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<p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上海已从增量建设为主的城市发展阶段进入存量更新为主的城市重塑阶段。本文基于上海市杨浦区鞍山三村社区公园微更新案例，以老旧小区内的老年弱势群体需求为导向，探讨社区微更新对于提升社区环境品质和增强社会包容性的重要作用，提出了应对弱势群体需求的规划对策，建立了贯穿规划全过程的公众参与机制和多方协作机制，推动老旧小区在新时代语境下的可持续发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -14px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区微更新动力机制和经验</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区微更新的动力机制</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">社会经济发展动力。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">社区微更新无论是作为城市更新的一种类型，还是作为改善人居环境的政府行为或社区自发行为都有着深厚社会经济背景和时代色彩。微更新出现在中国从增量建设为主向增量建设和存量优化并存的特殊城镇化历史阶段，从传统‘大拆大建’的粗放型建设方式，到关注零星地块、闲置地块、小微空间的内涵提升建设方式，改善社区空间环境是社会经济和城镇化发展到特定阶段的必然选择，是缩小市民生活环境品质差异的社会公平举措，也是社会人关怀提升的表现。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">居民生活诉求动力。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">在经历了近三十年的城市快速建设后，上海城市空间结构和社区环境已经形成，城市风貌和空间形象也趋于稳定。始建于20世纪50年代的工人新村，是当时社会经济发展的历史见证，也是城市人居环境建设的体现。由于社会经济的发展和时间推移，该类型小区“现已形成了人口密度高，设施老旧，公共空间杂乱的居住形态”（匡晓明，陆勇峰），居民十分关注空间环境的更新和设施品质的提升。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">社区文脉延续动力。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">“在城市历史遗产保护领域，“原真性”是国际间定义、评估和监控世界文化遗产的一项基本要素。事实上，此概念并不仅限于讨论历史建筑，我们正在生活的城市空间本身就具有复杂原真性的语境（卢永毅，2006）”。社区文脉的延续和演化正体现了城市对原真性的诉求，居民作为社区里在地生活的主体，“迫切想从对历史的怀旧和对都市意象的追求中寻求平衡和发展”（李彦伯，2016），而非大拆大建的推倒重来。社区微更新给予了居民这样的机会，以存续理念为推动力的社区微更新，本身作为一个过程，而不是结果，参与了对历史的创造中。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区微更新的经验</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上海近几年积极开展了微更新的规划和建设实践。2016年5月，启动“行走上海2016—社区空间微更新计划”，对11个微更新试点项目进行改造，利用多方社会资源，搭建专业人员参与城市建设的工作平台，引入志愿者、规划师、建筑师、景观师、艺术家和高校等社会资源，探索建立社区规划师制度，通过更新试点征集、设计方案评选、实施建设反馈等多个重要环节全过程的公众参与，充分调动社区居民和社区基层工作者的积极性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">杨浦区是上海微更新计划的主要试点，微更新实践主要分为街道公共空间改造和小区内部公共空间改造两大类别。从实践中总结了生态绿化、交通顺畅和社区文化品质提升的设计导向，规划目标是为居民提供文化展示、运动场所、交流场所、园艺体验等场所空间和活动体验。社区微更新将社会各方整合到同一平台，进行交流互动，加强居民之间的交往，增强了社会互动和社区活力，同时也是构建和获取社会资本的一种方式。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -14px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">老年弱势群体行为特征和活动空间分析</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区微更新的动力机制</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">鞍山三村小区位于上海市杨浦区，周边重要的公共活动空间包括松鹤公园、苏家屯路、同济大学、四平科技公园（图1）。四类公共空间活动场地和社区公园组成了类型各异、层级划分明确的开放空间体系，各自不同的空间特征和距离承担了居民不同的活动诉求。本次微更新改造的关键是提供精细化和包容性的设计，针对特定的人群需求提供交流和活动的场所（表1）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.76171875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLl84yluQmKyDiah0COYPEC6J8oEcCRgKMDbGI4qe1EnPNVLJviaRPYwkA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1 鞍山三村周边公共空间分布</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表1 鞍山三村周围公园类型及主要使用人群一览表</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.43435340572556763" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLuCrhbkFmEuoOn2qoJ5Vu9Q8HvRxzpmF5fwwGpBnHgicjJ3zk1MnffEg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1013" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区人群特征</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">鞍山三村社区始建于20世纪50年代，经历了上世纪70年代和世纪末两次修建，形成现状小区的居住空间形态。该小区的居住人口约2935人，约1300户，60岁以上人口占总人口比例为34.65%，50岁以上人口占总人数超过55%，15岁以下人口占总人口约9.85%，社区老龄化特征明显，社区公共空间和活动设施的主要使用对象以老年人和儿童为主，是一个典型的老龄化社区。目前小区的公共空间和公共设施同小区老龄化特征不匹配，设施供给和适用人群错位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园问题</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）植被缺乏设计和管理。小区的植被覆盖以高大乔木和低矮灌木混种为主，常绿乔木造成了冬天阳光少、夏天不通风、居民活动舒适度低。整体环境由于缺乏管理导致景观品质不高，树种的季相搭配和空间层次设计有待加强（图2）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.5703125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLYxDKGviaOf16cezUia8O82AFUlb2qqR3RC2Ga8hQRdCAj9KJhVjR2Kpw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2 社区公园中央大树及场地景观</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（2）公共设施匮乏。社区公园内现有健身器材较为单一且破旧，休息座椅布局不合理且数量较少，缺乏青少年和儿童活动场地和设施，北侧的老年大学和广场的人群流线存在相互干扰（图3）。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.6739640344018765" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLia0QBuWnib0maw6BaoKW5f0Vsp5cKa54IWQXvYwkZJxsY3q4uhicoccmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1279" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3 鞍山三村社区公园公共设施使用情况</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（3）空间环境品质低。公园主入口和次入口形象不佳，公园围墙老旧缺乏美感，垃圾转运站影响公园形象。由于分区不合理，造成部分活动场地使用率不高，存在消极空间。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.4</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">弱势群体行为活动特征分析</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">弱势群体是相对于强势群体或权利群体(privileged Class)而言的，该群体缺乏社会竞争力，老年人由于自身存在着生理衰老或病理衰老，生活自理能力下降，参与社会活动意识淡化，特别需要社会的援助和支持”（陈亚鹏， 2009）。结合上海市老龄化发展特点，将鞍山三村社区公园的老年使用人群划分为残疾老人、患病老人、体弱及高龄老人、空巢老人、异地老人、携孙老人和健康状况良好老人七种类型。采用目测观察、居民访谈、居委会座谈等研究方式，进行了分类、分时的行为特征调查和研究（表2）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表2 社区公园18小时人群活动</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.6395233366434955" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLprl6vqSIJIIBOmuZYNAxDKKKdRruiaygrgV4e9yrQqYfqKLe90r1Otg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1007" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">老年人在社区公园内的行为按照行为目的分为健身活动和社会交往活动两类，健身活动包括散步、健身、纳凉、晒太阳、打太极拳等，使用对象多为健身设施、活动场地、座椅、花架、亭廊一类，一般分片区聚集。社会交往活动包括聊天、下棋、亲子交流等（图4）。不同类型的老年人的活动特征和对空间及设施的使用诉求不同，分类需求及相应活动场地如下表（表3）。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表3 人群类型、活动内容和空间特征分析</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.376984126984127" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLy0cugF1ia5HpF9tGGS6yVO62V3yTibymwKrNuItiaj1JIDib927VcQia7vg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1008" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4 社区活动人群实录</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1.053125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLR6xCbn65a357leaEK6ibBht7baFXrT2EsAK9QVzWa0nhyzQ7p5TqicNg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">除此之外，结合健康理念在设计中植入疗愈性元素，更加符合老年人的疗养需求。夜间照明、雨棚、老年大学内公厕无坐便、中央大树修剪、垃圾桶、卫生打扫等长期维护需求是适用于各个年龄段的设计要点。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.5</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多元参与主体及各自诉求</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">建立多元参与机制是社区共建的基础，从前期调研、方案生成、方案评选、工程实施等各个阶段都应当让居民参与进来，充分倾听居民的声音。“公众”不仅限于居民，实际上是规划师、街道办、居委会、外小区居民、本小区居民等多方利益团体的总称。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">小区内居民作为社区公园的主要使用人群，需要充分的老年人和儿童活动设施与场地，同时满足交流需要的高品质绿化和场地空间，主要矛盾为公共设施和空间有限供给和居民较高诉求的矛盾。小区外居民对小区的公共空间和相关设施有使用需求，但是会对本小区居民生活和活动带来干扰，需要通过活动策划和管理控制来调节同本小区居民的冲突关系。居委会作为社区公园的直接管理者，主要面临设施和场地后期管理维护的工作要求；街道办作为社区公园项目出资方，面临居民对项目品质的高要求与成本控制上的矛盾；规划师作为规划技术方案和协调机制的提供方，在保证公共空间和环境设施品质的基础上，搭建各方之间的沟通平台，使各方利益群体达到较高的满意度，推进社区居民的自我治理（图5）。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;"> </p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5 社区微更新相关团体诉求及关系</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLE2w8WvT8ib23JT6TpUB9rc9GP8NEQVibbN7NshfzO4dc7BYY3au7Cbfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1089.5501730103806" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="801.6608996539793" data-ratio="0.736455463728191" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHL8DWoX18pTPmJVak9BicomY8Cwrruq7FfwbpVGb6PWyW4hIZTmvibbBBw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1089" style="width: 492px;height: 362px;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -14px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于分人群、分时段的差异化诉求的</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划策略</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">针对社区七类老人的基本活动需求，方案从以下几个方面进行了物质环境改造和提升性策略，提高弱势群体及居民的文化生活品质，增强社区凝聚力（图6）。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="445" data-backw="529" data-ratio="0.8412098298676749" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHL8lEfjO5CAvy1olL7OFxOicRqPl8fPoALKyKOPo8r82NRicf4NvVicjT3A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="529" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6 鞍山三村社区公园总平面图</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全性设计策略</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为适应老年人对活动安全性和舒适性的需求，提出如下设计策略。首先，分时段限制车流和加强管理等措施，进行交通流量的限制以减小机动交通对居民活动的不利影响。其次，提倡非机动车出行，转移占用活动空间的机动车位，激活社区公园的空间活力。再次，增加防风挡雨的遮蔽设施，坐凳局部加靠背提升座椅舒适度，利用座椅结合宣传栏廊架进行改造，并提供遮雨功能。最后，修缮社区公园内照明设施，便于老年人活动。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">健身休憩性设计策略</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">规划依据老年人对于运动的空间诉求，设置了共享区和阳光活动场所。中间大雪松树池作为共享区，适合各类人群使用，座椅局部增加靠背，树下空间满铺种植观赏植物。针对残疾老人、患病老人、体弱及高龄老人对晒太阳和闲坐聊天的需求，在社区公园的东北部设置阳光活动广场（图8）。该区域阳光较为充沛，且硬质地面有利于日常的简单活动，通过硬件设施保留提供休憩场所，并在周围增加香草类及彩色灌木类植物，丰富嗅觉及视觉体验（图9）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.338567222767419" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLHfDtiaziagMrib7DKNeThia44y3At8iaQAStV0ZpFicDHKYmy5zew3Os5BLQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1019" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图8 社区公园中央共享区（左）</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图9 社区公园阳光活动广场（右）</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自绘</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疗愈性设计策略</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">规划提出植被改造、生态措施和疗愈花园三项疗愈性设计策略。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，植被改造。建议取品质较差且遮挡视线的绿篱，补种视觉上更柔软的香草类植物，同时注重植物的色彩、季相、生长习性的搭配，通过植物物种及层次的多样性，丰富花园景观。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次，生态措施。通过逐年引入不同的物种来完善生态系统，建立食物森林自平衡生态体系，可保证土壤湿度，减少水分蒸发，可持续保持景观生态性。维持一定的生产力，大大减少管理维护成本，减小居委会后期维护的压力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">最后，打造疗愈花园。结合健康理念和老年人的疗养需求，对老年大学门前进行景观设计，利用弧形坐凳打造居民活动风采展示走廊（图10）。通过对五感体验的设计，形成兼有疗愈功能和景观改造的双重功能的疗愈景观（图11）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.2858744394618834" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLY11MmDrAibuxCP8mxezZtQZdpKLx9Mfkic72iceWB0CISpTpDicLaCwWaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="892" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图10 </span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">疗愈花园分区平面图（左）</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图11 疗愈花园效果图示（右）</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;">资料来源：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;">笔者自绘</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">亲子性设计策略</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">根据携孙老人的日常活动特征以及儿童的活动行为偏好，在社区公园的南部设置亲子儿童探索乐园，在满足现状树林乔木状况良好的条件下增加碎石小路、原木丛林、雨水花园等环境设计及设施，保证足够的林下活动空间，为儿童探索、亲子活动提供安全、舒适的环境（图12）。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.4749733759318424" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWAGTdcHW2iatbeA2f7H70AHLwoF5PgxB9zM3vpTnHQapLU33lDXibppNmlOT6tps9H6Cdib3VPaqhgfg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="939" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图12 亲子儿童探索乐园</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：笔者自摄</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.5</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(45deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交往性设计策略</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从社会角色的转化到身体的逐渐失能，老人的孤独感也随之逐渐增强。社会交往是老年人，尤其是异地养老人群、体弱及行动受限老人和空巢老人最迫切的需求。通过设计构建社区内小型功能性装置，促进老龄群体之间的交往和交流，同时进行社区文化品质的提升。例如：书香花艺漂流亭：鼓励人们阅读，并在以书会友的交流过程中拉近人与人的距离；社区植物漂流站：通过构建小型的社区植物漂流站，汇集居民自家的植物盆栽，可以认养、捐赠、寄养，促进老年人的共情和交流，使社区公园随时保持生机和活力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">开展丰富的文化活动也是社区微更新里重要的环节，不仅作为一个良好的平台促进老龄群体的交往，也将该群体与社会更紧密地联结起来。例如露天电影、种植实践、户外集市、社区参与、儿童活动、自然课堂、植物漂流、花友会活动等，老年弱势群体也在这些具体的活动中感受到关注与关爱，进而提升他们的幸福感和对社区的归属感。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">除此之外，社会交往活动也是促进各个利益团体互相了解其诉求，进一步推动环境的升级和改造、增强社区凝聚力的催化剂。通过组织儿童将自己的心目中的社区公园画出来，同时与他们的父母座谈，了解更多的诉求；除了社区内部园艺活动，还定期将活动对外开放，开展面向全市的园艺体验活动，成为有影响力的社区园艺体验中心；利用多种媒体平台，例如微信公众号等，向公众及时推送活动信息，进一步促进了微更新计划的参与度和推广度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -14px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">04</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">启 示</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">老年人因年龄阶段、家庭结构等客观条件差异，其日常生活行为体现了不同的时空间活动特征和诉求，且高度附着在居住社区空间。针对细分的老年弱势群体类型，进行多方参与、自下而上的规划设计实践是针对老旧社区有效的“针灸”手段，其设计本身也回应了各个类型老年人的活动和心理需求，是各方的利益协调和相互妥协的过程，并进一步促进社区融合。通过这种更加深入的、精细化的操作，城市中潜在的活力点被激活，建造活动与社会生产和日常活动紧密地联系在一起。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">传统的规划和建筑设计，从概念规划、方案设计到施工，“整个环节中使用者的缺位使得建造本身成为一个有门槛、闭环式的专业黑箱”（李彦伯，2016）。而真正的使用者——居民，对自己所处的生活空间也失去了话语权。社区营造的“微更新”实践正是打破这种行业壁垒，使得从规划到施工整个建造过程向外部打开，促生出更多的可能性。同时在这种具体的经营过程中，社会各方的参与实践对城市发展起到触媒作用，引发“链条反应”，促成城市建设理念的转变，推动公众参与和城市生活的结合，且对于修补城市空间与城市文脉具有重要意义。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><strong>作者介绍</strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">李继军</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 五所所长</span></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">余美瑛</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 上海同济城市规划设计研究院<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">有限公司</span> 五所规划师</span></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">韩胜发</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 上海同济城市规划设计研究院<span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">有限公司</span> 五所副所长</span></span></section><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">原文刊载于我院《理想空间》杂志第79期</span><br  /></p></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.180354267310789" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWCfvoAPX8RME86J8MqUo8sWntPr4EO3oZ9l6TSw1WwnMkpyQzV9uy3pQTicSAMliaeOBdTx0z7Y7b3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1242" style=""  /></p><p><br  /></p>
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