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<p><br  /></p><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;width: 578px;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(30, 212, 194, 0.6);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding: 10px 15px;display: inline-block;width: 570px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(248, 255, 254);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(103, 118, 116);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(247, 223, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">● 摘要</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章通过建构浙江黄岩乌岩古村传统村落三维空间模型，计算建筑、院落及街巷空间的高程、距离、面积和宽度等空间量化因子；对应调查村落的家族辈分、房族地位和家族主要活动等内容，定量研究传统村落空间结构与家族社会之间的关联性，为保护和利用传统村落提供参考</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究假设和意义</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">法国社会学家列斐伏尔提出，空间是社会关系的存在，空间不仅是社会关系发生的媒介，还是社会关系和行为的产物。从生产力与生产关系的理论可知，生产力决定生产关系进而构建了社会关系，而社会关系又需要相适应的空间关系来承载。因此，空间关系一定与社会关系相互诠释，传统村落的空间结构与其家族社会之间也应存在相互关联性。如果这一假设成立，那么传统村落的空间结构与其对应的家族社会之间的关联性究竟如何呈现？</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">将传统村落空间结构与其家族社会进行对应研究，其意义不仅有助于深入理解传统村落的历史文化特征，挖掘历史文化要素，为保护和传承传统村落的规划设计提供重要依据，还有助于积极利用传统村落历史文化要素，促进乡村新的功能再生和活力培育，为乡村产业振兴、文化振兴等提供基础。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">文中的几个关键词界定如下：</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1)“传统村落”借用了《住房城乡建设部、文化部、国家文物局、财政部关于开展传统村落调查的通知》(2012 年) 中的定义：“村落形成较早，拥有较丰富的传统资源，具有一定历史、文化、科学、艺术、社会、经济价值，应予以保护的村落。”</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2)“空间结构”，即传统村落中建筑与建筑、建筑与场地的关联，本文中将这一概念具体演绎为传统村落中的广场、街巷、各种规模的院落空间、与村落相邻并具有生产生活功能的河道、桥梁、田地和家族祖先墓地等。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3)“家族社会”是指在传统村落中以血缘、亲缘关系为纽带组成的家族之间的关联。本文中将这一概念具体演绎为家族的族群关系结构(包括辈分关系等)、房族地位、房族规模和家族公共活动等。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献研究</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于传统村落空间结构与社会关联的研究</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -3px;margin-bottom: 2px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">近代我国对于乡村社会的早期研究可以追溯到20世纪初的乡村研究、乡村运动和乡村建设等，涌现了一批我国乡村社会研究的先驱，如吴文藻、费孝通、梁漱溟等人。20世纪80年代改革开放初期，传统村落研究不断出现了基于建筑学和文化语境下的传统民居、水乡古镇和传统村落等一系列研究。之后，人类学、社会学、城乡规划、风景园林等学科深入研究空间与空间背后驱动力的相互关系。拙文《我国传统村落空间整体性特征及其社会学意义》较为系统地分析了传统村落空间结构与社会语义的关联，研究提出了传统村落整体性空间特征：与自然环境条件的协调性、居住与生产活动空间组合的有机性、建筑群体空间形态的聚合性，以及村落内部公共中心场所的标识性。何依等人研究分析了家族构成与村落空间的耦合关系，从家族领域的界定和家族空间的修复揭示村落空间变迁的内在规律与整合方法，采用解释性定性方式解释了家庭结构所导致的空间关系，强调空间改造的历史性作用。此外，在物质空间和人类社会的研究中，建筑人类学逐渐成为一种专门的研究视角和方法。庄齐从建筑人类学视角深入调研，分析了聚落家族血缘关系和村落团块结构的关系。吕峰从建筑人类学的视角研究了聚落微观建筑层面的空间和细节，在聚落格局和建筑形制中建立了与宗族的联系，从社会层面关注宗族的群体关系和地脉构成对空间的影响。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从已有的研究成果看，针对传统村落空间与家族社会结构的研究已有不少，但研究方法主要采用定性分析，研究内容主要关注整体空间结构、空间秩序、建筑形态和户内空间。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于传统村落空间特征的定量研究</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -3px;margin-bottom: 2px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">空间分析的定量方法是具体阐释空间特征的直观路径。近年来，学术界开始尝试采用定量方法来解读乡村空间。一些学者通过关系图解和一系列参数值对村落的物理空间进行分析，作为空间更新改造的基础。例如，曹俊华等人借鉴空间句法的定量方法，对陕西礼泉袁家村村落空间进行空间形态解读，通过计算全局整合度和空间深度来分析村落的可达性，并与现状空间特征和实际使用频率进行比对。王月涛在物理空间分析的基础上形成了对聚落单元改造的策略。比尔·希列尔等人提出“空间句法一定程度上完善了人类学的方法，并且其可观、理性以及可量化的操作超越传统研究方法”。然而，目前采用空间句法的研究主要关注物理空间特征，较少涉及其背后的社会结构。另有一些研究通过建立一套新的量化指标体系来描述乡村的空间特征。例如，浦欣成提出空间结构的量化指数、建筑秩序的量化指数和传统乡村聚落平面形态量化指数，以及三者形态指数之间的关联性，采用计算建筑节点网络的聚集性强度进行可视化的研究。杨希梳理了近20年国内外乡村聚落布局形态定量研究方法进展，指出“村落布局研究大致经历了由形态分析转向因子关系分析的过程，并逐渐探求数据的可视化表现”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">综上所述，针对乡村空间的定量研究除了单纯的空间解读外，需更加关注对于形态背后影响因素的探索，以此来理解形态的内在含义并指导规划建设。对于保存相对完好的传统村落，其空间结构的量化指标所反映的内在空间逻辑应该可以成为认识家族社会关系的重要途径。建立以空间量化分析来揭示空间结构及其背后家族社会结构的关联性，可为传统村落保护和利用工作提供规划设计与建设基础。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究方法</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">定量分析法</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -3px;margin-bottom: 2px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">通过定量分析方法，可以较为客观地反映传统村落物质空间结构的要素尺度与特征，并可建立与其空间形态背后家族社会关联性的分析。采用小方格网平面尺度的划分方法，将传统村落空间细分为若干标准平面单位，从而计量空间数据，作为关联度比较分析的依据。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">具体来说，研究通过还原传统村落发展较为成熟时期的空间结构与分布状况，以“2m×2m”的格网单位建立三维地形模型。选取空间的距离、高程、面积及宽度作为定量研究因子，基于对家族谱系、社会阶级地位与社会行为等的调研，分析得出辈分排位、辈距、房族规模大小、社会阶级重要性、传统观念和社会行为特征等家族社会结构，继而与户外空间特征的定量分析结果进行对应研究。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">选取“2m×2m”作为格网单元空间尺度的理由是：①通过比对案例村落的实际空间特征，2m是村落空间场地权属划分的较好尺度，每户村民分配到的开间宽度及院落划分的尺度能被较为准确地划分和表达；②2m的尺度能较好地反映不同网格的高程和形态差异，保证分析比照的精准程度，既避免划分过大而带来的粗糙，又避免划分过小而造成的复杂计算。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">量化因子的确定</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -3px;margin-bottom: 2px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">一般来说，家族社会结构关系可以从空间资源与价值的占有度、重要场所的功能联系度及空间形态的控制程度来体现。本文将传统村落空间结构特征划分为空间价值、功能联系与空间形态3类，并以此来选取格网分析的量化指标，对应分析家族社会结构的关联性(表1)。</span></section><p><br  /></p><p><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfiasQt4MNt7ia7KSnic89leLpsp65aksNEH45dtKNkDyW5Roz5T0OiaLxAA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="57.92387543252595" data-cropy2="412.94117647058823" data-ratio="0.3287037037037037" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l37kaE0Cg9DqNiaKhax5tKic8zJcnHd9zh6wfNzWmttBjEDibXfgibcibFpzQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="height: 190px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表1 空间结构与家族社会关联性的量化因子一览</span></p><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">选取高程、距离、面积及宽度作为定量因子的原因主要是：</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1) 空间价值和功能联系度是乡村户外空间分配及空间生产中重要的考量因素。以上的空间定量因子能够直观地反映空间资源和价值及其与周边建筑或环境的联系。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2) 高程、距离、面积及宽度是人体尺度下可以被感知且可测量的空间要素。因为这些因子对于人们是可感知的空间特征，所以在乡村户外空间生产的阶段，这些因子是人们有意识控制和布局的要素。在家族社会结构影响下，这些因子也体现出对应于社会结构的差异性。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3) 采用定量研究因子的绝对值和相对值作为分析数据，绝对值可以反映个体和其他实体的空间关系，而通过多组相对值的比较可以反映相对空间关系和特性，从而反映整体的空间特性和户外空间特征。</span></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">04</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例研究</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">浙江黄岩乌岩古村概况</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">乌岩古村位于浙江省黄岩区宁溪镇，是浙东极具特色的传统村落，至今留存了110间清代乡土建筑，具有较为完整的村落格局。自清代中叶落址以来，村落始终由陈氏单姓家族一脉相承，逐步形成了有机的户外空间。该村于2014年被列为浙江省历史文化村落保护利用重点培育村；2015年被列为浙江省第二批重点保护利用古村落；2019年被评为中国传统村落。乌岩古村发源于清代中叶，民国时期至今形成了相对稳定的家族社会结构和相对完整的村落格局。因此，研究以民国时期作为时间切片，对村落的户外空间特征和家族社会结构进行研究分析。<br  /></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">研究在村民口述和历史资料记载的基础上，梳理了民国时期的家族关系网络，包括家族树中成员的辈分关系、社会阶级与家族地位等信息；定量研究以民国时期作为时间切片，以“2m×2m”的单元格网建立三维地形模型(图1)。三维地形模型还原了现状中部分坍塌的四合院祖屋、被拆除的台门空间和陈氏祠堂等历史空间，以呈现民国时期较为真实的村落空间。研究选取空间距离、高程、面积及宽度作为定量因子进行分析。</span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="372" data-backw="537" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfvsb1yUS6wdbULgzdiaWhasmuJCcBPCbr1mBvxWq5gbbFTBYEWaMzbYQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="28.33507853403141" data-cropx2="719.9685863874345" data-cropy1="36.03200218818381" data-cropy2="516.0297456236324" data-ratio="0.6931982633863966" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3PGKRbE7ozgR6YMpQc52M4WEYDwNFUTAEtDYSn81yawoNZLaaRWNqVA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="691" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1 乌岩古村民国时期三维模型构建图</span></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">陈氏祠堂和墓地布局的相对高程<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">祖先</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">崇拜的关联性</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族成员之间除了血缘联系外，通过共同信仰相互约束和联系。旧时的宗教礼俗传统中，单姓的家族村落重视以祠堂作为家族权利和纽带的载体，这种空间所体现的意识形态是在特定时期形成的，同时在单姓家族中也是群体意识形态的体现。乌岩古村陈氏的宗教信仰，一为神灵崇拜，二为祖先崇拜。除了在演教寺特定时期的大型祭祀外，村中主要祭祀活动都集中在陈氏祠堂。陈氏祠堂象征着家族成员与已逝祖先的血脉联系和尊崇信仰。祠堂的选址对家族来说象征着宗族兴衰，据考乌岩古村从前的祠堂建在村口西南侧，其地理位置顺应了背山面水的风水信仰，靠近村口古桥和河口的显著位置具有控制性作用。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: left;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">陈氏祠堂居于五部溪下游，高程为104.35m。相较于村落其他建筑的(106.69～113.77m)，祠堂处于整个村落最低的地方。场所高程的特殊性和空间显著度突显了陈氏祠堂祭祀活动的重要性。这种高程差异所体现出的场所特殊性还反映在墓地的选址上。家族墓地在东侧山上，依循枕山面水的风水格局，位置相对独立，且与村落保持了一定的相对距离，从而区分了生与死的场所。根据相对高程图和位置图(图2，图3)，陈氏祠堂、村落、墓地分别处于不同的高程，并形成3个相对独立的空间区块，分别代表着联系生死的场所、生人的场所及亡灵的场所。从祭祀场所和其他空间的相对高程表(表2) 可以看出，住宅与墓地相对高程远高于其他空间之间的相对高程，数值普遍超过20m，可见墓地占据相对特殊的高程位置。陈氏祠堂和住宅的相对高程没有体现出明显的特殊数据，与住宅间的相对高程类似，为0～12.4m，由此反映了村民与陈氏祠堂的联系相对紧密，祠堂处于村民共同活动范围中。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="164" data-backw="551" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBft3OdO1L8h1IQ8mX2W6iaBhXM7C7ZzvQ9BicrBGmnwKaQINAibulgU3Pqw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="26.15916955017301" data-cropx2="1055.7093425605535" data-cropy1="24.290657439446367" data-cropy2="330.7266435986159" data-ratio="0.29737609329446063" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3SQOs595CywfLmHHichkoichfzLbFo9aImZroFIH0FyDtKQ48E9mwa2qg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1029" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2 祠堂、村落和墓地的相对位置示意图</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="137" data-backw="552" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfzhScGLdhbnvCNKZibZKiajicBXgiaZp7CmVOgW03l2ajzHSvyKb8L9BWJw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="26.15916955017301" data-cropx2="1057.5778546712802" data-cropy1="24.424859966736125" data-cropy2="279.94647192643714" data-ratio="0.24733268671193018" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3McPIWbic00oNTWhfhs2TmCwBO6voj0rXFf40VZLU0Tnpmhk0xj7YYeg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1031" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图3 祠堂、村落和墓地的相对高程分析图</span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="233" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBffUzR7ySQ3ZJgwuq9b0w7RBZy2nZVCVx9a3LhmbI0icCib1bp0e3Cc2jw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="44.844290657439444" data-cropy2="480.20761245674737" data-ratio="0.4027777777777778" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3nzv1jdhKR1RyDNjCVK7G4YampXejrE3ggGIuasXedicISg5iaa83G7gw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表2 祭祀场所与住宅的相对高程（单位：m）</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">综上所述，户外空间相对高程和家族信仰存在一定的关联性。空间相对高程的区别，体现了不同场所所承载的相关社会活动或行为的差异性和特殊性。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村落住宅布局与陈氏祠堂的相对距离</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">及其与祭祀活动的关联性</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">住宅到祠堂的距离设定是家族对于场所可达性和社会活动重要性的反映。研究通过计算住宅到陈氏祠堂的路径距离，反映村民生活场所和公共祭祀活动之间的户外空间关系。<br  /></span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在乌岩古村中，与陈氏祠堂的距离最短的住宅属于祖辈大房、二房及其后代。根据路径距离可以看出，具有更高家族地位的成员对应了与祖先神灵更近的路径距离，范围为82.1～121.9m；相对而言，祖辈三房及祖辈旁系家族地位较低，距离陈氏祠堂的路径距离也较长，范围为215.5～247.1m。通过计算，房族间的日常互访路径范围为16.3～67.3m，家族内最远的可达路径为208.2m。从各个住宅到陈氏祠堂的距离范围为82.1～247.1m。总体而言，家族成员间日常走访的距离都比到陈氏祠堂的路径短(表3)。由此可见，祭祀活动相异于一般日常活动，场所位置相对独立，并非处于村民日常活动的范围中。从路径路线上看，陈氏祠堂位于进出村落的必经之路，并在村落主要街道一侧。这一祭祀场所的特殊位置体现了祭祀活动的公共性和汇聚性(图4)。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfibu7T0E6uvXmTV0kqepp0R1sk9c2zuFnCfrY56JIV4TNSCvaj42jvog/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="39.238754325259514" data-cropy2="532.5259515570934" data-ratio="0.45555555555555555" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3fmo3EkiagcVw4fVFl3UCBZv8RQuCSJG5uRLIecPTUoOmwhW0xctyRKg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 264px;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表3 祭祀场所与住宅的相对距离 </span></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfiaIgotPMz8UzHAAk3LwY0CjibH5mQmzicGxcljwzhOTDnubvUG6x7WKwg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="29" data-cropx2="440" data-cropy1="21" data-cropy2="619" data-ratio="1.4585365853658536" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3o8MyTlfAPKbcHiapsfbqt9whAHGibInYom6PKT3ZjcJstyewfXbrOkHw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="410" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 411px;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;"><p style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图4 住宅到陈氏祠堂的相对路径距离示意图</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="text-align: left;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">综上所述，房族地位与陈氏祠堂的路径距离存在较高的关联性。依循传统家族的尊卑关系，房族地位越高，路径距离陈氏祠堂越近，也意味着和祖先的密切度越高。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村落住宅布局与宗堂中心的相对距离</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">及其<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">与房族关系的关联性</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">房族作为家族和家庭之间的次级结构，村落存在以房族为社会单元的祭祀传统和生产活动。空间上，由家族关系建构的空间由于家族关系的亲疏远近形成了各自的房族中心，房族中心设置一个公共祭祀的宗堂，以表达对自然力控制的敬重，以及对祖先保佑的感恩。乌岩古村的宗堂是房屋中的公共部分，位于房屋轴线中央，是住在同一屋内几户人重要的社交场所。一楼接待客人，二楼祭拜祖先，如观音、土地公、灶神爷等，其选址具有明显的标示性。宗堂往往与户外院落或广场相连，形成一个公共场所的组合系统。以宗堂为房族公共活动的中心场所，辐射周边住宅形成房族组团空间，是村民祭祀、拜访互助、办婚事和办丧事的日常活动区域。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">通过剖析以宗堂为核心的乡邻日常活动范围来理解房族组团空间与社会场域的对应关系。以宗堂和院落的中心为圆心，以辐射到的住宅边缘最远距离为半径，进行空间的定量分析。曾祖辈和祖辈房族到宗堂的辐射半径约为30.4m，父辈熙字辈的宗堂辐射半径为32.7m。子辈宗堂辐射半径随房族地位递减，长子房族为26.9m、小弟房族为23.7m、旁系后代为18.7m。到了第五代孙辈锡字辈的住宅内不再设置宗堂，住宅的公共院落也相应消失(图5)。数据表明，宗堂和院落空间的辐射范围与家族辈分的对应性较高，但也存在一定偏差。父辈宗堂的辐射半径为32.7m，略高于曾祖辈宗堂辐射半径30.4m(表4)，成为村落公共性最强的房族中心。这一对应性的偏差可能是由于父辈房族的人口规模较大，且房族成员中有社会阶级较高的地主和士绅阶级，使得父辈房族占据的空间面积总体较大。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="602" data-backw="447" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfq9ctDLX4pvpibgq8JlfpaMHjiaSehu1JCmmlA3QRy10C7eqpq3zoVj4g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="17" data-cropx2="464" data-cropy1="13" data-cropy2="617" data-ratio="1.3459821428571428" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3icSFpnhdLwrm2owt7BIj1MJWjI6QPsp0ETadpUAD9iblj45LcFMLoQnQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="448" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图5 住宅到房族中心宗堂的距离示意图</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBflRFyZeIFSHXkpaX5xqxE1AQoRRy7iaGO7PmQgrQdH24GlagkC5uA89w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="48.58131487889273" data-cropy2="369.9653979238754" data-ratio="0.2972222222222222" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3zfIm9TmwMB5G73sQZN1IXGvc9XShbLL0qibkt5YslhYk5CNM93ickJicw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 172px;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表4 户外院落与房族活动的对应关系分析</span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">综上所述，以房族为中心的社会场域和邻里的互动范围为20～30m，在空间上表现为宗堂和院落所辐射的周边住宅。影响这一户外空间特征的主导影响因素是家族辈分。随着辈分的降低，宗堂的重要性减弱，辐射到的住宅到所属宗堂的距离也相应减少。同时，房族的规模和社会阶级也会影响宗堂辐射范围。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村落住宅布局与祖屋的相对距离及</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">与家族首位度的关联性</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">由于空间的扩展是随着社会成员的增加而形成的，建筑间的距离越近，意味着家族血缘关系或情感联系越亲密。与上文中计算住宅到陈氏祠堂的相对路径距离不同，家族成员到祖屋不存在日常频繁的走访互动，因此在计算和祖屋的距离时并未采用相对路径距离，而是采用了建筑几何中心之间的最短直线距离，以此来体现户外空间的相对关系。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">祖屋作为家族地位最高的空间，位于村落的几何中心，其他子孙后代住宅以此为中心展开。通过计算，所有住宅到祖屋的平均距离为47.5m，与其他住宅相比，距离方差较小，体现了祖屋空间位置的中心度最高(图6)。父辈住宅与祖屋的平均距离为32.6m，子辈住宅的平均距离为42.7m，孙辈住宅的平均距离为57.2m。由此可以判断，家族辈分越高，辈距越小，距离祖屋的距离越近。此外，房族地位与其到祖屋的距离也存在一定的对应性。房族地位较高的成员住宅，到祖屋的距离越近。大房后代住宅的平均距离为37.35m，旁系后代住宅的平均距离为48.6m，三房后代住宅的平均距离为66.17m。小弟后代孙辈住宅离祖屋的距离最远，平均距离为92.6m，大哥后代子辈住宅平均距离最短，为25.7m( 表5)。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="606" data-backw="462" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfpAD1TfVHsyffgVxmmlmXJg6WLnVhjolibDcACCSKicnfaSl5pdXI5rkQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="14" data-cropx2="476" data-cropy1="22" data-cropy2="629" data-ratio="1.3116883116883118" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3Jxic7kAUqRkcn2PBCEfdu0PhBsO6Z1c1u1BUP3xWoicn47x60jGoguyQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="462" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图6 住宅到租屋的相对距离示意图</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><br  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="254" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfcH4SLV4BdCNMzJEYo8TqSyusZguBVMVyXOkwI0ExWXCtfIQml0qbzg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="50.449826989619375" data-cropy2="525.0519031141869" data-ratio="0.4388888888888889" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3nKJYH4EgV6YusLk35kVtwVnCUKuyNoPmRP7xW1eTjOicHykCaa7pcTw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表5 住宅到租屋的相对距离及其家族社会结构分析</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">根据以上的定量分析，可以得出住宅到祖屋的相对距离与房族地位存在较高的关联性。房族地位越高，离祖屋的距离越近；而住宅到祖屋的相对距离与辈距存在一般的对应关系，存在辈距越大，距离相对越远的趋势。</span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村落住宅布局沿主街及溪流的界面宽度</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">与家族地位的关联性</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">乌岩古村东侧的五部溪是村落持续发展的宝贵资源要素，关系到村民集体的生活和生产活动。由于村落主街沿溪布局，沿溪流的住宅同时也占据了相同宽度的主街面宽。作为民国时期黄仙古道上重要驿站的乌岩古村，占据沿主街的空间意味着更易获得潜在的经济收益和交易机会。紧邻溪流和主街的空间具有相对更高的空间价值，空间兼具了对自然资源的可达性和联系村落外界的便捷性。通过计算沿主街及溪流界面的宽度，可在一定程度上体现村民获取生活生产资源的权力及对于经济资源的控制力。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">曾祖辈大房及其后代住宅占有的界面最宽为82.71m，而平辈地位较低的小弟住宅则不占有沿街面宽，只占据村庄相对内部的空间。高祖辈旁系成员由于处于曾祖辈较高地位，其后代住宅仍占有一定的界面宽度，约为16.97m(图7)。在家族社会结构发展的过程中，财富高低和社会阶级地位对空间占据会有一定的修正作用，比如从政的三房后代虽然房族地位不高，但是由于具有更高的社会威望，在北面沿街占有一定比例的界面宽度，约为16.81m (表6) 。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="152" data-backw="548" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf6MwPAhsqddhziaLD4u1I0peJPibZhjrxuG8mqttPnW7uBygnaz0TdQng/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="26.427406199021206" data-cropx2="1044.7634584013051" data-cropy1="19.37704918032787" data-cropy2="299.4634873323398" data-ratio="0.275049115913556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3Q0rjynEpqTZOOzr9HJ8B3UZ5gvU2ZAQJ7OrRcqPZcIZdG2X0jjG0UQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1018" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 159px;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图7 各房族沿主街及溪流的界面宽度分析</span></section><section><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;white-space: normal;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfYPL2fhQs2EvnGv3v4BI6BeZUibiasLpVnWNYLycda74yYKK3fRrQ5LVw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="57.923875432525946" data-cropy2="362.49134948096884" data-ratio="0.2824074074074074" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l31fM18MZZKXQyCJsFjlouI13yq4RfbiaXF4Pvp6MnRJIcodUnrxz914Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 163px;"  /><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表6 沿主街和水系界面宽度及其家族社会结构</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">分析</span><br  /></section><section><br  /></section><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">综上所述，户外空间界面宽度与房族地位存在较高的关联性，与家族辈分的关联性一般。房族的尊卑等级对空间宽度的占据起到决定性作用，财富高低和社会阶级对其有一定的修正作用。房族地位越高，占据户外空间的界面宽度越宽，相应具有更多支配空间和资源的权力。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);align-self: stretch;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村落生产空间面积与家族公平性的关联性</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;margin: -3px 0% 2px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;margin-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">空间资源的分配是家族权利分配的体现。在家族关系中，以房族为单位的户外空间分配方式相对平均，每个房族基本拥有一个院落中心，院落连同宗堂形成房族等级秩序关系的核心，体现了同辈间家族权利的相对公平性。房族的内院具备了通风采光的物质功能，同时作为房族的公共空间也具有重要的社会功能。院落作为房族关系纽带起到了共融、互助、睦邻的作用，承载着监督、教育子女和行为规范的功能。村中房族的中心院落分布相对平均，户外院落的分布均质化对村落风貌和谐一致和整体性空间关系起到了重要的作用(图8)。</span></section><section><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBftuAq7tJbURplXQtVWzavAFf8vq4oJKSyFzDjHNu4c7maakeyprdxgg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="449" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="596" data-ratio="1.3251670378619154" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3cdmpvIs9VAh3nfb6gxKL3A1pZp6UF4qyA48kHHaCQbkvUl1UnicXjSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="449" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 449px;height: 596px;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图8 一房族组团为单位的院落分布图</span></section><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span><span style="display: none;line-height: 0px;"></span></span><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">户内开间宽度相对均等，每个开间宽为1.5～2.0m。户内开间的相对公平性对应了家族中个人发展的均衡性。家族观念中的平等性原则也影响了户外空间中土地平等继承的权利，家族根据临近和效率的原则决定了每户分得田地的大小和位置。从土地权属上说，每个成员分配到的户内开间的面积和户外院落面积基本一一对应，即家族成员占有一个开间的户内空间对应着占有相同比例的院落空间。户内公共祭祀的宗堂则对应于户外的族产公共院落(图9)。这种家族的公平意识也存在于山林资源的分配中，家族按山林资源的价值公平分配，若是质量较好的林地资源则分配面积小，质量差的林地分配到的面积相对更大。</span></section><p><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-backh="507" data-backw="541" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf1W4eEkNmzYm3HN72QAobMjnrFgm9gxpzL7YoGFnIw8oRngfMcwALJw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="24.42375601926166" data-cropx2="612.6292134831466" data-cropy1="32.62135922330098" data-cropy2="541.3106796116506" data-ratio="0.8656462585034014" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3AUn3e3A6cLGXEMCYVHmG9DMehuaj53onf3guTHvhrCWJIKRgqkOf1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="588" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 499px;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;">图9 二合院开间分配与院落分配的对应性示意图</span></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从表７中数据发现，家族辈分越高，人均院落面积呈现越来越小的趋势。随着村庄的发展，院落由纯粹的社会聚合功能逐渐成为复合功能，在空间中承载了耕种生产功能，所以子孙辈的院落面积相对比祖父辈的户均面积更大。考虑房族规模和空间使用人数，人均院落面积存在较大的差异。由于涉及土地价值、土地补偿等原因，院落空间的分配并非平均分配，且与家族辈分和房族地位没有显著的关联性。</span></section><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="166" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfibkoZ3X3gs7KpfBwKVRUpobib96zacLawwLSrGa4rA2ucfORDckRuVsA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="42.9757785467128" data-cropy2="353.14878892733566" data-ratio="0.28703703703703703" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3QnldwywHtYhRDDg2g50RhTXQadIaibibFIZkFbFepeiaByslurFSK6uBQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表7 院落面积及其家族社会结构分析<br  /></span></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -14px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(215, 247, 244);font-size: 50px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">05</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(30, 212, 194);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">结 语</p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 23px;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 223, 21);height: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: auto;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: auto;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: auto;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: auto;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: auto;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">通过格网分析法的定量研究可以看到，传统村落的空间结构与其对应的家族社会之间具有丰富的关联特征，主要表现为：<br  /></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1) 户外空间相对高程和家族信仰存在关联性。空间相对高程的区别体现了不同场所承载的相关社会活动或行为的差异性和特殊性。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2) 住宅到祭祀场所的距离和房族地位间存在较高的关联性。依循传统家族的尊卑关系，房族地位越高，住宅到公共建筑或是祭祀场所的路径距离越近，体现出成员在家族关系中和祖先的密切度越高。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3) 以房族为基础的社会场域和邻里互动范围及家族辈分存在较高的关联性，空间上表现为以宗堂和院落为核心的辐射半径与家族辈分间存在较高的对应关系。随着辈分的降低，宗堂的重要性减弱，以宗堂和院落为中心的辐射距离也相应减少。同时，房族规模和社会阶级也一定程度地影响着宗堂的辐射范围。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(4) 住宅到祖屋的相对距离与房族地位存在较高的关联性。房族地位越高，离祖屋的距离越近；而住宅到祖屋的相对距离与辈距存在一般的对应关系，存在辈距越大，距离相对越远的趋势。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(5) 户外空间界面宽度和房族地位存在较高的关联性。房族地位越高，则占据户外空间界面宽度越宽，房族的尊卑等级对空间宽度的占据起到决定性作用，而财富高低和社会阶级会对空间占据起到一定的修正作用。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(6) 不同家族成员所占有的人均院落面积存在较大的差异。院落面积与家族辈分和房族地位未呈现显著的对应关系。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">总体来看，家族社会中房族地位是影响传统村落户外空间特征相对主要的因素，它与祭祀场所、祖屋及自然资源的距离间呈现较高的关联性，对应性明显。家族辈分、财富拥有程度及社会阶级成为次要的相关因素，和空间结构之间具有一般的关联性。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文的研究结果有助于加深对我国传统村落空间结构与家族社会关系的认识，揭示传统村落空间演进过程的家族社会依据，这对于我国当下实施乡村振兴战略过程中保护、传承和利用传统村落具有指导意义。</span></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 2px;background-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(30, 212, 194);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者介绍</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">杨贵庆</strong>  同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授 博士生导师 中国城市规划学会山地城乡规划学术委员会副主任委员</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">蔡一凡</strong>  上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 规划师</p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 1px;background-color: rgb(30, 212, 194);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 568px;border-color: white;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年03期</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>浙江黄岩乌岩古村传统村落空间结构与家族社会关联研究<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1.180354267310789" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWADpxB744SHFzekYtib1s1l3Hs7kD5PRhD3ohs2jR9Fy3MafickEUSwPthxT4iaUGoXoPU0efzibRPhpA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1242" style=""  /></p><p><br  /></p>
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