正)》相关政策，明确规定海岸带范围为海域至10海里等距线；陆域未建成区一般至１公里等距线，建成区一般以临海第一条城市主要道路为界；厦门确定海岸带空间范围采用向陆一侧以未来城市发展关键区段的主要道路为界（200米－300米不等），向海一侧为390平方公里的整个厦门海域。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">表1：现行海洋空间规划体系分类及重点</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.6266667" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rjHoYlV1C2J1wUsc8ial7z6D2zyfdavvD8FC0MOf5lJ6Zu1ud4ehoJ4g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="450" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 陆域规划与海洋规划存在空间差异</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">长期以来，《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》等法律规定，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">陆域审批的规划依据是土地利用总体规划，海域审批的规划依据是海洋功能区划，两部规划各自单独编制</span></strong>，导致规划间存在“相互打架”现象。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">首先</span></strong>，对于海岸线的界定上，原国土部门以零米等深线作为海陆分界线，而原海洋部门以海岸线作为海陆分界线，二者存在较大差异。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">其次</span></strong>，土地利用总体规划和海洋功能区划在空间上也存在较大差异，如土地利用总体规划中的允许建设区与海洋功能区规划中的禁建区、土地利用总体规划中的建设用地和海洋生态保护红线存在冲突等，在陆海保护方面，陆域生态保护红线与海域生态保护红线存在无法衔接的问题。<span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三</strong></span>，目前海岸线仍采用2008年批复成果，由于未及时更新，部分区域出现与现状不符情况，往往出现超出海岸线区域已发土地证情况。因此，陆海空间的多头管理,导致规划难以实施，陆海空间难以保护。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.3</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 陆海统筹路径尚不明确</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">推进我国海洋强国建设，要充分发挥陆海统筹的战略引领作用。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">但目前陆海统筹仅从战略层面提出要求，未统一陆海统筹抓手和具体实施路径，各地实践和效果不明显，海洋保护与开发利用矛盾日益加剧。主要体现在以下几个方面[7-14]，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一是海域国土安全与经济发展诉求矛盾日益突出</span></strong>，随着港口、钢铁、石化、造船等大型临港工业不断向海聚集，现有海岸和近岸海域空间已经难以满足新增建设用海的需求。而围填海开发活动的开展，也对海域资源的可持续开发利用构成了严重威胁。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">二是陆海功能布局缺乏统筹，区域发展存在不平衡。</span></strong>海洋功能规划布局往往忽视区域发展特征，海洋产业布局同质化严重，特色不足，集聚效应无法释放，发展水平差距拉大，导致区域发展不平衡不充分。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">三是海岛开发利用缺乏统筹，存在私有化占有现象。</span></strong>长期以来，无居民海岛缺乏有效监管，开发利用方式单一且粗放，如盲目开山采石、采矿、旅游开发等，严重破坏海岛生态。四是岸线保护与海洋生态问题日益凸出，近岸海域环境质量下降，赤潮频发，尤其是滨海湿地空间锐减。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><table><tbody><tr><td width="268" valign="top"><img data-backh="321" data-backw="483" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="483" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="151" data-ratio="0.6636363636363637" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohZO3n2mkVg1OlkVZzfup6QlvwLwHTMj2YgMNar6g4fjJme22LyCERCfAdMibTD67KuEf1Zn9KvUKDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="440" style="font-size: 16px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 440px;"></td><td width="268" valign="top"><img class="rich_pages" data-backh="301" data-backw="444" data-ratio="0.6779279279279279" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohZO3n2mkVg1OlkVZzfup6Ql9plTxHnC0YpLI7LRqBIH12yVS8uxxlc6y2QwNEOzib31o7iaQbxovHTQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="444" style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;width: 546px;"></td></tr><tr><td width="268" valign="top" align="center"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;">图1：</span><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;">城乡建设逼近海岸线     </span></td><td width="268" valign="middle" align="center"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: center;"> 港口、产业空间需求大</span></td></tr></tbody></table></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(120, 31, 1);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;font-size: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">国外陆海管理与规划借鉴</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1</strong></em></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 循序渐进，强化陆海统筹规划理念</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">针对不同的海域分区管理目标，基于海洋空间在不同时间过程和空间特性中海域使用功能的不同，逐步细化落实陆海空间的管理和保护。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">如比利时[7]在应对北海所辖海域较小的问题时，改变单一的开发活动特许区的管理模式，于2003年开始编制《比利时北海海域总体规划》，并根据规划逐步对海砂开采和海上风电场的开发划定了界限，在规划实施的第二阶段，重点对稀缺、脆弱和有规律地迁徙的物种确定特别保护区和动植物特别保护区, 借以维系北海比利时海域的特有自然生境或珍稀物种，目前已形成获得了法律保护地位的11个自然保护区。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 构建体系，系统保护海域空间生态环境</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">在用海功能分区方面，建立系统的方法体系，从用海现状分析、海洋生态价值功能过程、适宜性评价、环境影响分析等方面进行分区的论证，形成了较为成熟的分区技术方法体系。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">如比利时海洋空间规划，在海域分区过程中确立了规范的分区技术方法体系：首先阐明了港口航运、旅游娱乐、渔业养殖等功能区的空间分布、类型与特征、对周边用海环境以及社会经济的影响；其次运用地理信息技术叠加图谱的情景分析法，分析用海活动的地质、化学、生态等各方面的环境影响。最后通过立法划线、划区管制等方式，加强海洋和海岸带生态保护的强制性，实现海洋空间的系统保护。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 集聚布局，注重陆海功能空间的统筹</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">统筹陆海产业发展，整合海洋经济上下游产业链，集聚布局产业空间，实现产业的集群发展和用地的集约利用。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">如新加坡的滨海岸线，自西向东分为工业石化岸段、生活服务岸段、自然生态岸段。西部岸线主要为裕廊工业园，主要承担中转航运、国际炼油中心等产业功能。中部与城市功能结合紧密，大力发展服务业，集聚了中央购物、滨海休闲、高档住宿、游艇、高尔夫等各种休闲服务功能，成为最具吸引力的活力空间。东部自然生态岸线为主，连接机场部分预留绿地作为发展备用地。通过陆海功能的统筹，实现海岸带整体的提升和发展。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5324074" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rY8jNW4dShe2AFXKTibPusDHicKeH5my5esIFZxrN6KHFcwohFmyhoQXA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2：新加坡滨海空间功能示意图</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.4</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 统筹规划，加强海岸带分区管理与分类利用</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">统筹陆域空间与海域空间规划，以海岸带为空间抓手，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">通过划定控制线或者管控分区，实现陆海空间统一管理，通过用途分类，实现陆海空间高效利用。</span></strong>如荷兰通过划定“红线-绿线-平衡区”不同管控分区，实现不同开发强度的建设引导和管控[15]。日本则分别划定对应不同管理部门的管理分区和对应不同开发利用方式和强度的利用分区[16, 17]。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(120, 31, 1);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;font-size: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">规划对策与应对</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">基于我国实行<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">“五级三类”</span></strong>的国土空间规划体系，海洋空间规划<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">主要分为“国家-省-市县”三级</span></strong>，各级海洋空间规划应当明确分工与规划重点。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">国家级</span></strong>侧重战略性，是对全国海洋国土空间作出的全局安排；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">省级</span></strong>侧重协调性，是对全国国土空间规划的落实，指导市县国土空间规划编制；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">市县级</span></strong>侧重实施性，在落实上级国土空间规划要求的基础上，对辖区内海洋国土空间开发保护作出的具体安排。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4083885" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rcibLU3sfIIzXdHQuB12BRACtib7fNicsNH23icHPgG1tap7gibXQZDUhYIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="453" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3：海洋空间规划体系及重点</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 定边界：确定陆海空间分界线</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">为了充分协调原海洋部门和原国土部门在海陆域空间上的差异，强化陆海空间管理，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">陆海统筹的首要任务是确定海陆分界线</span></strong>，依据《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》、《海岸线修测技术规程》的要求，本轮国土空间规划将以全国大陆海岸线修测成果为数据基础，确定海陆分界线。以此海陆分界线为依据，确定向陆一侧以未来城市发展关键区段的主要道路为界，向海一侧为全部所辖海域范围为海岸带，开展陆海统筹规划，通过确定功能分区和用途分类，为国土空间用途管制、使用权发证等管理和审批提供依据，实现陆海保护与功能的协调。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 定格局，协调陆海开发保护“大格局”</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">以海岸带为主要空间载体，统筹协调陆域空间和海域空间，以<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">“双评价”</span></strong>结果为重要依据，在落实省级陆海开发保护格局和市域总体开发保护格局基础上，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">因地制宜地制定陆海统筹发展战略。</span></strong>如在滨海盐碱化地区，不适宜做农业空间，因此，需制定更加倾向于生态保护、产业发展、港口码头建设等空间发展类战略。在陆海统筹发展战略统领下，研究制定陆海统筹开发与保护格局，引导陆海统筹协调发展。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3</strong></span></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 定底线：推动陆海生态空间“大保护”</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">在全面摸清海洋资源禀赋与保护要素空间分布的基础上，统筹陆域与海域保护空间，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，以河流为依托</span></strong>，统筹陆域自然保护区和海域自然保护区，形成“陆域-河网-海域”陆海保护体系，优化海洋自然保护地、海洋生态红线等管控边界；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，以流域为单元</span></strong>，加强滨海生态系统保护，确定海岸线生态修复重点项目，制定修复策略与实施路径，切实推动陆海生态共建和环境共治。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.629705" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rfJHKQ5onibZIwEBuwmtbxaxRkmW6Nq7ia4PM2aK9SAOwAn2dbKws1IUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="983" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4：规划思路框架示意图</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4</strong></span></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 定功能：确保陆海功能空间“大发展”</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 在坚持海岛、岸线合理保护和集约利用基础上，保障城市空间发展需求，预留港口、旅游、科创等功能空间，统筹优化陆海功能布局。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在空间功能统筹上，如陆域为建设用地，相应的海域功能区则主要布局交通运输用海、工业用海等，逐步建立集约节约、高效有序的产业发展区。</span></strong>陆域为限制建设区域，则相应的海域也应注重以生态保护为主，科学合理地布局旅游休闲娱乐用海、渔业用海、保留区用海等，构筑一体化的陆海生态屏障；陆域为禁止建设区，则海域应划定相应的禁止开发区或限制开发区，应严格划定生态红线，严禁相关开发建设的活动。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，在海岸带的综合利用上，基于陆海统筹进行岸线分类，制定不同类型岸线发展指引，优化岸线结构。</span></strong>对于严格保护岸线，则其利用方向建议为特殊岸线、保护岸线、保留岸线等；对于限制开发岸线，其利用方向为交通运输岸线、旅游休闲娱乐岸线等；对于优化利用岸线，其利用方向为渔业岸线、工业岸线等。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.5</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 定机制，制定陆海统筹发展的管控措施</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">建设完善国土空间基础信息平台，以第三次全国国土调查和海岸线修测成果为基础，形成坐标一致、边界吻合、上下贯通的一张底图，作为国土空间规划编制的工作基础。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">依托平台，以一张底图为基础，整合叠加各级各类国土空间规划成果，实现陆海各类空间管控要素精准落地，推进陆海“一张图”整合，将海洋规划纳入国土空间规划评估监测指标体系。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(120, 31, 1);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;font-size: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">04</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">惠州市陆海统筹规划实证研究</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">惠州市位于广东省东南部沿海，拥有大亚湾和红海湾的部分海域，沿海分布有众多海岛、岩礁，港口资源、航道与锚地资源、渔业资源、珊瑚资源、旅游资源等。在陆海统筹方面，现状存在海洋国土空间开发现状与海洋功能区划不协调，海洋功能区与海洋保护区、红树林保护区不协调，临海工业尤其是石化工业的发展与临海土地供应不足等问题。<span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文从惠州市陆海统筹现状问题出发，通过“五定”规划思路，进行生态、空间、管理等方面的实践探索。</strong></span></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6671159" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176r6IrI2dicxZSzCYJ9QYfxwiaVmSfibCbtOvo4L4YnHHnsqd80p7BJz9AsA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="742" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5：临海工业紧邻居住功能区</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.1</strong></span></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 确定陆海分界线，强化陆海空间管理</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">惠州以海岸线勘定修测结果作为陆海空间边界，并通过海岸线管控类别分类和利用方向分类为实现陆海统筹提供抓手。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一是根据岸线自然条件和开发利用程度，将海岸线划分为严格保护岸线、限制开发岸线和优化利用岸线三个管控类别</span></strong>，对开发利用强度提供指引。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">二是从海岸线功能用途和利用方向的角度，将海岸线划分为渔业岸线、工业岸线、交通运输岸线、旅游休闲娱乐岸线、特殊岸线、保护岸线、保留岸线等7类岸线利用类别，</span></strong>为开发利用方向提供指引。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 构建陆海统筹格局，协调陆海开发保护</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">落实市域国土空间开发保护格局，以海岸线为重要陆海统筹界面，合理布局海岸线两侧功能和各类海陆资源要素。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">西部海岸段依托现有产业基础和港口资源条件，重点发展石化、港口、物流等传统海洋产业，建设世界级石化产业基地；东部海岸段通过优化、提升现状城乡建设和管理水平，大力发展滨海高端旅游、生态康养旅游、商贸会展、文化创意、休闲渔业等现代化服务业。统筹陆域、海域、滨海地区的城镇建设、人口布局、产业发展和生态保护修复，统筹保护海陆生态环境，逐步形成“西城东憩”的陆海统筹发展总体格局。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6013363" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbjHRS2XiaM4Vgzozq3e176rLLT2AZsPeu7c1dI38icytqacHTL2FsichHibcribueY7SZdR5wC03frENw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="449" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6：“西城东憩”总体格局</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3</strong></span></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 确定陆海管控底线，推进陆海生态保护</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.1以流域为单元，抓好陆海生态空间“大保护”</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一是根据惠州山地-平原-海域生态系统规律，联动做准海域和陆域基础调研</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">，构建以西枝江、淡水河等流域为基本单元的陆海统筹生态保护体系。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">二是基于海域生态空间保护的实际需要，对各入海流域国土空间提出相应管控要求。三是以流域为单元统筹谋划陆域和海域生态修复重点地区和重点项目，推动陆海环境共治。</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.2以海岸带为载体，推动陆海生态空间“大协调”</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">一是严格落实自然岸线保有率等刚性管控要求，做好海岸带功能分区</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">，与陆域国土空间功能分区进行充分对接，统筹协调匹配陆海主导功能。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">二是统筹陆域和海域生态保护红线调整完善工作</span></strong>，以海岸线、海岛等陆海交界面为重点形成统一协调的陆海空间管控体系。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">三是坚持生态保护优先的原则，优化海洋自然保护区</span></strong>，结合海洋自然保护地和海洋生态红线优化调整最新工作成果，优化调整海洋功能分区中大湾区海洋自然保护区范围，充分保护惠州市海洋自然资源。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.4</strong></em></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 确定陆海功能分区，强化陆海空间利用</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.4.1保障新增产业功能空间</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">以海洋功能分区和海岛、岸线合理保护为基础，重点保障国家重大战略项目的用海用岛空间</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">，保障大湾区未来新增功能发展，预留大港口、大旅游和创新发展空间，推动惠州市滨海产业发展和基础交通设施建设，并在海洋用途分类上予以细化，科学预留港口航道和管网通道。同时通过海洋预留区、保留区等为未来发展做好空间留白。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.4.2保障传统产业功能空间</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">合理规划大亚湾、惠东沿海地区建设用地供给，在生态优先前提下精准配置大亚湾国家级经济技术开发区、稔平半岛等重点平台用地，打造世界级生态型石化产业基地、海洋电子信息产业基地和惠州港口物流基地。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">依托大亚湾石化基地，在陆域布局相关石化上下游产业，形成产业全链条布局，并以大亚湾临港产业片区、稔平半岛滨海旅游区为核心，依托沿海高速、铁路和港口群，向西吸引深港科技创新资源，共建以石化产业和海洋科技等为主导的研发平台。向东带动红海湾、大汕头湾发展，延伸大亚湾先进制造业和滨海旅游业优势，形成广东东部特色海洋经济发展带。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.5</strong></span></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 创新陆海管理机制，确保陆海统筹落地</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.5.1搭建陆海空间信息平台</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">在原“多规合一”空间信息平台、规划管理信息系统、智慧惠州时空大数据云平台、自然资源管理服务系统、“智慧海洋”综合管理平台等已有平台基础上，依据国土空间规划管理需求，对现有数据资源体系进行丰富和完善，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">开展陆海统一的国土空间基础信息平台建设和国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统建设，构建全市陆海全域的全覆盖、高精度信息化管理监督系统。</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.5.2强化海洋政策支撑</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">健全<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">“节约优先、保护优先、生态恢复为主”</span></strong>的海洋主体功能区政策，打造产业、空间、环境、资源等全域“政策工具箱”，同步研究出台《海洋经济高质量发展指导意见》、《海岛保护管理办法》、《海岸带保护与利用管理办法》、《海上人工构筑物管理规定》、《海上风电开发使用管理规定》等政策，增强规划实操性。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">4.5.3强化陆海区域合作</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">深化与深圳、汕尾等沿海地市的陆海区域分工协作</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">，参与构建广东沿海经济带“珠链式”功能布局；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">推动航运体系协调布局</span></strong>，在现有惠州港基础上预留港口扩建空间，与深圳、广州、珠海、香港周边城市港口谋划共建大湾区国际航运中心；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);box-sizing: border-box;">加快沿海高快速通道建设</span></strong>，推动深汕高铁、深汕城际等重大线性交通基础设施建设，提高惠州与深圳、香港、汕尾等周边沿海城市的交通对接效率，构建“联动东西，串珠成链”的复合交通大通道。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [1] 胡求光, 沈伟腾. 陆海统筹，要统筹什么？[J]. 中国生态文明, 2019:35-38.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [2] 陆海统筹的关键节点  海岸带[J]. 中国生态文明, 2019:16.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [3] 陆海统筹的突破口  渤海综合治理攻坚战[J]. 中国生态文明, 2019:18.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [4] 陆海统筹的重大意义  构建生态文明大格局[J]. 中国生态文明, 2019:14.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [5] M Holligan P., de Boois Hans. Land-ocean</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">Interactions in the Coastal Zone (Loicz):Science Plan[M]. Stockholm: International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, 1993.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [6] R Kay, J Alder. Coastal Planning and Management[M]. Boca Raton: FL: CRC Press, 2005.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [7] 文超祥, 刘圆梦, 刘希. 国外海岸带空间规划经验与借鉴[J]. 规划师, 2018(34):143-148.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [8] 李光灿, 杨木壮, 唐玲. 基于陆海统筹的国土空间规划与管理策略[J]. 广东土地科学, 2014(13):7-11.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;"> [9] 刘大海, 管松, 邢文秀. 基于陆海统筹的海岸带综合管理:从规划到立法[J]. 中国土地, 2019:8-11.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[10] 陈易, 徐小黎等. 陆海统筹规划的新问题、新视角、新方法——基于综合空间规划理念[J]. 国土资源情报, 2015:7-13.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[11] 郑贵斌. 我国陆海统筹区域发展战略与规划的深化研究[J]. 区域经济评论, 2013:19-23.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[12] 郑贵斌. 我国陆海统筹区域发展战略与规划的深化研究[J]. 区域经济评论, 2013:19-23.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[13] 傅幸之, 桑劲, 矫鸿博. 基于海洋空间特征的海洋空间规划技术路径[J]. 中国土地, 2020:29-32.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[14] 文超祥, 刘健枭. 基于陆海统筹的海岸带空间规划研究综述与展望[J]. 规划师, 2019(35):5-11.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[15] 译 巴里·尼德汉姆 罗震东. 荷兰土地使用规划原则与实践[M]. 东南大学出版社, 2014.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[16] 大阪湾沿岸海岸保全基本画[R]. 大阪府和兵库县: 2002.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.8);box-sizing: border-box;">[17] 李双建刘佳. 世界主要沿海国家海洋规划发展对我国的启示[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2011:1-5.</span></p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">声明：本文为2020年度中国城市规划年会收录论文，经中国城市规划学会同意和作者授权，特转载分享，以供交流。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word 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sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 4px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MzAwODQ4Nw==&mid=2247496303&idx=1&sn=18a5cc690492c3af423cb851e34a1961&chksm=fc6274e7cb15fdf16678e108be7897fcf368867606ea1f00a1b1c26db6113fc17e3ef3469569&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="你已选中了添加链接的内容" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="1"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" 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style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;widows: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft 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