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<section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -1em;padding: 20px 10px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">栏目主笔 | <strong>叶祖达</strong><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">香港规划师学会原会长，北京大学设计中心研究员，城怡商务咨询(上海)有限公司创始人，新加坡南洋理工大学初创公司(南科创新)联席创始人。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p style="margin-top: 20px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><iframe src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=n0145j4wsxo&auto=0" width="100%" height="580" frameborder="0"></iframe></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="434" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="600" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG4FD06dY2T0R4TleI6A9jCKZFAL0ibh13NK07UMx4e35tomhCYScjV5gQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 578px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 电影《情书》海报</span></strong></section><section><br  /></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一句电影对白， 把我带到北海道</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">今年十月初我来到日本北海道的札幌市，再转乘30 分钟火车到达位于札幌西边40 公里的小樽，一个只有120,000 人口的卫星城市。旅程的目的之一是为了满足我心中的一个期待：寻找多年前看过的一部电影内的实景1。《情书》的拍摄场景主要在小樽， 电影是日本导演岩井俊二2 的《情书》，女主角是中山美穗，在1995 年首次放映。电影于1996年在香港上映时我看过，其后也在台湾、新加坡和北美公映。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">电影《情书》说的是女主角渡边博子在未婚夫藤井树过世三年后仍无法忘怀两人的旧日时光，在偶然的机会下，她写了一封短信寄给未婚夫，用的是他学生时代的地址。她在第一封信中写下：“藤井树敬启，你好吗？我很好！”。这封送给天国的信件，本该永远石沉大海，但博子居然收到了回音。回信的是未婚夫以前的同班同名女同学藤井树。基于对爱人的思念，渡边博子继续和这名藤井树通信，而女藤井树也在不断写信的过程中，回忆起那个和她同名同姓的男孩子的故事，以及那段没有说出口的爱情与错失。渡边博子出于好奇探究当年这两个藤井树之间的初恋，却发现自己原来很可能是女藤井树的替代，因为她们有一模一样的长相。电影最后真相大白，把前尘往事与今时爱恋绕出了一段凄美的故事。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我花了两天时间，在小樽各处寻找多年前对这部电影的情怀，每到一个场景浏览，《情书》的感人情节都在我眼前清晰浮现。</span></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 小樽的前世与今生</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 8px 15px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">来过小樽的旅客都会被这个城市的历史建筑和老城区内的街景深深感染。走在小樽市内，你看到的是它的前世与今生。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 0em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.75" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG420X4IPaZ23KaOKEibhRP8ibpmSOsv350TtopOr69BRENpM34c4Ghc6fA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 640px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong> </span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小樽街景</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 15px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">150年前，日本的北海道开始经济起飞，它的历史是一个城市成长的经典过程：在明治时代之后，小樽成为北海道的重要港口。1890年代之后，人口与商贸活动急速增长。1890年代，日本银行在小樽开设支行，小樽的经济开始向金融服务发展，有“北方华尔街”之称。二战之后，它取代函馆成为北海道的商业和金融中心。1950年代开始，随着北海道的政治和经济机能开始向札幌转移，小樽市的商业中心地位被札幌取代。1960年代之后，北海道的煤矿陆续关闭，小樽港的贸易量减少，往日的华尔街繁华不再。但历史却又再次推动城市的嬗变。1980年代之后，小樽的旅游业发展明显，每年观光客有10%的增加率。2005年，观光客的消费额已占小樽市内生产总值的11%。今天，小樽是日本北海道一个国内外旅客必到的小镇，是北海道旅客向往的焦点。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市的死而复生：小樽运河</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 8px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">小樽运河兴建于1923年，这条宽40米的河道当时全长1.3公里，全盛时期运河沿岸有88座仓库。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">然而从1960年代起小樽港口功能减退，小樽运河也失去了其功能。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">1960年代，为解决交通堵塞问题，当地政府曾计划将运河掩埋的方案纳入当中，但却引发当地居民的强烈反对，并发起了保护运河的市民运动。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">这一运动在日本都市景观保护运动史上有重要地位3。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">这个“运河保存运动”整整持续了16年，最终敲定将河宽的一半填土造路，利用余下的河床打造街心公园。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">死而复生的运河，也因此成为小樽的标志和旅游热点。</span><br  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 0em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.75" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG4CLv3OIRzEqk5vU2z6EO21FuVB2gtdUxq16c1MoK8qibkslIXbicMojgw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong> </span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小樽的玻璃工艺店和工作室：北一硝子三号馆</span></strong></section><p style="margin: 20px 8px 15px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我当然不会错过这个旅游热点。在一个秋凉的晚上，我走在小樽运河岸边的石板路上，欣赏缓缓流动的运河与对岸的仓库建筑。昔日作为船运货物集散地的石造仓库一字排开，静静地守望着历史巨轮的流转。历史巨轮也把仓库的生命延续：仓库有了新用途，它们今天是旅客和居民热爱的文旅、餐饮、精品商店空间。小樽运河和其沿岸的散步路已成为小樽观光的名片，运河沿岸的仓库也被改造为观光景点。作为旅游卖点，玻璃工艺在小樽盛行，我走到最有名的玻璃工艺店和工作室：北一硝子三号馆驻足观看。这里每天都有形式各异的玻璃制品从火焰中诞生，你可以近距离观察到吹玻、火焰烧制和喷砂等工序，这是旅客必到之地。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 0em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="749" data-ratio="0.75" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG4Fd7sZvscymm7ca2aCdPJouZNiavBLpUmHalnO9sTvavZIY342sAgbgQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 小樽运河沿岸仓库改造的观光景点</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我突然想起电影《情书》中暗恋着博子的玻璃工艺师秋叶，在电影中他知道博子一直放不下她那在天国的未婚夫藤井树，还以为藤井树在天国回信给她。戏中有一场情节十分感动我：秋叶在运河边上的一个玻璃精品工作室内，在一张长长的木质桌子旁，他向自己对博子漫长深沉的爱妥协。我记得镜头拉高，两个人隔着张桌子，似隔着条宽阔的运河，电影描述了一段感情的无奈。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 过去与未来的无奈：“ 北方华尔街 ”</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 8px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第二天，我特意到市中心看这个被一度奉为“北方华尔街”的城区。这里曾是北海道的经济心脏，聚集了北海道内数量最多的银行，约20多家。今天这些20世纪初建造的历史性建筑物改作旅游资源以各种形式被活化利用。“旧北海道拓殖银行小樽分行”建于1923年, 现在是“似鸟美术馆”。“旧三井银行小樽分行”直接展示了当年的金库与会议室等昔日银行的风貌。“旧安田银行小樽分行”建于1930年，它保留了昭和初期典型的银行建筑式样，现在是日式餐厅。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.3333333333333333" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1224" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG493srboA1QC74exkJ81aLzqNsMlM1Xib3DjB84kxeJt2rN3EKT8vGl6A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="text-align: center;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong></span><strong style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong> </span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">历史性银行建筑物改作旅游资源</span></strong></p><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 0em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.3333333333333333" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1224" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6v9QIrqvGSZDZSLvpXZlkG4JFwfO9V1Pm09tysnhSHBLvibeGGEBsOSsnNkOsgegegIMkRtMGVDN5Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="text-align: center;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;widows: 1;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></strong></span><strong style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 银行建筑改造成的日式餐厅</span></strong></section><p style="margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">坐在银行改造的餐厅往窗外看，我记得这个路口在电影《情书》中出现过：博子与秋叶来到小樽，他们寻访与博子长得一模一样的女藤井树，在家门口与她侧身而过。返回神户之前的博子站在路口，与骑着单车前来寄信的藤井树远距离相对，博子却感觉到那就是自己在寻觅的人。这场戏运用的镜头没有清晰地凸显著名地标建筑，但这里确是一度被称为“北方华尔街”的路口。<em><strong>我忽然觉得：在我们的城市中，过去与未来都缠绕着那解不开的无奈。</strong></em></span></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市都要面对 “ 生老病死 ”</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 8px 10px;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;">在电影《情书》背后的小樽市，人口正步向衰减。</span><br  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">1868年时，小樽有人口2230人，户数444户。随着小樽城市的快速发展，1920年日本首次人口普查时，小樽市有人口108,113人。当时小樽是北海道第二大人口城市，仅次于函馆，也是当时日本人口排名第13位的城市。自1959年开始，小樽市由人口流入城市转为人口流出城市，并在1987年开始，人口的自然增长率第一次转为负增长，人口老龄化和少子化问题呈现。2010年人口普查时，小樽市65岁以上人口占31.5%。2013年小樽市的生育率只有1.12，远低于日本当时平均水平的1.43。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><em><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">我们并不陌生小樽市的人口转变。城市人口和经济的萎缩表明，城市的内外社会经济条件发生了变化。</span></strong></em><span style="font-size: 16px;">第二次世界大战后，全球许多工业城市都发生了人口外迁和资本撤离，这促使西方学者对城市收缩或城市衰退的原因进行研究。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何规划城市的 “ 收缩”</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在我国，过去三十年参与建设的专业工作者都习惯了要应对城市的扩张，但如果突然说国内有不少城市人口在减少、经济在退减，就好像城市也有了“生老病死”，竟然开始慢慢“凋零”的话，可能有人会惊讶，或者回避，甚至不愿意接受这个客观的事实。现实是“收缩型城市”已首次出现在国家文件，2019年4月国家发展改革委发布的《2019年新型城镇化建设重点任务》文件提到，“收缩型中小城市要瘦身强体，转变惯性的增量规划思维，严控增量、盘活存量，引导人口和公共资源向城区集中”。在这个政策导向的背后，凸显了我们建设专业一直较少关注的问题：城市一样要面对“生老病死”，从高速度增长走向衰退。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首都经贸大学副教授吴康利用2007-2016年这十年的数据，识别出了80个（地级市24个，县级市56个）“收缩型城市”，占比12.1%，这些城市2016年人口数据少于2007年，且连续三个自然年人口增长为负数4。正如吴康教授说：“地理环境对城市发展的影响还是比较大的。过去讲‘靠山吃山，靠水吃水’，有一些城市，如果原来依靠的某种东西没有了，又没有新的东西来替代，就真的有可能会衰落”。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">如何规划城市的“收缩”？我们的规划师可能会一度束手无策！</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">规划师不需要就此陷入恐慌，认为人口多才是城市发展的正道，城市收缩就是要衰败了。<strong><em>过去我们的工作一度关注量的扩张，现在应该转到质的提升上，多关注城市就业、收入的提升。这是一种观念或者说规划逻辑价值取向的一种转变。</em></strong>我们这一代规划师在院校读书的时候，面对的学科内容关注的是如何通过土地空间扩张来解决高速度城镇化带来的经济社会需求；后来走上工作岗位，面对的又是地方政府一轮接一轮的造城浪潮，绝大部分经验累积都是有关把农地、绿地转化成为建设用地的方式， 以为我国城镇化的问题都是空间资源体量的问题。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-indent: 2em;"><em><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">笔者觉得师首先要了解“收缩型城市”是城市转型过程中空间利用优化质量的问题。面对城市的“生老病死”，要根据城市的社会、经济、人口实际情况，不能盲目去做规划。</span></strong></em><span style="font-size: 16px;">实际上很多中小型城市在人口上已经没有增长动力了，与其做量不如关注品质，需要在规划编制工作中了解城市过去与未来的关系，前世与今生的连接，在已有的基础上发掘“收缩型城市”发展和空间的转型方案。正如小樽从“北方华尔街”金融经济转化为特色旅游经济一样。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">岩井俊二在《情书》日文版电影特刊中接受访问时认为，回忆是推动自己的一大原动力。一般人以为过去是过去，现在是现在，两者互无关系。某个时机，回忆起过去的事情，自然会发现一些过去与现在的连带关系，反过来影响了现在的自己和未来应该走的路。</span></p><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0 0;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;-webkit-transform: scale(1, 0.5);transform-origin: 0 0;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"  /><section><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-top: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">注 释 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1  观光去寻找电影中看过难忘的情节所在的实景， 是一种现代自由行旅游方式， 笔者也是乐于此道之人。再者，来北海道的小樽寻回电影《情书》的拍摄场景， 笔者也不是第一人。</span></p></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">2  岩井俊二在日本国内的影响力并非十分高，但他的青春爱情电影《情书》和抒情主题作品在中国、香港以及台湾地区的年轻群体中具有相当高的知名度。在日本311 大地震后，岩井俊二的纪录片聚焦在震后福岛的实况，更获邀参加柏林国际电影节。2018 年，他在母亲的出生地大连拍摄了首部华语长片，由周迅主演的《你好，之华》，此片被认为是电影《情书》的延续。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3  傅舒兰. 日本《景观法》制定过程的基础研究【J】， 国际 2018 Vol.33, No.5：145-151. 傅舒兰指出，日本战后在围绕历史城镇保护的规划体制改革主要是由地方市民抗议经济发展带来漠视生态、破坏城镇环境等问题促发和推动。战后日本城市的快速增长和更新导致了各种景观问题，城市建设引发的景观纠纷在地方出现，导致不同城市均展开订立地方法令对城市建设的景观影响控制。日本于2004 年颁布的国家《景观法》立法，其中一个动力就是从1960 年代末开始地方景观纠纷和实际问题，促使地方政府早于国家开始了法律条例的制定， 从而进一步在意识形态上开辟了“自下而上”总结地方经验制定国家法律的通道。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4  每日经济新闻， 2019-4-16.每经专访首都经贸大学副教授吴康：人口减少不等同于城市收缩，城市收缩不等同于城市衰败。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft 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rgb(71, 193, 168);font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击下方阅读原文，更多精彩等着你哟~</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="20" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaG48wZ0e2qTVicxedq6CYKL0kzGfZRvCrk2s8Hlic0MIxn3IjaBod830cLDvWaOmkyib27tPFfbp4YQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: text-bottom;zoom: 1.14286;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 20px !important;"  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