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<p style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;color: rgb(226, 138, 53);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img width="auto" style="width: 100%;height: auto;text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);visibility: visible !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" data-ratio="0.08359375" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="562" data-backh="47" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQ4HAvV9ywJiap7GH3SLsdGjAj3IZNKmdwUue2iaRgjAqtVyPMJymnW5UZMibUQCSuZpYU1G8lqSF8yA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1280"  /></strong></strong></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">针对保护的土地细分</span></strong></strong></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Subdivision for Conservation?</strong></em></span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">源自</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：<em>Landscape and Urban Planning</em>, 195期, 2020</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：Marjorie R. Liberati, Chadwick D. Rittenhouse, Jason C. Vokoun</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>推荐</strong>：颜文涛，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系。yanwt@tongji.edu.cn</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">当前生态保护与土地开发的需求竞争是保护规划需要权衡的重要问题，保护规划需要适应社会经济现实才能得以实施并有效发挥作用。虽然土地细分常被用于土地开发中，并被广泛认为是保护规划的对立面，但是用地细分也可以通过规模较小的规划单元，使保护目标与用地（尺度）更为匹配从而优化保护规划。以往保护规划中使用的“土地细分”通常遵循生态模式，但文章作者认为基于土地开发模式的土地细分，可以通过产生社会经济相关的较小规划单位来保证保护目标的有效实施。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">文章以美国新英格兰一处包括保护地、自然区域和开发区的混合区域为例，进行土地细分模拟。研究对比了现状用地划定和土地细分后的用地条件下，三种保护规划情景——保护河岸走廊、保护稀有栖息地和保护代表性栖息地——的评估结果。每种情景均通过多保护目标优化算法，根据各情景的优先目标，分别设计“优先保护目标实现”和“成本控制”两种保护方案，分析土地细分在实现生态保护保护和控制社会经济成本上的作用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">土地细分能够在预算内优化生态绩效，以较低的成本实现保护目标。实证表明土地细分在河岸走廊、稀有生境和栖息地代表性等保护规划中具有优势。土地细分能同时实现生态目标并保持社会和经济意义，进一步优化保护规划。尽管土地细分解决方案不能同时改善所有保护目标，但与现状用地划定方案相比，土地细分可以生成较小的规划单元，将保护目标与土地进行更准确的匹配，对其他目标的影响也要比细分之前的规划方式要小。研究结果表明，在有发展压力的情况下，土地细分是制定和实施保护目标以及解决土地利用冲突的有用工具。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 72px !important;" data-ratio="0.3466666666666667" data-type="gif" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/VUQicaUeJAkQ8JEeocP4xUFEXymwa97bTvJ83xt4wgz7CEAgaXml24mI93kydiakGmPgzEnvv5GsHUUOUJWhEibQg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-w="75"  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市等级体系与空间溢出——基于1990—2010年间美国城市人口的分析</span></strong></strong></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Hierarchy and Spatial Contagion: Populationin American Cities Between 1990 and 2010</strong></em></span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">源自</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：<em>Journal of Economic Geography</em>, 2020, 20(2): 397-418.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：Elizabeth A. Dobis, Michael S. Delgado, Raymond J. G. M. Florax, Peter Mulder</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">推荐</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：沈静，中山大学地理科学与规划学院。shenjing@mail.sysu.edu.cn</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市系统的特征是城市间社会经济活动流动，这也反映出空间溢出和城市等级结构，空间溢出是指相邻各城市之间相互社会经济活动的结果，城市等级体系是城市根据其提供的多样性和专业化的产品和服务来区分的不同规模城市的排名。传统的城市系统理论模式不直接考虑空间溢出，现有的文献也是分开来探讨空间溢出和城市等级体系对城市的影响。本文运用1990—2010年除了最小的乡村社区之外的所有城市区域的数据集，并构建一个空间滞后等级线性回归模型来分析空间溢出和城市等级体系对城市人口规模分布的影响。模型结果发现空间溢出和城市等级结构对城市人口规模分布的影响具有显著的异质性，即小城市区域的人口规模分布是以区域空间互补性（被认为是空间溢出的一种表征）和在城市等级体系中的区位为特征，大都市地区的人口规模分布是以城市集聚和更小程度的空间互补为特征。这一发现也揭示出城市规模分布是随时间变化，并且美国的城市人口规模分布不存如随机分布、非随机分布、帕累托最优或者对数正态分布等能被大家认同的一种人口规模分布模式。此外，本文还发现人口中制造业就业人口的比重与城市的人口规模分布是相反的，即在小城市区域中每增加1%的制造业就业人口导致人口规模减少1%，邻近地区减少0.3%，而在大都市地区的邻近地区只减少0.1%的人口规模，这主要是由于大都市区的集聚经济效应，同时这一结果与近年来城市人口规模的减少受经济结构向远离制造业的转型有关。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">相关阅读</span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a style="font-family: 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!important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">排版 </span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">| 徐嘟嘟</span></p><section style="line-height: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></section><p style="line-height: 25.6px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img 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