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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 1em;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;border-radius: 0.5em;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.title1"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong> </strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>编 者 按 </strong></span></p></span> </section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);margin-top: -1em;padding: 20px 10px 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-indent: 2em;margin: 10px 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">科学合理地划定“三区三线”，使土地利用对城市区域内部气候、土壤、水质等产生的影响最小化，是当前国土空间规划的“重要议题”与“关键技术”。《国土空间开发“源汇”格局对河道水质的影响——以杭州市11个排水分区为例》一文从“国土空间开发改变河道水质”这一动态、复杂、具象的过程视角出发，以点源污染基本消除的杭州为例，试图探究：“山水林田湖草+城”这一生命共同体的地理边界何在？土地利用过程产生的主要径流污染物质有哪些？不同的土地利用结构与景观格局如何影响径流污染物的产生、迁移与削减？为确保生命共同体的健康与可持续，如何控制建设用地的上限？如何从宏观、中观和微观等不同空间层面科学合理布局城市的结构与形态？这些问题的回答，为城市承载力研究及水环境全过程管控提供理论基础，也为国土空间规划的“双评价”及 “三区三线”划定提供新的视角和思路。</span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【文章编号】1002-1329 (2020)07-0028-10</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【中图分类号】X321；TU984.11</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【文献标识码】A</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【doi】10.11819/cpr20200705a</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【作者简介】</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">陈前虎 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1971-)，男，浙江工业大学设计与建筑学院院长、教授，浙江省国土空间规划学会理事长，中国学会小城镇规划学术委员会委员。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">吴   昊</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1993-)，男，硕士，杭州市设计研究院师，本文通信作者。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">* 2016年国家社科重大招标项目“海绵城市建设的风险评估与管理机制研究”(16ZDA018)阶段性成果。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文刊载于《》杂志2020年第7期。</span></strong></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em 0.1em 0em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(214, 0, 74);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.5em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">精彩导读</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding: 1em 0.5em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;width: auto;height: auto;overflow: hidden;border-top: 0.1em dashed rgb(214, 0, 74);line-height: 1.4em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【摘要】<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: -webkit-standard;font-size: medium;text-align: start;text-size-adjust: auto;">以杭州市11个排水分区为研究单元，借鉴防治大气污染科学中的“源”、“汇”概念，建立土地利用的“源汇指数”与景观格局指数，采用主成分分析、皮尔逊相关分析、耦合分析等研究方法，研究国土空间开发对城市河道水质的影响。结论为，杭州市河道水质总体呈现“南好北差”的区域格局特征，其中氨氮(</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;">NH</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span><span style="font-size: medium;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: -webkit-standard;text-align: start;">-N)、总磷(TP)与氧化还原电位(ORP)是主要影响指标；商业用地、道路广场、耕地与碎片化的汇类用地结构是河道污染物含量上升的主要原因，但通过提高汇类用地的连接度、结合度与均匀度能起到有效的减缓作用；一个排水分区中满足水质达到Ⅲ类标准的源类用地控制占比应小于一定的阈值(本案杭州为33.3%)；当景观破碎度高于n(本案杭州n值为0.85)时，汇类用地净化径流污染物的能力近乎丧失。这些结论为城市承载力研究和国土空间规划“双评价”提供了新的视角和思路。在此基础上，提出了国土空间开发建设过程中理想的城市星状布局概念形态，并从源头、过程和末端三个层面提出了土地利用与治水的策略建议。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【关键词】<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: -webkit-standard;font-size: medium;text-align: start;text-size-adjust: auto;">排水分区;土地利用;景观格局；河道水质；国土空间规划</span></span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: Arial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">INFLUENCE OF “SOURCE-SINK” PATTERN ON WATER QUALITY IN TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF ELEVEN URBAN DRAINAGE ZONES IN HANGZHOU</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:13px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ABSTRACT：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Taking eleven drainage zones in Hangzhou as case study, the concepts of “source” and “sink” in the science of air pollution was introduced in this paper to establish the “source” and “sink” index of land use and index of landscape pattern by means of principal components analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, coupling equation, etc., to study the influence of territorial and spatial development on urban water quality. It is concluded that: firstly, the water quality in Hangzhou generally appeared better in the south than that in the north, which were mostly affected by the indices of </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NH</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N, TP and ORP. Secondly, the commercial land, road and square, arable land, and fragmented sink-type land use structure were the main sources of water pollutants in city, which might be relieved by improving the CONNECT, COHESION, and SHEI. Thirdly, in order to meet the III standard in a drainage zone, the proportion of source-type land use should be less than a certain threshold (33.3% for Hangzhou). Fourthly, the function of sink-type land use to purify some water pollutants would be lost when the value of fragmentation reached n (0.85 for Hangzhou). These conclusions provide a new perspective for the study of urban carrying capacity and the double evaluation of territorial and spatial development plan. Therefore, this paper proposed a star-shaped ideal layout in the process of territorial and spatial development and some suggestions on the source, process, and terminal of land use and water control.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">KEYWORDS：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">drainage zone; land use; landscape pattern; water quality; territorial and spatial planning</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">土地利用是人类通过各种活动对土地进行长期或周期性的经营，在此过程中可能会对输送污染物的地表径流及壤中流产生作用[1-4]。尤其在城市区域中，土地利用形态的改变对区域内部气候、土壤、水质等都会产生深刻的影响[5-8]，而不同的国土空间开发格局对河道水质的影响相差甚远[9-12]。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市河道水质受到径流源头污染、过程削减以及末端治理的综合影响。已有研究表明，城市典型用地、农业用地是非点源污染物的主要来源，而林地、草地、园地等具备绿植的区域能对地表径流中的污染物产生有效削减[13-15]。近年来，国内外学者大多基于不同流域尺度[16-18]或河道周边不同缓冲区距离[19-22]，采用聚类分析[23]、相关分析[24-25]、多元线性回归[26-27]等统计学方法，或建立SWAT水文模型[28]，对土地利用格局、景观指数与河流水环境间的关系展开研究。这些研究大多基于这样一个前提假设，即河流水质仅受到河道周边一定范围内土地利用与景观格局的影响。但城市中的实际情况却不然，由于大量雨水管道的存在，河道水质受土地利用的影响范围更广，因此仅将河道周边作为研究区域缺乏说服力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市雨水排水分区是以地形为基础，综合考虑水系、水文地质、容泄区水位、雨水管网布局等因素而划分的区域[29]，也是一个包括了“城”在内的相对独立完整的“山水林田湖草生命共同体”；在点源污染基本消除的前提下，一个排水分区内部的水质是由该区域范围内土地利用与景观格局综合作用的结果，因此选取雨水排水分区代替人为界定的流域范围能更真实地反映河道中污染物产生、迁移与削减的实际状况。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文以杭州市11个雨水排水分区为研究单元，借鉴防治大气污染科学中的“源”、“汇”概念[30]，建立“源汇指数”与景观格局指数，采用主成分分析、皮尔逊(Pearson)相关分析、耦合分析等研究方法，从定性和定量两个视角分析土地利用结构、景观格局与河道水质之间的相关性，揭示国土空间开发影响河道水质的机理与机制，并试图探究如下科学问题——为确保一定的水质，一个独立的排水分区内部是否应该存在建设用地的上限；如果有上限，分析其可能的阈值。这些科学问题的解决，将为城市承载力及相关研究提供理论基础，也为国土空间规划的“双评价”提供新的视角和思路。最后，探讨理想的国土空间开发布局结构，并从源头管控、过程削减与末端治理三个层面为土地合理利用及区域水环境改善提供策略与建议。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 研究区域与研究方法</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1  研究区域的土地利用与水质特征</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本研究选择杭州市辖区内上城、下城、拱墅、西湖、江干、滨江、萧山及余杭8区为研究区域，总面积达3068km</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">。杭州西南部海拔较高，多为山地和丘陵；东北部地势较低，多为平原及河谷。2013年开展“五水共治”行动以来，截至目前杭州主城区范围内点源污染基本消除，城市水环境污染以地表径流中的非点源污染为主，拥有良好的研究基础。结合杭州市数字高程(DEM)图像、杭州市防洪治涝分区图及杭州市排水专项规划，利用ArcGIS10.2软件的水文分析模块，将杭州城区划分为11个排水分区作为本次研究的基本单元(图1)，其中面积最大的为南沙平原东(563.28k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>)，最小的为老城片区(68.51k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>)，平均面积约为270.74k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8044030482641829" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTt83jYCOpxJtnDtUMZ7wA4x7aQ7WaIXoC5WkbiaTlpibdgVLKt66wG1ibA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图1  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市排水分区划分</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.1 Division of drainage zones in Hangzhou</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1.1  土地利用信息提取及特征</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">选取杭州市2017年3月的Landsat8遥感影像，利用ENVI5.1软件对其进行几何校正与投影定义。在此基础上，参照中国土地资源分类系统以及《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GB 50137-2011)，运用最大似然分类(maximum likelihood)、实地调研与目视解译相结合的方法，将研究区域内的土地按利用类型划分为9类，即林地、水域、园地(包括城市公共绿地)、居住用地(包括公共服务用地)、空地、商业用地、工矿用地、道路广场以及耕地。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从图2可知，各排水分区土地利用多以林地与园地为主，约占25.1%～88.5%，其中北侧排水分区(运西、运东、上塘、下沙、南沙平原东)含有大量的耕地与道路广场用地，分别占3.5%～28.5%与5.4%～11.2%；南侧区域(上泗、萧南、蜀山与南沙平原西)中耕地较少(不足2.0%)，而林地较多(2.5%～41.3%)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6900931414055885" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwT7MXAVEJjz4HaysTCB2usujeUWMlgGQAUGpcClSoQvvuAZXtPia9UUrw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图2  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市各排水分区内部不同土地利用占比</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2 Proportion of different land use in each drainage zone in Hangzhou</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1.2  水质数据来源及特征</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">水质监测数据来自杭州市环境监测中心站，以研究区内2017年6月的河道(不含钱塘江、运河、上塘河与苕溪4条跨区域河流)断面水质为基础，对数据进行筛选处理，共取得有效数据892份。由于杭州两大污水处理厂(四堡和七格)的排水口均位于钱塘江下游入海口位置，对本次选择的样本河道没有影响，数据的独立性和科学性强。本研究选取溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸钾指数(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 16px;">COD</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">)、氨氮(<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N)、总磷(TP)、氧化还原电位(ORP)、透明度(Transp)6个水质指标作为研究指数，其中DO、Transp指数与水质呈正相关，而其余4个(<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>、<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP)指数与水质呈负相关。在此基础上，利用ArcGIS软件将河流空间位置与排水分区叠加分析，计算不同排水分区中不同河流水质的变异系数①，并根据变异系数大小分别采用中位数或平均值计算得到11个排水分区的平均水质(图3)。经对比发现：老城(地方政府对水质末端处理力度大)与余西片(城郊山区)，水质优于其余片区；南沙平原东、下沙片位于钱塘江下游，工业用地占比较高，TP与<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>含量明显高于其余片区；上塘片、运东片与运西片是近20年来城市人口的主要扩张区域，居住用地比例高，餐饮业与服务业发达，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、ORP含量高于其他片区。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.540625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTicD6ZkQZ1muaLcwtaSbIhxzYqFKPbFgRDIjTVXADfoyNEvbZmicalUlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图3  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市不同排水分区水质分布</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3 Water quality distribution in different drainage zones in Hangzhou</span></p><section style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.2  研究方法</span></strong></span><br  /></section><section style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.2.1  土地利用的“源汇指数”</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">“源”、“汇”是研究全球气候变化及防治大气污染过程中衍生出来的概念，分别指大气污染物的来源和可以吸收大气污染物的一些区域或者生态类型。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文引入“源类用地”、“汇类用地”的概念来反映不同类型土地斑块对地表污染物的作用特征。每一种土地斑块在特定排水分区内部起到的作用是不同的，将对地表径流起到源头污染作用的用地定义为“源类用地”②，而起削减作用的定义为“汇类用地”。相关研究表明，耕地、空地、居住用地、道路广场、商业用地、工矿用地等对水质产生负影响[12-13]，为“源类用地”；林地、水域、园地等对地表径流污染物起到削减作用[14-15]，为“汇类用地”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">根据已有研究[11，14-15，31]，赋予斑块不同权重来衡量其对地表径流污染物的影响程度(表1)。其中“源类用地”通过源类指数衡量，“汇类用地”用汇类指数衡量，并通过计算源类指数和汇类指数的自然对数值得到源汇指数。计算公式如下：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7417721518987341" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwT1bomA52cPT87dLysDyTSnsXWhzqHs9gI5A28pPWwXRI3zQUaXKMFtQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="790" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表1  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市不同斑块类型权重</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.1 Weight of different patch types in Hangzhou</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.4533333333333333" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTlClbrVlE9EZN5fvbYaLubq7ooibcAp9dwUY4bzFhvV1ZhKbrKwYLzyg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="150" style=""  /><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 34px;">   (1)</span></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.4066666666666667" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTz6Yp90WrLC06LBBPGfJO8bjno6Av6Y8bJ9z8aLs8tqoK2ZlWBqTyWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="150" style=""  /><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 34px;">   (2)</span></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.41333333333333333" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTBmqAibhKbSPMucnxQwnwhssQia8ibobMs5bSNzGy6Cf1O6O9mgIxY6lWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="150" style=""  /><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 34px;">   </span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 34px;">(3)</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px 5px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;font-size: 16px;">式中，SL、CL、R_SC分别为源类指数、汇类指数以及源汇指数；</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">P</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">i</span></sub></span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">、<span style="text-indent: 2em;">P</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">j</span></sub></span>分别为排水分区中不同源类用地和汇类用地的面积；<span style="text-indent: 2em;">W</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">i</span></sub></span>、<span style="text-indent: 2em;">W</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">j</span></sub></span>分别为源类、汇类用地的权重；S为排水分区面积。从公式中可以看出，SL越大，排水分区对污染物的输出能力越强；CL越大，排水分区对污染物的截留能力越强，相应水质就越好。R_SC是反映源类、汇类用地对水质影响的综合指标，R_SC越大，表示该排水分区对污染物的输出能力越强，反之表明截留能力越强。</span></p><section style="margin: 5px 8px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;">1.2.2  景观格局指数</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">景观格局指数能高度概括汇类用地景观格局信息，反映不同景观斑块的结构和空间特征[32]。为更好地揭示不同汇类斑块结构对水质的影响，依据已有研究[2，5，25，33]，筛选出斑块密度(PD)、边缘密度(ED)、连接度(connect)、结合度(cohesion)、破碎度(division)、多样性指数(SHDI)、均匀度(SHEI)这7个景观指数作为研究对象(表2)。计算11个排水分区的汇类用地景观指数(表3)，可以发现：老城片多样性较高，但是连接度与结合度较低；余西片虽然多样性低，但是其连接度与结合度较高；下沙、上塘、运东与南沙平原西破碎度较高；萧南、蜀山结合度较高。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.28125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwThwtTR0qtWYt1UqNetdJldzQ1HQicEdTf8uBMEiaOKQicTxtKjQkMoSQlg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表2  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">研究所使用的景观格局指数及其生态学含义</span></strong></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.2 Landscape pattern index used in the research and its ecological implications</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 结果与讨论</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1  河道水质的主成分及分区差异性</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为探究不同排水分区水质差异情况，利用SPSS22.0软件的统计分析模块、主成分分析模块计算各个排水分区的水质综合指数(图4)。从结果来看：<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N(22%)、TP(23%)与ORP(23%)三者对水质综合指数的影响程度较高，而DO(9%)、<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>(12%)与Transp(11%)对水质综合指数的影响程度相对较低。这可能是由于杭州近年来经过“五水共治”、“环境整治”等行动，河道中悬浮物及相关有机污染物(<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>等)已逐渐消除，以<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP为代表的氮磷污染物已成为影响河道水质的主要成分。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTdQw7lVzgoRMmQp6n1BgQM1LAVONsEbgic3MQH6ZVXK2ejOicM7icNtibTA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1245" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图4  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市河道水质的主成分及分区差异性</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4 Main components and zoning differences of water quality in Hangzhou</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 20px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从不同排水分区水质来看，除余西片与老城片外，南侧排水分区水质(≥0.23)普遍要优于北侧(<0.20)，且在研究区域范围内越往南水质越好。结合图2、表3可知，杭州南侧区域为钱塘江上游，多为园地与林地，土地城市化程度及景观破碎度均较低；而北侧区域多为商业、工业用地，土地城市化程度与景观破碎度均较高。可见，土地城市化与景观破碎化对水质产生了重大影响。事实上，土地从原始状态到高度城市化的转变过程中，以道路为骨架的格状或网状的土地利用分割了原有完整的汇类斑块，不但使汇类用地向源类用地转化，也使得城市中汇类斑块的破碎度不断上升，在加重源类用地对水体的污染程度的同时，也削弱了汇类用地净化水质的能力，导致土地城市化程度越高的排水分区水质越差。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.44453125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTaDs0KHiaOIRkibPoRDjkVKoMnWkerq5TtpfAutbzjgHnVyfQA1HSh6Ng/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表3  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市不同排水分区汇类用地景观指数</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.3 Landscape index of different drainage zones in Hangzhou</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2  河道水质与土地利用“源汇”格局的相关性分析</span></strong></span><br  /></p><section style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2.1  土地利用影响河道水质的结构因子分析</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为深入研究河道水质与土地利用“源汇”格局间的相关性，以不同排水分区的土地利用百分比以及景观指数为基础，进行Pearson相关分析(表4、表5)。</span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.29140625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTrAvhVlibrSmeVVAK60CXxbKpvMwKDllaQvO7GZqEnlDVINad7E0WOicg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表4  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市不同土地利用类型与水质指数相关性分析</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.4 Correlation analysis of different land use types and water quality index in Hangzhou</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注：*表示弱相关，**表示强相关，数值越大表示相关程度越高，正负号表明正相关与负相关。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.3171875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTPdecaAkuL7sonhaSgibgOAQCE1rxRWgoj2feGwP1dCJPUpZhHU4KoZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表5  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州市不同景观指数与水质指数相关性分析</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.5 Correlation analysis of different landscape index and water quality index in Hangzhou</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注：*表示弱相关，**表示强相关，数值越大表示相关程度越高，正负号表明正相关与负相关。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">由表4可知，9类用地中与水质具有相关性的有8种(空地与各水质指标的相关性指数均低于0.30，相关性极弱，可视为不相关)，其中商业用地、道路广场、耕地、园地、林地对水质变化的总体影响较大，相关性综合指数在0.45以上。道路广场是城市水质污染物的一个主要来源，与水质中的<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP均呈现正相关；另一个突出污染源为商业用地，与水质中的<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>、<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP都具有较高的正相关性。此外，耕地输出的主要污染物为<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>、TP，对水质中的DO含量也有一定的影响。园地、林地与<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>、<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP等水质指数均呈现显著的负相关，在吸收、截留地表径流所携带的污染物方面具有积极的作用；但园地对污染物的削减效果要优于林地，这可能是因为林地大多位于丘陵地带，地表径流流速较快，污染物未能得到有效削减就排入河流。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">如表5所示，7个景观指数中与水质存在较强相关性的有4种，即连接度、结合度、破碎度和均匀度。其中，破碎度综合反映了连接度、均匀度与结合度特征，是影响河流水质的主要因素，与<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>等水质污染物都高度正相关；连接度、结合度、均匀度则与<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>、<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N等水质污染物间存在一定的负相关。可见，碎片化的汇类斑块结构会削弱其净化水质的能力，而提高汇类用地的结合度(源类用地越集中紧凑，汇类用地的结合度指数越高)，增强斑块间的连接度与均匀度(这2项指标综合反映了城市绿地系统的网络化与均衡化程度)，则有助于提升水质。从现实状况来看，在土地城市化程度较高的北侧排水分区中，虽然源类用地比例都普遍较高，但景观连接度、均匀度高的运西片与结合度高的南沙平原东片水质要优于其他片区。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2.2  土地利用影响河道水质的结构极限分析</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">鉴于源汇指数(R_SC)能反映一个排水分区中土地利用源汇结构对水质的综合作用与影响，而景观破碎度则能综合反映汇类用地斑块的空间分布状况，两者又与水质具有较大的相关性，为此，以不同分区的R_SC指数与景观破碎度为x轴，以主成分分析得到的<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP等3个水质指数为y轴，利用Origin8.0软件分别建立6个拟合方程；在此基础上，根据《国家地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)与杭州市水质划分标准，划分不同水质等级(图5)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.54375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTibOribJyofibpqCYbiaSv6clsQia5jVESh5oYhem6Mt5LKL5EF72hFN9Xtw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图5  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP与R_SC、景观破碎度的耦合方程</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5 Equations of coupling between <span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N, TP, ORP, and R_SC and landscape fragmentation</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">对比不同方程R2发现，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、ORP与R_SC的拟合曲线相关性较强，TP则与景观破碎度的相关性较强(图5)。从不同水质指标变化趋势看：随着R_SC指数的上升，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP等3个指标均上升，且斜率逐渐降低，其中<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N对于R_SC的敏感性更高，当<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N满足水质三类标准时所对应的R_SC值能使得其余水质指数均满足三类标准，可见<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N是影响河道水质等级的主要因素。根据耦合方程可知，在1个排水分区内部若要满足水质达到Ⅲ类水及以上的标准，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N含量应小于1.00，此时相对应的R_SC应小于-0.30，由极限计算可得，源类用地占比最大不应超过33.3%。目前杭州11个排水分区中，下沙、上塘、运东3个片区R_SC指数均超过了这一阈值，相应地其水质排名也处于后3位。</span><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP等3个指标与景观破碎度均呈现正相关。随景观破碎度的上升，各污染物含量均相应上升，并在景观破碎度值大于0.85后趋于平稳。这一现象表明，当处于0.85的阈值之内时，改善景观破碎度能有效提升水质；一旦超过这一阈值，汇类用地对水质的净化能力近乎丧失。景观破碎度的大小反映了一个排水分区中的土地城市化程度以及小型汇类斑块的占比情况。在一个特定的排水分区中，源类用地占比越高，布局越分散，小型汇类斑块占比也就相应越高，景观破碎度就越高，水质相应就越差。由表3可知，破碎度高于0.85的区域均为杭州土地城市化程度较高的区域(南沙平原西、南沙平原东、下沙、运东、上塘)，除南沙平原西(杭州城市的新中心区域，政府对水质末端处理力度大)外，其余片区水质相近且都排名居后。事实上，上塘、运东、下沙和南沙平原东分别为近20年来城市人口与工业的主要扩张区域，急速扩张的城市用地切割了原有完整的汇类斑块，导致在该类区域中汇类用地净化水质的能力大幅下降。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 结论与建议</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.1  研究结论与推论</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">通过对杭州11个排水分区内部水质与国土空间开发“源汇”格局的相关性分析，可以得到一组关于城市河道水质与土地利用关系的体系性结论，为城市承载力研究与国土空间规划“双评价”提供新的视角和思路：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1)基于主成分统计分析研究，揭示了杭州水质空间分布特征及其主要影响指标。研究发现：从南到北，杭州国土空间开发程度与景观破碎度均不断上升，相应地导致研究区范围内越往北水质越差；不同水质指标中，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP与ORP是水质的主要影响指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2)基于Pearson相关分析的研究，揭示了土地利用影响河道水质的主要因子与结构。研究表明：商业用地、道路广场、耕地三者是目前杭州水体的主要污染源头，园地与林地则相反；土地城市化及景观破碎度的上升会降低汇类用地净化水质的能力，但通过提高汇类用地的结合度、增强斑块间的连接度与均匀度能起到有效的减缓作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3)基于“R_SC指数”、“景观破碎度”与水质的拟合方程分析，揭示了土地利用影响河道水质的结构极限。结果显示：<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP与R_SC呈现正相关，其中<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N对于R_SC的敏感性最高；在本案例中，1个排水分区内部若要满足水质达到Ⅲ类水及以上的标准，源类用地占比应小于33.3%。随景观破碎度的上升，<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、TP、ORP含量先上升后趋于平稳；当汇类用地的斑块破碎程度达到一定阈值时(本次杭州案例的研究值为0.85)，其净化水质的能力近乎消失殆尽。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上述结论与事实表明，在城市化土地开发过程中，国土空间的自然承载能力演变存在重要的阈值发生点，超越了这个点，系统无论怎么修复和治理都难以恢复到原来的状态；特定的城市区域存在理论上的承载力上限，这个上限只有通过对国土空间的科学规划与精心布局才能实现。20世纪70年代贝里[34]就发现，在众多城市形态中星状城市对消除城市中污染物的效果最好。本文研究也表明，阈值点的存在对于国土空间规划的技术过程与制度体系建设具有重要的含义与价值，建设存在理想的星状布局概念形态：随着城市规模扩展和排水分区的增多，建设呈现出多个星型的簇群状布局形态(图6)。这一星状布局概念形态体现以下三层规划含义：</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0110076206604572" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhxHDKddZqOnuyRbKfVJDwTic6GphHsNkJAibkM2pVQJfD0CAdtSHhZT5BnkYVSh3v4VQ6kshNsaOtg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图6  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"></span>理想的城市星状布局概念形态</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6 The ideal star-shaped layout of a city</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第一，基于山水林田湖草生命共同体概念，国土空间开发与建设应突破行政藩篱，以独立完整的排水分区作为土地开发建设利用的基础单元，并在这个基础单元内进行源汇用地的科学规划与合理布局。</span><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第二，R_SC阈值的存在，要求每个基础单元的源类用地不超过上限(本案研究值为1/3)；而高汇类斑块结合度则反映了一个排水分区中城市建设用地布局的集中紧凑程度，它要求相邻基础单元的源类用地集中紧凑布局，以提高汇类斑块结合度，降低非点源污染的范围与规模。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第三，斑块破碎度阈值的存在，一方面，在宏观上要求控制源类用地并集中紧凑布局；另一方面，在中微观层面要建立大、中、小海绵体均匀分布并具有高度连接性的汇类斑块结构，以提高汇类用地对源类用地的“包围”程度，通过提高均匀度与连接度来弥补和减缓破碎度对水质带来的负面影响，从而提升汇类用地净化水质的能力与水平。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2  建议</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">作为城市中重要的生态廊道，河道的健康从根本上受流域自然要素、人文要素及其土地利用格局的复合作用与系统影响。建议从源头、过程和末端三个层面优化国土空间开发“源汇”格局，加强水环境与水生态系统治理，推动城市河道水质持续优化，提升城市综合承载能力。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2.1  在源头上，控制源类用地上限，紧凑布局城市建设空间</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">长期以来，国内对于建设用地规模控制的认知主要停留在城市行政区划层面，而对于应该在一个排水分区内部控制建设用地上限的认知不足。城市水质要想保持在Ⅲ类水及以上，其前提条件是在一个相对独立和完整的“生命共同体”——排水分区内部，满足源类用地占比小于阈值。在本案源类用地占比超过阈值的排水分区中，如下沙、上塘、运东等分区应加强城市生态修复工作，通过旧城改造、用地置换等手段增加其内部汇类用地占比，恢复山水林田湖生命共同体机能；在未到阈值的排水分区中，则应明确控制源类用地上限，避免由于过度开发而对水环境与水生态造成不可逆的影响。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">与此同时，应摈弃当前无序蔓延与分散开发的城市建设模式，构建“大密大疏、疏密有致，大开大合、开合有度”的星形紧凑型城市空间结构与形态。结合当前城中村改造及轨道交通等大型基础设施建设，加强城市功能修补与生态修复工作：在交通枢纽与站点地区加大教育文化、医疗卫生、商业商务、生活居住等城市功能的开发力度与建设强度；在非交通走廊地区严格控制城市用地无序蔓延，保护建设城市生态廊道。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2.2  在过程中，重组汇类用地格局，系统优化海绵布局结构</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">急速而无序的土地城市化过程破坏了汇类用地的斑块结构与净化功能，带来了一系列水环境与水生态问题。在目前杭州市11个排水分区中，已有5个区域的汇类斑块破碎度超过上限，这些区域汇类用地净化水体的能力丧失殆尽，区域净化水质的途径只有依赖于末端治理。针对上述困境，应大力发扬低影响开发理念，重组汇类用地格局，系统布局和优化海绵城市结构：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，在宏观上要构建高结合度与连接度的城市森林、湿地与生态绿廊系统，保护好城中的山、湖、湿地与大江大河，严格控制并建设好总体规划确定的6条生态带，并使各大型汇类用地斑块之间融会贯通；其次，在中观上要建设高均匀度、网络化的各类城市海绵体，通过增设防护绿地、公园绿地、小型湿地等方式构建雨水收集系统，并使大、中、小海绵体有机镶嵌，将需要进一步处理的雨水传输到更高一级的大型海绵设施(湖泊、湿地、林地等)进行滞蓄，形成层层递进的水质净化系统；再则，在微观上要通过铺设透水铺装、增设前置沉淀池等方式收集处理污染严重的初期雨水，提升河道水质。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2.3  在末端里，强化水质管理机制，因地制宜推进治水行动</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市建设乃百年大计，源汇用地格局一旦形成很难改变。杭州老城与南沙平原西片区地处城市新老中心区域，土地城市化程度与人口密度都很高，地方政府根据河道污染物质的主要成分，投入人力、物力和财力进行了针对性的水质治理，并通过多部门的配合对河道水质形成了科学而有效的管理。这一事实给予的启示是，面向水质的全过程管理，在末端既要加强协同治水的机制建设，也要针对不同土地利用类型的排水片区，通过生物化学的方法与手段提出针对性的治理措施：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在外围乡村用地比例较高的地区(R_SC< -0.80)，存在着大量的农业面源污染，应侧重于对<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 34px;">COD</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;vertical-align: sub;">Mn</span></sub></span>的治理；在城乡结合区域(-0.30≥R_SC≥-0.80)，布置有大量的工矿企业，应着重于对DO、<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、ORP、TP与Transp等污染物的治理；而在城市中心区域(R_SC>-0.30)，则应重点加强对<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;">NH</span><span style="text-indent: 32px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;"><sub style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">3</span></sub></span>-N、ORP、TP与Transp四者的治理。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在本研究中，尽管国土开发利用的格局指数与河道水质之间表现出明显的相关性，但需要指出的是：国土空间开发对河道水质的影响是复杂和多面的，本文得出的阈值仅仅基于杭州土地利用的现况(类型、结构、强度、密度等)，单个的案例结论不能简单推论于其他城市与地区，更具一般意义的结论有待于下一步更多案例城市的佐证与修正。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section donone="shifuMouseDownCard('shifu_c_027')" style="margin-top: 2em;padding-top: 0.5em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;font-size: 1em;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: inherit;line-height: 27.2px;border-radius: 4px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(166, 166, 166);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -1.8em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 8px 12px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;display: inline-block;border-color: rgb(183, 184, 184);background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注释</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 15px 16px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;">①	变异系数又称“标准差率”，是衡量资料中各观测值变异程度的一个统计量。变异系数高说明样本的数据分布较为离散，用中位数代表其平均值较为合理；而变异系数低说明样本的数据分布较为集中，用算术平均代表其平均值较为合理。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;">②	城市污水处理厂的作用在于处理点源污染而不是面源污染，并且下雨时厂内也会产生大量的非点源污染，因此污水处理厂也属于源类用地。</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献</strong></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1  姜勇. 城市空间拓展对湖泊水质影响及对策研究——以武汉市为例[J]. ，2018(6): 95-99，116.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">JIANG 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0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请在后台留言</span></strong></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">封面图片源自中国政府网</span></span></span></strong></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信改版后</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">好多人说不能很方便找到我了</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其实把咱们</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“城</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市规划”置顶</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就可以啦</span></strong></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">只需要</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5秒钟哟~</span></strong></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9203125" data-type="gif" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SdNVtxmtcRiarCYiclbibw0tx4nuld0vwU9ScXl6gq8Bpbh8o8yZlxbo8y8jBcCBC74ubpiaHy1ic6k3wcqJbCFBWBA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 640px !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: left top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官方投稿网址</strong></span>：http://www.planning.com.cn</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微博</span></strong></span>：http://weibo.com/cityplanningreview</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号</span></strong></span>：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电子期刊</span></strong></span>：App Store搜索“”(支持iPad下载)</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内统一刊号</span></strong></span>：CN 11-2378/TU</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国际标准刊号</span></strong></span>：ISSN 1002-1329</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: right bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="275" data-ratio="0.5255731922398589" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaRRGMYpf5IMDDYv7hrsYzbm1Qy3NypQme09sqSMlEUWG1vmPfwqSUtjvVM8SBic3ibtxZWav0XPyqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注、分享、在看与点赞，至少我要拥有一个吧~</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="20" width="20px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaJFLUlbXfibjg54O3pjJDnRYf7lfCu47bXg1ztShDVrvKZK69YMLpYSvIgoWWgwuSH1fndo4kAtXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: text-bottom;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 20px !important;"  /></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></span></strong></p></section></section>
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