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<section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);height: 1px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotateZ(45deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;font-size: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 2px -2px 0px;background-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.12);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 67.6875px;height: 33px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(76, 126, 234);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编者按</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotateZ(45deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;font-size: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 2px -2px 0px;background-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.12);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);height: 1px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -16px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(95, 156, 239) rgb(95, 156, 239);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 655px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.07);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(66, 86, 110);letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">依据海绵建设的目的和内涵，坚持因地制宜和有效解决问题的原则，针对高地下水位城市的特征和主要问题，研究提出高地下水位城市的海绵建设策略，以供此类城市的海绵建设参考。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.title1" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></span></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1em;padding: 20px 10px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【作者简介】</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">戴慎志(1956-)，男，同济大学建筑与学院教授，博士生导师。中国学会工程规划学术委员会副主任委员；中国学会城市安全与防灾学术委员会委员；中国协会地下管线专家委员会副主任；全国城市抗震防灾规划审查委员会委员；上海同济设计研究院总规划师。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;">本文刊载于《》杂志2017年第2期。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.title1" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></span></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 6px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(157, 187, 254);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 281.016px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 7px;padding-left: 7px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.1;letter-spacing: 1.8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">海绵建设的目的与目标</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 6px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(157, 187, 254);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1  海绵建设目的与内涵</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">海绵城市是指城市能够像海绵一样，在适应变化和应对自然灾害等方面具有良好的“弹性”，下雨时吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水，需要时将蓄存的水“释放”并加以利用。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">海绵城市建设是实现自然积存、自然渗透、自然净化的雨水管理和新的城市发展方式。海绵城市建设核心理念是低影响开发，将自然界的山、水、林、河、湖作为完整的生命共同体，集成LID技术、城市防洪排涝、面源污染防治、合流制排水溢流污染治理等多种技术，综合利用城市水资源，统筹解决城市的水安全、水环境、水资源、水生态问题，营造城市水文化。</span></section><section style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.2  海绵建设目标与途径</span></strong></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">海绵建设目标为：降低城市洪涝灾害风险、缓解城市缺水问题、提升城市水环境品质。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1) 通过治水、排水、渗水、滞水等途径，进行河湖水系整治，提高防洪防涝标准，加强排水设施能力，完善排水管渠系统，控制雨水径流源头、建设雨水调蓄设施，完善雨洪调排管理，达到降低城市洪涝风险、保障城市水安全的目标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2) 通过引水、蓄水、释水等途径，建设各种类型蓄水设施，构建水源涵养型城市下垫面，建设雨水回用设施，采用生物净化废水等措施，解决水质型缺水等问题；达到缓解城市缺水，保障城市发展的目标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3) 通过净水、亲水设施建设等途径，净化初期雨水，控制面源污染，提升径流水质。进行旧城区雨污分流改造，生态净化污染水体，维持河流生态需水量，建设亲水型河岸和设施；达到提升城市水环境品质，丰富城市景观系统的目标。</span></p><section style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.3  海绵建设的差异性与适用性</span></strong></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我国幅员辽阔，城市受气候、气象影响差异大，尤其是水文、地质条件对海绵建设影响很大，对海绵城市的需求目标也不同。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">例如，由于气候、降雨量等条件不同，南方城市与北方城市对海绵城市建设需求和目标不同：南方城市通常天气温暖潮湿，降雨量大而持续时间长、下雨频率高，其海绵建设重点是防洪排涝和提升城市水环境品质；北方城市通常天气寒冷干燥，降雨量小而持续时间短，下雨频率低，其海绵建设重点是缓解城市缺水和提升城市水环境品质。丰水城市与缺水城市对海绵城市建设需求和目标也不同，丰水城市的海绵建设重点是防洪排涝，缺水城市的海绵建设重点是蓄水补水。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">高地下水位城市、大坡度山地城市、湿陷土地质城市、喀斯特地貌城市的海绵建设目标也大不相同。高地下水位城市因土壤入浸率低、土层蓄水总量小，排涝难度大等因素，其海绵建设首要目标是防洪排涝，保障城市水安全。大坡度山地城市因大雨滞留和浸透而易发生滑坡、泥石流等因素，其海绵建设首要目标是避免大坡度地区雨水长期滞留浸透。湿陷土地质城市因土壤浸透雨水而引起土壤承载力减弱或消失，致使建筑、设施、道路塌陷等因素，其海绵建设的首要目标是防止湿陷土地区的雨水滞浸。喀斯特地貌城市地表水易受溶洞、裂隙漏失等因素影响，其海绵建设首要目标是蓄水和减少雨水浸透流失。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">因此，海绵建设必须高度重视城市的差异性，因地制宜地确定各自海绵建设目标，选择合适的规划途径，采用合理、可持续实施措施。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 281.016px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 7px;padding-left: 7px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.1;letter-spacing: 1.8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高地下水位城市</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的</span></strong></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">特</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">征与主要问题</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1  高地下水位城市的分布与特征</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">高地下水位城市主要分布于沿海冲积平原如上海、宁波等；大型河流湖泊沿岸地区如武汉、无锡等；沼泽湿地等地势低洼地区如大庆、银川等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">高地下水位城市的普遍性特征有：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1) 河流水系密布，水资源丰富；(2) 地势低洼，地下水位高；(3) 地面蓄水空间薄，蓄水总量小；(4) 土壤入浸率低；硬质地表比例大，降雨径流量大；(5) 城区内外河流水系水位高，排涝难度大。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2  高地下水位城市的主要问题</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市内涝是高地下水位城市普遍存在的主要问题，直接影响城市安全。内涝的主要原因有：城区地势低、地下水位高、土壤入浸率低、降雨径流量大、土层蓄水总量小、河流水位高、排涝难度大等。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">有些高地下水位城市因特有因素，更易发生严重内涝。如武汉因长江防洪安全等因素，在长江水位到达警戒线后，禁止城区河流和湖泊向长江、汉江排水，从而加剧城区内涝。又如上海城区地面高程低，由于沿海感潮河网，潮水位高涨变化大，黄浦江水位高；主城区河流淤积度高，河流水系蓄洪能力差；雨季降雨量大而集中，降雨持续时间长；且雨季常出现暴雨、台风、大潮汛集聚来袭，极易造成严重内涝(表1)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5266222961730449" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgxC488s1cexMSGjRicBuQ4zw8Biavib0cclqfdIgibibCkZaJQAgNEr74Z7A5IqSYU5ibqE3wichvHkRSlg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1202" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲ 表1  2010-2015年上海内涝情况及原因</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.1</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  Waterlogging incidents and related causes in Shanghai during 2010-2015</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 6px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(157, 187, 254);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 281.016px;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 7px;padding-left: 7px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.1;letter-spacing: 1.8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">高地下水位城市的</span></strong></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">海绵建设策略</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgb(159, 186, 253) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);height: 2px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 6px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(157, 187, 254);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.1  高地下水位城市的海绵建设关键问题</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">高地下水位城市的海绵建设关键问题是：确保城区遇暴雨时既能抗御外洪，又能避免内涝受淹；同时，充分利用雨水，净化城市水环境，丰富城市水景观。水源水质难以自控的城市可利用滞留的洁净雨水作城市生活饮用水水源。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2  高地下水位城市的海绵建设的总体策略</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，海绵建设应与市域的水利规划建设统筹协调，采用各种措施，增强城市河流水系抗御外水和排除内水的能力，保障城市水安全，留住大概率小降雨，涵养生态；排出小概率大降雨，确保城市安全。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次，对城市道路、广场、硬质铺地、绿地系统采用渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排等措施，有效排泄初期雨水，滞留清洁雨水。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">再次，建设街区内绿色屋顶和雨水调蓄设施，滞留蓄存街区内清洁雨水，减少源头径流，延缓雨水峰值出现时间，降低峰值流量，合理利用水资源。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">难以自控供水水源水质的城市，可联通各街区地下雨水调蓄设施，配建地下雨水净化处理厂，生产达标生活饮用水；从而实现降低城市洪涝风险、提升城市水环境品质、增加城市洁净水源等目标。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.3  全面提升城市抗洪(潮)排涝能力</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">统筹协调市域水利规划建设，全面提升市域的抗洪(潮)排涝能力。疏浚、沟通、挖深市域内河流、湖池，降低地下水位，扩充河流水系的容水空间；利用水闸、排涝泵站，调控全市河流水位，预留蓄纳雨水空间；结合绿地系统规划建设，开挖暴雨时常涝地区的人工湖河，蓄纳雨水，并联通附近河流，形成完整水系。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">例如，上海全市共有33127条河流，总长度24915km，水域总面积642.7k<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>。若对全市1/2水域总面积挖深1m，则可增加32380万<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>的蓄水空间，并能有效降低城市地下水位。此外，增建市域边界和主城外环线外河流的水闸，并利用水闸、排涝泵站，调控市域和主城区河流水位，预留城市蓄纳雨水空间。在暴雨前，利用水闸阻挡主城区上游河水下涌，抽排主城区段河流水，迎蓄台风暴雨的雨水，确保主城区水安全。平时，可利用黄浦江潮水及海潮的高低水位差，利用水闸调控，冲刷疏洩市域和主城区河道，保持河道畅通和免淤(图1)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.1386986301369864" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgxC488s1cexMSGjRicBuQ4zicFWcDsr4ibCpuWiamfHZaibK7ul5vVrLfKSNuEjx7A0S3I8H4ssSAvJ8A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1168" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲ 图1  上海市河流水闸建设建议</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1 Suggestions on the construction of sluices on rivers in Shanghai</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 5px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上海计划在主城区苏州河底下方建约长15km、管径8～10m的暗隧。该工程可以大量蓄水，规避峰值，确保苏州河周边地区能够防御“五年一遇”的强降雨(降水量60mm/h)。</span><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">此外，上海市城市总体规划(2040)设想拟建吴淞口巨型水闸，在大潮汛和台风时，调控减少海水对黄浦江水的顶托，调控降低黄浦江水位，从而减少黄浦江涨潮高水位对沿江内河的压力，并可加快黄浦江汇入长江、东海的流速，提高上海市域和主城区的水安全能力。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(157, 187, 254);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.4  合理排蓄和利用城区雨水</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">高地下水位城市需对城市道路进行海绵性改善。扩容更新常涝地区道路的雨水管道和泵站，进行透水人行道铺设，敷设溢流式雨水管和浸管，建设生态树池；针对道路两侧绿地高程情况，在高于道路标高的绿地内，设置植草沟和蓄渗模块，在低于道路标高的绿地内，设置下凹式绿地和植草沟，使路边绿地雨水就地滞留，不排入道路的雨水管道，减少道路雨水排放压力，确保城市道路科学接纳和排泄雨水。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">建设广场低影响雨水系统，改建广场和硬地的透水铺装，设置生态树池等措施，建设生态型停车场。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在城市绿地系统中设置多功能雨水调蓄公园，蓄存雨水，丰富水景。在公园等公共绿地中建设下沉式广场，降雨时蓄存雨水，形成高程层次感的休憩绿地，保障周围地区水安全。增强绿地系统蓄滞雨水的功能，培育水文化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">街区是实施海绵城市的基本单元，因地制宜地建设街区雨水调蓄系统，控制雨水径流，保障街区水安全，营造街区特色水文化。根据城市建成区和新建区的实际情况，采取相适应的规划建设措施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在建成区，结合街区内停车场和街区小游园建设，针对现状情况，因地制宜地建设雨水花园、生态停车场、地下雨水调蓄池等，系统地进行广场、铺装硬地、人行道的透水性处理。对用地较宽敞的已建街区，修建以雨水花园为核心的公共休憩绿地，调蓄雨水，丰富居民的日常休闲活动；对用地较紧凑的已建街区，结合街区绿地、地下停车库、市政基础设施建设，修建地下雨水调蓄池。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在新建区，结合街区修建性详细规划，统筹规划建设雨水花园、地下雨水调蓄池、生态停车场、透水铺装硬地、透水人行道和绿色屋顶。根据街区用地条件、开发强度、建筑密度等因素，确定修建雨水花园或地下雨水调蓄池。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上海对此已有明确规定要求：建成区改造人行道、广场、停车场、公园的透水铺装率均大于30%，新建公园的透水铺装率大于50%。规划用地2h<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>以上新建建筑物要配套建设雨水调蓄设施，硬化面积大于1h<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>及以上的地块按照不低于250<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>/h<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">m</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 34px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></sup></span>的标准配建雨水调蓄设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">笔者提出上述策略，以期推进高地下水位城市的海绵城市合理和有效地建设。</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献</strong><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1	戴慎志. 上海海绵建设策略研究[J]. 上海,  2016(1): 9-12.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">DAI Shenzhi. From Comprehensive Defense to Resilient Cities: Strategic Conception of Shanghai’s City Security in the New Normal[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2016(1): 9-12.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2	住房城乡建设部. 海绵城市建设技术指南——低影响开发雨水系统构建(试行)[Z].2014.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Technical Guide for Building Sponge Cities: Construction of Low-Impact Rainwater System (Trial)[Z]. 2014.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">3	上海市人民政府办公厅. 关于贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于推进海绵城市建设的指导意见》的实施意见[Z]. 2015.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. Opinions on Implementing the “Guideline of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting Sponge City Construction”[Z]. 2015.</span></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请在后台留言</span></strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">封面图片源自上海市人民政府网</span></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: left top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官方投稿网址</strong></span>：http://www.planning.com.cn</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微博</span></strong></span>：http://weibo.com/cityplanningreview</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号</span></strong></span>：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电子期刊</span></strong></span>：App Store搜索“”(支持iPad下载)</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内统一刊号</span></strong></span>：CN 11-2378/TU</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国际标准刊号</span></strong></span>：ISSN 1002-1329</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: right bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="275" data-ratio="0.5255731922398589" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaRRGMYpf5IMDDYv7hrsYzbm1Qy3NypQme09sqSMlEUWG1vmPfwqSUtjvVM8SBic3ibtxZWav0XPyqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注、分享、在看与点赞，至少我要拥有一个吧~</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="20" width="20px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaJFLUlbXfibjg54O3pjJDnRYf7lfCu47bXg1ztShDVrvKZK69YMLpYSvIgoWWgwuSH1fndo4kAtXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: text-bottom;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 20px !important;"  /></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></p></section></section>
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