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<p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【文章编号】1002-1329 (2020)07-0091-11</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【中图分类号】TU984.11</span><sup style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">+</span></sup><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【文献标识码】A</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【doi】10.11819/cpr20200712a</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【作者简介】</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.5em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">司马晓</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1964-)，男，硕士，深圳市设计研究院有限公司院长、教授级高级工程师，中国学会常务理事。<br  /></span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.5em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">赵广英</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1986-)，男，深圳市设计研究院有限公司主任规划师、高级工程师，哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)博士研究生，中国学会会员。</span></section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.5em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">李  晨</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1969-)，男，硕士，深圳市设计研究院有限公司总师室主任、副总规划师、教授级高级工程师，中国学会会员。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文刊载于《》杂志2020年第7期。</span></strong></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em 0.1em 0em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(214, 0, 74);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.5em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">精彩导读</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding: 1em 0.5em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;width: auto;height: auto;overflow: hidden;border-top: 0.1em dashed rgb(214, 0, 74);line-height: 1.4em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【摘要】</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的背景下，探索存量规划时代的社区规划治理体系，是深圳实现社区规划治理现代化的重要内容。研究认为，深圳的社区规划治理具有手段的从属性、社会矛盾的复杂性、基层规划技术力量薄弱和“强治理与弱治理”共存等典型特征，又呈现出以存量规划为主、规划技术成熟、人口结构失衡、社区服务需求滚动性等特殊性。在加强社区规划技术研究、管理制度建设及长效服务机制等方面，深圳的社区规划治理积累了可供借鉴和推广的经验，包括：率先探索了城市更新、土地整备等存量规划管理制度，不断加强规划对社区空间环境品质的治理能力；较早建立了社区规划师制度，形成了社区“生活圈”配套服务设施配置标准和留白机制；建设社区居民自治组织平台，完善社区规划服务体系，形成了社区规划服务动态调整机制等。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【关键词】<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: -webkit-standard;font-size: medium;text-align: start;text-size-adjust: auto;">居住区；城市更新；社区规划师；公共服务设施</span></span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">RESEARCH ON APPROACHES TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMMUNITY PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN SHENZHEN</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ABSTRACT：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">In the context of building a pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, exploring Shenzhen’s community planning and governance system in the stock-based planning era is an important part of the modernization of community planning and governance in Shenzhen. This paper holds that, Shenzhen’s community planning and governance system not only has typical characteristics such as planning approach dependence, complex social contradictions, weak technical force at the level of grassroots planning, and coexistence of “strong governance and weak governance”, but also presents special features such as being dominated by the stock-based planning, mature planning techniques, unbalanced population structure, and rolling demand for community services. In terms of strengthening the research on community planning techniques, management system, and long-term service mechanism, Shenzhen has accumulated useful experience in community planning and governance that can be used for reference and promotion: (1) taking the lead in exploring the technical system of stock-based planning and management, such as urban regeneration system and land readjustment system, and strengthening the planning’s governance capability in the environmental quality of community space; (2) establishing a system of “community planners”, and setting up configuration standards and reservation mechanisms for the supporting service facilities in the “community life circle”; (3) building a self-governance platform for community residents, improving the community planning service system, and establishing a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the community planning service.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">KEYWORDS：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">residential area; urban regeneration; community planners; public service facilities</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 引言</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 10px 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">“社区”一词源于德国社会学家滕尼斯(Ferdinand T?nnies)所著的《Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft》一书。“Gemeinschaft”本意指由于血缘、情感关系结成的共同生活体，在英文中被译为“community”，泛指联系紧密的社会群体。后来，芝加哥学派赋予了其“地域边界”的内涵，并被学界所接受。我国学者费孝通认为，社区是一定地域、人口社会生活的共同体[1]，杨贵庆认为还包括维护共同体利益的管理组织[2]。社区与住区最大的区别在于社区对人和社会的关注，其本质是特定人群的文化认同。“治理”(governance)一词，源于20世纪90年代詹姆斯·N.罗西瑙(James N.Rosenau)在公共管理领域提出的治理理论，该理论侧重协调性的制度安排[3]。格里·斯托克(Gerry Stoker)认为治理的本质在于机制，而不依赖于政府权威和制裁，这与政治学领域强调以政府治权管理公共事务有很大的不同[4]。治理是建立多面、网络状的作用关系，强调协同、协作，是少数人执行多数人的需求；而管理依赖于自上而下的权威，强调贯彻，是少数人决定多数人需求的树状结构。从社区管理到社区治理，是政策治理、技术治理和反馈治理的融合，体现了规划价值取向的转变。本文语境中的“社区”特指具有地域空间性和社会关系性的地理空间单元，“社区规划治理”泛指政府、自治团体在社区规划事务中的管理模式、决策方式、服务机制等制度设计活动。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">社区作为基层治理的主体，是居民生活的基本单元，是实现社区共建、共治、共享的载体。2017年4月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于加强和完善城乡社区治理的意见》(中发〔2017〕13号)，提出“健全城乡社区治理体系”；2017年10月召开的党的十九大进一步明确社会治理的工作重点为“社区治理体系建设”；2019年10月召开的党的十九届四中全会提出“坚持和完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，推动社会治理和服务重心向基层下移”。总之，加强社区规划、完善社区规划治理体系，是实现社区治理能力现代化的重要内容，也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容和重要抓手。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 国内外相关研究综述 </span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1  国内外社区规划治理的理论与实践</span></strong><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">二战后，无论是美国的社区行动计划(community action program)、模范城市计划(model city program)，还是英国和法国的邻里规划(neighborhood planning)，西方国家盛行通过城市更新开展社区发展运动，解决贫民窟、老城重建和新市镇扩张等问题[5-7]。随后，在新自由主义的影响下，社区规划治理从政府主导进入资本驱动的时期[8]，在雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs)、希利(Patsy Healey)等学者尖锐的批判和反思下，大规模的拆除重建逐步被社区可持续规划所取代[9]。西方国家社区规划治理的经验主要体现在政府授权机制、政策制度建设、非政府组织参与以及治理模式与资本运行规律的契合性等方面[10-13]。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我国学者也分别从存量规划[14-15]、治理制度建设[16-17]、空间结构和设施服务体系[18-19]、规划管理[20-21]等视角，探索社区规划治理理论，并在此基础上，形成了诸多社区规划治理模式，如深圳的城市更新、土地整备等存量规划模式，武汉的“益居社”[22]，南京的“居民互助”[23]，上海和沈阳的“社区共治”[24-25]，厦门的“共同缔造”[26]等。总之，传统的政府包揽、指令性规划逐步被协作式规划模式取代，社区规划变得更关注社会结构及其关系属性，更多地体现了资本、权利和空间的重构[27]。</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2  我国基层社区的规划治理制度</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从封建社会的街坊制、近代的保甲制，到计划经济时代的单位制、街居制，再到市场经济下的社区制，我国的城市社区治理体制经历了巨大的转变。1981年，深圳借鉴香港地区经验，推出了国内首个商品房小区(东湖丽苑)，并首次引入了物业管理模式。1982年，《中华人民共和国宪法》首次明确了居民委员会为群众性基层自治组织。1989年，《城市居民委员会组织法》明确了居委会在社区服务中的作用。1991年，国务院发布《关于全面推进城镇住房制度改革的意见》，正式确立了商品房及物业管理制度。同年，中国大陆第一个业主委员会(天景花园业主委员会)在深圳诞生。此后，“居委会+物业公司+业主委员会”的社区治理模式逐步得到了推广。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我国社区治理和规划建设制度可概括为内地(大陆)、香港地区和台湾地区三种基本模式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">一方面，三者在社区治理制度方面存在较大差异。内地(大陆)实施的是业主代表大会、物业公司、居委会的管理模式，台湾地区实施的是管理委员会制度，香港地区则是大厦公契制度和分级“委托-代理”制。三者虽然在授权方式和管理权限上略有差异，但本质上都属于“授权管理”“监督”并行的管理方式，区别在于授权和监督机制的完善程度不同。授权和监督机制的不完善造成了社区治理中诸多的权利纠纷、服务不均衡、空间与管理矛盾等问题[28](表1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.71953125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50WGknpfwrpJP3ltsnuhqCLkQicrwOP9p56JvoGACkXC8cRDATFXakurQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表1  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内地(大陆)、香港地区、台湾地区社区治理制度的差异</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1 Differences in community governance systems by regions in China</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注：1.表中信息：内地（大陆）根据《城市房地产管理法》《物业管理条例》及《物权法》整理，台湾地区根据《公寓大厦管理条例》整理，香港地区根据《建筑物管理条例》整理。2.“消极多数决”：一般不少于5%的业主要求下即可申请召开业主大会，解散管理委员会须超过占全体业主20%的业主同意，撤换物业管理企业仅需超过半数的出席会议的业主同意，其他事项仅需占全体业主的10%的业主同意。</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">另一方面，三者的社区规划建设制度在空间尺度、开发强度和设施配套方面也存在较大的差异。内地(大陆)的居住社区多呈现出尺度大、容积率高、封闭式管理等特点，虽然相关的规范文件中对住宅区的地块大小、容积率和开放式街区早有规定，但是大社区、高容积率、封闭的居住形式仍然十分普遍。而台湾地区、香港地区的居住空间则是以小地块、大街区的模式开发，不同之处在于台湾地区容积率比较低，而香港地区受土地空间限制，普遍采用高容积率(表2)。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.2828125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50Oq6SBC8jDGHOnXicPvK9cdcKPu7HvUE7UX4JoOyNGoSb7eK3ib8hUI4Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表2  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内地(大陆)、香港地区、台湾地区社区开发政策的差异</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.2 Differences in community development policies by regions in China</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.3  小结</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">国外学者关于社区规划治理的研究比较关注政府授权机制、政策制度建设、非政府组织的参与以及社区可持续发展等方面，而我国学者的研究主要集中在存量土地开发、社区治理制度、社区服务设施和生活圈规划、空间场所营造、社区治理模式等方面，对社区的规划技术、规划管理制度、长效服务机制等方面论证较少。西方发达国家的政府授权机制、社区自治组织平台建设和制度保障机制等社区规划治理经验，对完善我国规划治理体系具有借鉴意义。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">此外，虽然内地(大陆)、香港地区和台湾地区在社区规划治理制度模式上存在较大的差异，但处于改革开放最前沿的深圳，在社区空间尺度、开发强度、设施配套和社区治理体制方面汲取了各地的经验，并结合自身的特点，对社区规划治理技术、制度和长效服务机制建设方面进行了改善。因此，分析深圳社区规划治理的典型性、特殊性特征，总结深圳社区规划治理体系的改善途径，有利于探索与社会经济发展阶段相匹配的社区规划治理制度，为其他城市社区规划治理体系的完善提供借鉴经验。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 深圳社区规划治理特征</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 15px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳社区规划治理除了具有规划治理手段的从属性、社会矛盾复杂、基层技术力量薄弱、“强治理与弱治理”共存等典型特征外，还具有以存量规划为主、社区空间环境塑造能力强、人口年龄结构失衡、社区服务需求滚动等方面的特殊性。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，作为全国第一个“全面城市化”的城市，深圳先于大多数城市，面临土地空间、资源等“难以为继”等问题。深圳的社区规划治理除了传统的社区规划外，更多地体现出城市更新、土地整备、综合整治规划等特色。其次，通过城市更新单元(含土地整备项目)、法定图则个案调整等手段，将海绵城市、空间物理环境(噪声、日照、通风等)、韧性城市建设等领域的规划管控要求和具体控制措施，融入到社区层面，提高规划对社区环境的技术干预能力。再次，截止到2018年底，深圳常住人口为1302.66万人，而青年、中年人口(18～59岁)占全市人口比例达83.53%，老年人口(≥60岁)占比为6.65%，儿童(≤17岁)占比9.82%，平均年龄33岁[32]，这样的人口年龄构成决定了社区规划治理需求的年轻化，也决定了在社区治理中人口对居住、设施服务、公共活动、交通出行等各方面需求的特殊性和时间维度上的滚动性(图1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5078125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50qM4kkOgIWbfvwrKCfXVRRlwkfM0rlfqsFOJ254TFDGK8LhHW8BtS7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图1  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市社区规划治理的典型特征与特殊性</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1 Typical characteristics and particularities of Shenzhen’s community planning and governance</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：图1-图6均为笔者自绘。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">作为中国特色社会主义先行示范区和粤港澳大湾区中心城市，改革开放40年来，深圳管理的经验、面临的突出矛盾和问题，决定了其城市发展阶段的主要矛盾和社区规划治理的典型性、特殊性，也反映了居民社区规划治理需求的特点。深圳存量规划治理、社区环境品质塑造的需求最为突出，有条件在社区规划师制度、社区生活圈设施配套等领域较早地建立社区治理制度，加强自治组织平台、服务体系和动态调整机制建设；在社区的规划技术、管理制度、长效服务机制等方面，形成可借鉴、可复制，对全国具有示范引领作用的社区规划治理经验(图2)。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.60234375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50y3QvG1EESyuZR4ic0ry0rGszUIqD9740ewvNnUktAUzqRdhhCQfIQbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图2  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市社区规划治理体系的改善途径</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2 Approaches to the improvement of Shenzhen’s community planning and governance system</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 深圳社区规划治理体系的改善途径</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.1  提升社区规划治理技术，提高规划治理能力</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.1.1  探索存量规划技术体系</span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳先后制定了《深圳市城市更新办法》(2009年)及《深圳市城市更新办法实施细则》(2012年)，之后，又相继出台了大量配套的政府规范性文件，面向国有土地在社区层面形成了基于利益博弈、制度导控的城市更新机制，在保障居民经济利益、改善居住环境的同时，提供更多的公共空间，改善公共服务设施的供给能力。此外，在深圳的662个社区中，有42%的待转型社区，掌握着全市1/3的土地，无法通过城市更新进行改造[33]。针对集体土地的存量规划管理问题，2015年深圳制定了《深圳市土地整备利益统筹试点项目管理办法》，后又陆续补充了大量配套政策。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">目前，深圳在城市更新、土地整备等存量规划方面，已经形成了较为完备的法规、规章、技术规范体系，建立了“市—区—片区—单元”多层级的存量规划管理制度。城市更新、土地整备已成为释放存量土地潜力、促进经济发展、协调各方利益矛盾、改善建成环境的主要途径(表3)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.31640625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50aO5zqgldWkkAowVkuibibiaLoXJT7iciaibUDNcqBSN7SgQNjAt5ibiakq4UhQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表3  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市存量土地规划模式探索</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.3 Exploration on stock land planning mode of Shenzhen</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">据统计，2012年以来，深圳市通过存量规划途径供应的土地已经连续6年超过200h</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">，2017年达到了261h<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>，城市更新已成为深圳土地供应的主要来源。截止到2018年6月，深圳市已列入城市更新计划的项目695个，拆除用地面积53.18k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>；已批城市更新规划项目420项，规划批准开发建设用地22.35k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>，批准总建筑面积1.17亿<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>[34]。2017—2019年，全市分别完成土地整备任务12.2k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>、13.0k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>、16.0k<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>[35]。此外，综合整治类的城市更新项目同样取得了较好的实施成果，仅2016、2017年，就分别完成综合整治建筑面积49.0万<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>、116.0万<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>[36]。</span><br  /></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">存量规划还极大地提升了城市空间环境品质，如福田区水围柠盟人才公寓改造项目，通过对城中村的环境整治和功能植入，有效地提升了城中村的空间环境品质和业态环境，成为了城市更新的经典案例。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.1.2  强化规划对社区空间环境品质塑造</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳在城市更新(含土地整备)、海绵城市、建筑物理环境、韧性城市建设等领域的规划实践，已经形成了成熟的规划管理制度体系，在社区空间环境品质塑造和规划管控传导体系的建设方面走在了全国前列。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">一方面，深圳在《深圳市城市更新单元规划编制技术管理规定》《深圳市土地整备利益统筹项目编制技术管理规定》等技术规范文件中，逐步增加了对海绵城市、建筑物理环境、城市设计(空间控制)、生态修复等内容的具体要求和规定。通过社区层面的海绵城市建设，噪声、日照、通风环境的设计，提高了规划对社区环境建设的技术干预能力(图3)。另一方面，通过将公园、公共开放空间、绿道、公交首末站、社区服务设施、小学、幼儿园等公共服务设施融入到各级规划和存量规划政策之中，形成了物业移交、开发容积率奖励和转移机制，极大地促进了社区服务设施的建设(图4)。如罗湖区南湖街道友谊城城市更新单元规划项目，由于地块面积狭小，规划通过补缴地价的方式减少其土地贡献(资金用于其他区域土地收储)，设立了垂直的架空层公共空间并融入开发建设空间，实现了公共利益与开发效益的平衡(图5)。</span></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6765625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA5044PgeFwK6Kpn75Wu8tFCvQ99ylc41x0tibmTpklMhnHS0SYfDGibgBoQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图3  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市拆除重建类城市更新单元规划的技术要点</span></strong></section><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3 Technical points of demolition- and reconstruction-based urban regeneration unit planning in Shenzhen</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.30078125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50X7vlLSGkzONJsA1ZluibGYKLtbav2pQvpyt2UoXNdTicwTjF9Ly5Gt5w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图4  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市城市更新单元规划容积率测算与转移、奖励机制</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4 FAR measurement and calculation and transfer and award mechanisms in the urban regeneration unit planning in Shenzhen</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 25px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注：根据《深圳市拆除重建类城市更新单元规划容积率审查规定》(2019年)，城市更新项目除要求配套的政策性住房计入基础容积率，其余按其建筑面积奖励1倍建筑面积；附建公共服务设施、市政基础设施，按其建筑面积1倍及以上奖励建筑面积。其中，社区健康服务中心、老年人日间照料中心按其建筑面积的2倍计入奖励面积；垃圾转运站、变电站等设施，按其建筑面积的3倍计入奖励面积；为连通城市公交场站、轨道站点或重要公共空间，经核准设置24小时无条件对公众开放的地面通道、地下通道、架空连廊，并有实施主体承担建设责任及费用的，按其对应投影面积奖励1倍建筑面积；保留已纳入城市紫线或主管部门认定有保留价值的历史风貌建筑物、构筑物，按照其保留建筑物、构筑物面积的1.5倍奖励建筑面积。</span></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.65078125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50sem22W16bcAqk9Mzlug9qC8MQiaxYtrGe0ticxTbLSp4KGQn6HO22xaw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.3734375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50gia6gsx0jDx2wMlEGTfEq3OmZxVjxM5iaTPDWVmqgWnl8UamWALN8ItA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图5  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市罗湖区南湖街道友谊城城市更新项目中的公共空间规划</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5 Public space planning in the urban regeneration project of Friendship City in Nanhu Sub-District, Luohu District, Shenzhen</span></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.2  加强社区规划管理制度建设，促进规划治理现代化</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.2.1  探索社区规划师制度建设</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">社区规划师制度源于20世纪60年代，英美国家在区域自治基础上探索的社区规划[37]。英美国家的社区规划师充当着规划设计、活动组织、公众参与等角色，多作为政府、社区和开发集团之间的技术沟通纽带。而在我国台湾地区，社区规划师作为一项社会管理制度，是社区规划、管理和社区自治的主体。深圳实践的社区规划师兼有以上特点。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">自2001年起，深圳龙岗区⑤、龙华区通过不断完善社区规划制度，明确社区规划师的角色定位，使之能够成为规划编制、管理和建设环节中的“设计者”“协调者”“管理者”。2012年，《深圳市规划和国土资源委员会社区规划师制度实施方案(试行)》颁布实施，社区规划师制度开始全面推广。社区规划师具有清晰的权责边界、干部考核要求，兼具专业技术服务人员、领导干部双重身份。深圳的社区规划师制度源于政府对治理机制的反思和改进，通过向社区延伸服务职能，完善自上而下的政府治理体系，实现自下而上的反馈治理。社区规划师在规划编制、组织协调、规划管理等主要环节中发挥积极作用，既把控宏观、中观层面的规划统筹工作，又深入微观的实施操作层面，实现跟踪服务机制，对于搭建供需精准对接的沟通平台，实现高品质、内涵式规划治理，发挥规划师专业优势、居民自治优势等方面具有积极的意义。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">10余年来，深圳社区规划师制度在规划管理与技术融合方面取得了一定的成效。以观澜古墟镇为例，作为早期开展社区规划师挂点的社区，观澜古墟及贵湖塘老围周边城市设计经历了长达10年的马拉松式规划咨询。历史风貌保护与开发的矛盾、利益诉求多元与空间增量不均衡的矛盾使得改造工作难度上升、进展缓慢。在社区规划师的协调下，古墟镇的“墟”和“围”等岭南文化瑰宝得以继承，政府主导的改造运营方案也得到了顺利实施，成为历史风貌街区更新改造工作协调机制的成功样本(图6)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5671875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA509TZIrALiacDotRqiaACAvtIfbE6nRkAMibOIeDEb0sIno3ye2Mv1L2BTg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图6  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市观澜古墟镇社区规划师工作机制</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Fig.6</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> Working mechanism of community planners in Mission Hills, Shenzhen</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.2.2  强化社区“生活圈”配套服务设施的配置标准</span><br  /></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">就“生活圈”建设而言，深圳社区服务设施正在逐步向15min社区生活圈集中。一方面，共享单车、发达的轨道网络，使得依赖于步行的生活圈体系受到巨大的冲击，传统意义上基于步行距离设置的幼儿园、小学、社康中心等服务设施，逐步向更综合、品质更高的中心集聚，社区服务的获取范围不断扩大。另一方面，以轨道站点为核心的社区商业中心不断建设，大型商业、文化、综合服务性质的设施不断增加，15min生活圈内服务设施逐步萎缩，不利于社区公共服务体系的完整，降低了其抗击突发事件的应对能力。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">多年来，在《深圳市标准与准则》(以下简称《深标》)的动态修订中，不断完善各级公共服务设施的配套标准，特别是社区级服务设施的配置。为应对社区服务设施规划建设的不确定性，提高社区服务能力，1997版、2004版、2014版《深标》中社区配套设施的设置标准不断提高和优化(表4)。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.03828125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaxG4IjwqgKX0YI4YHubA50OKGEDC5HmxNbnRQorrFjklYYnzIWv8wkHxMPrD4MIk2YnGicCVgs2Fw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表4  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">深圳市社区公共服务设施配置标准变化</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.4 Changes in configuration standards of community public service facilities in Shenzhen</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">此外，充分考虑预留设施转变用途和弹性管控的需要，2016年发布的《关于加强和改进城市更新实施工作的暂行措施》在《深标》的基础上，又增配50%且不小于1000<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 16px;">m</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sup><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;">2</span></sup></span>的社区级公共配套用房，具体功能在建设用地规划许可前明确，进一步加大了设施配套力度，提升了公共设施的服务水平。</span><br  /></p><p style="margin: 15px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.3  加强社区规划长效服务机制，保障规划治理服务水平</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.3.1  加强居民自治组织平台建设</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">搭建衔接高效、管理有序的政府服务、居民自治组织平台，是建构居民自治体系、强化自治能力的重要保障。尽管《深圳经济特区物业管理条例》为明确社区治理主体及各类群体的权利、义务和社区的日常管理提供了基本的依据，但社区治理中仍存在业主与物业力量悬殊、收费使用不透明、设施维护维修困难等问题。深圳先后制定了大量的配套制度文件，不断完善社区治理中的立法、制度体系建设，弥补物业管理条例的不足，推进基层治理平台的建设。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.3.2  完善社区规划服务体系</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳通过建设更加成熟的社区服务机制，实现居民基础服务、便民服务、外部服务的有效衔接，形成了以社区公共管理服务设施为主体、生活服务设施为配套、商业服务网点为补充的社区服务设施体系，建立了网点健全、空间融合、服务共享、信息智慧化的社区服务网络。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.3.3  建立社区服务动态调整机制</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在社区党群服务、社区规划师制度的基础上，建立科研事业单位的对口帮扶服务机制，改变以往一次性规划服务配置模式，实行年度社区服务评估、完善政策。设立社区服务专项治理基金，建立社区服务动态调整机制，以此解决社区服务设施“建而不管”“缺乏维护、监督机制”等问题，应对社区的公共空间、公共服务设施、社区服务等进行适度动态调整，加强对未来发展变化的适应能力，提高社区服务与居民需求的匹配度。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳的社区规划治理取得了理想的成效。在2018年广东省城乡社区治理十大创新经验评选中，深圳市福田区的“四+”理念社区治理新路径、南山区的民生微实事打通“最后一公里”双双入选；罗湖区“一核多方”的社区共治体系、盐田区的社区工作者职业化改革、宝安区的“民族之家”服务平台、龙岗区的“民生大盆菜”、龙华区的“一核二重三每四化五强”社区工作法，也成功入选2018年度广东省城乡社区治理创新经验。</span></p><section><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</p></section><section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 结论</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 15px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">深圳对社区规划治理体系的完善，集中体现在加强社区规划治理技术研究、加强社区规划管理制度建设、加强社区规划长效服务机制三个方面。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，深圳率先形成了城市更新、土地整备等存量规划管理机制，有效地规范了土地紧约供给条件下的社区发展、改造和拆除重建等问题；通过建立完备的法规、规章、技术规范体系，提高了规划对社区环境的技术干预能力；同时，统筹社区规划中多元利益平衡、社区安全、设施服务能力、空间环境品质等方面的技术，提高规划技术治理水平。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次，深圳较早建立了社区规划师制度，通过不断完善社区规划师制度，发挥社区规划师在社区规划编制、组织协调、规划管理等主要环节中的积极作用，有效弥补了基层技术力量的不足；通过强化“社区生活圈”服务设施的配置标准，加大了设施配套力度，提升了公共设施服务水平。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">最后，深圳通过制度体系建设，建立了政府管理、居民自治组织平台的衔接、互动机制，探索整合社区自治组织，不断强化集体自治能力，完善社区规划服务体系，形成更加成熟的城乡社区服务机制。同时，通过建立社区规划服务动态调整机制，加强对未来发展变化的适应能力，提高社区服务与居民需求的匹配程度。</span></p><section donone="shifuMouseDownCard('shifu_c_027')" style="margin-top: 2em;padding-top: 0.5em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;font-size: 1em;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-decoration: inherit;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 27.2px;border-radius: 4px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(166, 166, 166);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -1.8em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 8px 12px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;display: inline-block;border-color: rgb(183, 184, 184);background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注释</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 25px 16px 5px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;">①	数据整理自香港特别行政区政府地政总署公布的卖地信息，https：//www.landsd.gov.hk/sc/landsale/recor-ds.htm。</span></p><section style="margin: 5px 16px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;">②	资料来源：中国台湾地区“财产法”第53条。</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 16px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;">③	资料来源：中国台湾地区“都市计划法”，2010年。</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 16px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;">④	资料来源：中国台湾地区“都市计划法实施细则”，2012年。</span></section><section style="margin: 5px 16px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: inherit;">⑤	自2001年起，以深圳市龙岗区委员会(现改为龙岗区发展委员会)为主要责任部门，启动实施了“顾问规划师制度”，通过安排副处级及以上干部挂点社区，以顾问规划师身份参与编制龙岗区各镇、社区规划，旨在加强龙岗区快速城市化过程中的规划管理体制建设。</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 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Shenzhen Completes Land Readjustment of No Less Than 16 Square Kilometers This Year[N/OL].Shenzhen Special Zone Daily，2019-08-08[2020-03-20].http://sz.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2019/0808/c202846-33226513.html.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">36	司马晓，岳隽，杜雁，等. 深圳城市更新探索与实践[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社，2019:191.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">SIMA Xiao，YUE Jun，DU Yan，et al. Exploration and Practice of Urban Regeneration in Shenzhen[M]. Beijing：China Architecture & Building Press，2019:191.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">37JESSOP B，BRENNER N，JONES M. Theorizing Sociospatial Relations[J]. Environment ＆ Planning D:Society ＆ Space，2008(3):389-401.</span></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请在后台留言</span></strong></span></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信改版后</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">好多人说不能很方便找到我了</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其实把咱们</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“城</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市规划”置顶</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就可以啦</span></strong></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">只需要</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5秒钟哟~</span></strong></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9203125" data-type="gif" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SdNVtxmtcRiarCYiclbibw0tx4nuld0vwU9ScXl6gq8Bpbh8o8yZlxbo8y8jBcCBC74ubpiaHy1ic6k3wcqJbCFBWBA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 640px !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: left top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官方投稿网址</strong></span>：http://www.planning.com.cn</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微博</span></strong></span>：http://weibo.com/cityplanningreview</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号</span></strong></span>：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电子期刊</span></strong></span>：App Store搜索“”(支持iPad下载)</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内统一刊号</span></strong></span>：CN 11-2378/TU</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国际标准刊号</span></strong></span>：ISSN 1002-1329</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: right bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="275" data-ratio="0.5255731922398589" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaRRGMYpf5IMDDYv7hrsYzbm1Qy3NypQme09sqSMlEUWG1vmPfwqSUtjvVM8SBic3ibtxZWav0XPyqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注、分享、在看与点赞，至少我要拥有一个吧~</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="20" width="20px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaJFLUlbXfibjg54O3pjJDnRYf7lfCu47bXg1ztShDVrvKZK69YMLpYSvIgoWWgwuSH1fndo4kAtXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: text-bottom;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 20px !important;"  /></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></p></section></section>
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