国匠城工作台

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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9KWyAm78qwibl2wicVtAiaorxkECC89WbfZfnkaRQX10GI6M6Uvx6FQpyqS8icjyfrt1iax1cLUzNqG6g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文/ Athlyn Cathcart-Keays </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 翻译/ 雅楠   文献/ 王文祥   校核/ 众山小 </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 编辑/ 众山小   排版/ 王雅桐</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OCh772d66v778zKicLF5tsqg/0" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">   近年来海绵城市建设虽是一个大的趋势，但是其推进并不是一帆风顺。在城市中海绵城市倡导的“蓝绿系统”往往和传统的“灰色”基础设施相冲突，这并不是我国的个例。费城已花费了25年，耗资25亿美金才建造了数以千计的雨水花园和渗水铺装用来把水滞留在土地中。同样，富裕的哥本哈根作为建造海绵城市的后起之秀，在比较了地面上进行雨水处理的蓝绿系统方案，与扩建地下水道的灰色方案之后，决定以水资源为核心的公园改造为近期重点，同时将基础设施改造结合社区参与、试点推广、远近期结合等手段……这些在资金投入、成本控制以及操作方法上都给我国的海绵城市建设提供了良好的借鉴。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin: 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/7FfNwrKPQcqvtVcZxrO5oV7uHuzfpOycGl7HiaibaAamfq4nhnNEyQKCrUDs1DoGn1aDwNdOTO6ML2SDVt25ibuMA/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/7FfNwrKPQcqvtVcZxrO5oV7uHuzfpOycGl7HiaibaAamfq4nhnNEyQKCrUDs1DoGn1aDwNdOTO6ML2SDVt25ibuMA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin: 0px auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/7FfNwrKPQcqvtVcZxrO5oV7uHuzfpOycVXfmu1iaqPPXrJqf04XA0OC4SdgAziaLXmkKACt5Ub6UFvkb0L68Vlew/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/7FfNwrKPQcqvtVcZxrO5oV7uHuzfpOycVXfmu1iaqPPXrJqf04XA0OC4SdgAziaLXmkKACt5Ub6UFvkb0L68Vlew/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-left-width: 10px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(105, 197, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 144, 196);"></section><section style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(right, rgba(158, 158, 156, 0.34902), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0) 30%) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了应对气候变化，哥本哈根并没有选择建设大量的下水道设施，而是选择了更为廉价但也更有趣的改造更新类项目。</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(33, 144, 196);"></section></section><img style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; margin-top: -10px; text-align: start; height: auto !important; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/FqicMHgrkr9HWVQJx3OgYIIZLkhic7xeZ6CTBMYwjibQgaaDcEXdHicMq7hiaOcX7IUQER3LvUcDeXIicDpScdGEqSbg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.14928057553956833" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OqcxwUXbTDL1TZK0Bw3vy2Q/0" data-ratio="0.5251798561151079" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、哥本哈根的新Enghaveparken将会建造一些两用场地，旱季可以举办运动项目，雨季可以汇集雨水。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在丹麦哥本哈根，人们对T?singe Plads广场的第一印象和这个城市的其他公园并无二致——在一座环绕着新植树木和野花的小山上，有一些年轻人在休息，孩子们在玩耍嬉戏，在一些形似吹翻的雨伞的雕塑阴影中，一些老太太坐在长椅上闲聊。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，一些隐藏的特性却将T?singe Plads转变为这座海滨城市为了应对气候变化而做出的改造的一部分。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">大雨来临时花田积蓄雨水，直到暴雨停息后再开始排水。那些形似吹翻的雨伞的雕塑收集雨水用来浇灌植被。智能的景观将雨水收集导向至地下大型的蓄水池内。在这些蓄水池上设置了一些富有弹性的跳板，孩子们喜欢在上面跳来跳去，而这些活动产生的动能会将雨水送进下方的管道。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">就在几年前，这里还是为停车铺设的沥青广场，仅有的一点绿地也就够狗狗方便使用。而现在，它却成为了Saint Kjelds地区打造世界上第一个“气候弹性社区”的基础。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">沥青路面被拆除，新增的绿地降低了城市热岛效应。很多像这样的公园正在被有目的得改造为在汛期可以变为小池塘的空间，截流积蓄雨水直到排水系统能够处理为止。在特大暴雨其间，某些设置了抬高人行道的街道会变身为“雨洪通道”，形成好似威尼斯的城市风光，引流洪水安全过境，直至雨水排空至海港。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终，Saint Kjelds将可以抵御甚至迎接大雨和洪水。这个计划来源于哥本哈根的景观建筑师事务所Tredje Natur（http://tredjenatur.dk/）。这家公司的一位合伙人Flemming Rafn Thomsen 说这是一个在适应气候的改造中将表面上看起来消极的事物转变为积极的事物的案例。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“水资源被用来改善城市生活，” Flemming Rafn Thomsen说。“我们将哥本哈根视为融合自然、城市生物与人类间平衡的复合城市。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-right-width: 10px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(111, 149, 97);"></section><section style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(158, 158, 156, 0.34902), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0) 30%) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: right; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进阶篇                          </strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(111, 149, 97);"></section></section><img style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; margin-top: -10px; text-align: start; height: auto !important; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/1kOS1VP6nk8bXia0J4ZJGmicK9VrDiccaXUBQBa6gWibqBV7VsEyGrianM3ItCHWia1su6adYfCUOevlEvrVdO9guFhA/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.1420863309352518" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">哥本哈根并不是唯一一个在重新思考雨水定位的地区。两年前，鹿特丹打造了Benthemplein 广场（更多细节设计，请参考视频一），在这个广场内，城市设计师有意设置了三个在暴雨中可以积蓄大量雨水的混凝土大坑。而在美国，费城历经25年耗资25亿美金建造了数以千计的雨水花园和渗水铺装，以便把水滞留在土地中，而不是外排到排水沟或溪流中。<span style="color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OsV8InL7E9FmVcErB6b29IA/0" data-ratio="0.5611510791366906" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、鹿特丹Benthemplein 广场</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><iframe class="video_iframe" style="   z-index:1; " height="375" width="500" frameborder="0" src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/preview.html?vid=a0194x1i10e&width=500&height=375&auto=0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><br  /><strong style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">视频一、海绵城市里的海绵广场 - 鹿特丹打造了Benthemplein 广场</em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OcR4lEAWf612xLuxgZZicGnA/0" data-ratio="0.5611510791366906" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、美国费城雨水花园</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">哥本哈根也在类似地大规模推进。这个城市近年来遭遇过两次“百年一遇”的洪灾，第一次是在2011年，另一次则在2014年。政府间气候变化专设委员会预测这种极端天气，如特大暴雨（与更长的干旱周期）将会越来越频繁地出现在丹麦。<span style="color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>海平面上升也将会是一个副作用的凶兆——根据Niels Bohr Institute的报告，哥本哈根周边的海平面将在未来的100年中上升1.6米（见下图）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Opic1iaKoH62aQwhlx5wGvVTA/0" data-ratio="0.6672661870503597" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、丹麦日德兰半岛西部的莱姆维这座海港城市里，使用弯曲的混凝土墙形式保护城市。挡水墙高达2.10米，在2013年12月份的大风暴中，它已经证明了其自身价值。而在没有风暴警报的时候，挡水墙还有一些自动上下滑动门可以打开，在这个港口区域里创造一片富有吸引力的、适宜散步、长凳休憩和聚会的宜人场所。（照片：MADS Krabbe）。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OibiavqNyauYlxoFGpr1hZCeg/0" data-ratio="0.8237410071942446" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、格陵兰冰川融化对全球海平面的贡献，同时也意味着冰盖本身的引力场将减弱，从而无法吸附凝聚周围的海水。这还意味着海平面变化会影响远离冰层2000公里的地区，而欧洲北部海面对于格陵兰岛融化并非事先想象的那样敏感。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于未来的规划，哥本哈根将在两条完全不同的途径上做出选择。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OzldbVPmbWicf2Dx56tj2Plg/0" data-ratio="0.6690647482014388" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、大雨来临时T?singe Plads的花田积蓄雨水，那些形似吹翻的雨伞的雕塑收集雨水用来浇灌植被。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(142, 201, 101); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法一：</strong></span>是扩张城市现行的下水管道和排水系统——这些又被叫做“灰色”基础设施。这将意味着两倍于二十世纪在地下铺设的管道才能应对更大体量的雨水。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法二：</strong></span>是建造更多的“蓝绿系统”。不同于将所有雨水全部汇集在地下管道中，这个方式是将雨水分散在绿地系统、雨洪通道以及滞留区域中。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">到底如何选择，哥本哈根制定的《气候适应规划》给出了近期实施的方案<span style="color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>。2015年11月，委员会一致通过了在未来20年逐步实施的300个基于T?singe Plads一样的方案。“《气候适应规划》的关键是找到了地面上的科学解决方案”T?singe Plads邻近社区的项目负责人René Sommer Lindsay说：“在非雨季，这些空间依旧具有使用价值。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些改造项目中最为引人注目的是Enghaveparken，一个1920年代建造的大型城市公园。它将以水资源利用为核心进行重塑<span style="color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>公园的红线将建造堤坝用来过滤周边的雨水和100个小型的社区花园中的雨水。在低洼区域将会开挖更多的雨水贮存空间，在非汛期可以举办足球、曲棍球等运动，汛期则作为雨水滞留池使用。在公园的下方将会建造一个蓄水池，用来吸纳更多的雨水。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OGOJqbhx6Y0SJfaGfL9jFyQ/0" data-ratio="0.2841726618705036" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OzHNpjM3kPyejrBpSha2t1A/0" data-ratio="0.5953237410071942" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、Enghaveparken城市公园海绵化设计改造。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OxvI1272GWP8yDDkHPjr5fw/0" data-ratio="0.5" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3O8q0Pr8RTPoKj8CJ8a1CFZg/0" data-ratio="0.5" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OicfyibjbibjXYpRVOOkrPI8KQ/0" data-ratio="0.5" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OG7y3RUtia5PDpaJaW5X2y8g/0" data-ratio="0.5017985611510791" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、暴雨前后Enghaveparken城市公园效果图</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-left-width: 10px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(111, 149, 97);"></section><section style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(right, rgba(158, 158, 156, 0.34902), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0) 30%) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">                         成本的考虑</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(111, 149, 97);"></section></section><img style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; margin-top: -10px; text-align: start; height: auto !important; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/FqicMHgrkr9HWVQJx3OgYIIZLkhic7xeZ6CTBMYwjibQgaaDcEXdHicMq7hiaOcX7IUQER3LvUcDeXIicDpScdGEqSbg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.14928057553956833" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于哥本哈根，方法二“蓝绿系统”是最能承受得起的改造方法。预计将花费约13亿美元——仅占传统的方法一的“灰色系统”升级的一半费用。什么都不做当然也是一种方法，但这只会带来更多的洪涝灾害---未来一百年会带来近23亿美金的损失。正如丹麦智能团Sustainia（http://www.sustainia.me/）的一个分析师Esben Alslund-Lanthén所说：“这既是财政的合理投资，又有利于提高生活品质。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">而升级主要集中在两方面。任何技术上的改造，例如建造地下雨水收集池或者基础设施的管道铺设将由公共事业费用出资。对于哥本哈根一个普通公寓而言，每年将会多缴715克朗（100美金）的水费账单。同时，城市范围的基础设施项目将会由市政预算出资。在未来20年中将达到1.45亿美元。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">水资源扮演着改造项目的核心，社区参与也十分重要。自2012年T?singe Plads项目开始，在该地区超过10000人参与170个市民发起的改造。通过在之前被遗弃的空间中建造社区花园和艺术项目，社区开始再造了广场的未来并赋予其更多的意义。社区参与也同样是Enghaveparken计划的核心，使用者参与了再开发的每一个步骤。例如喜欢在池塘上跳石头的人们（有一个俱乐部）参与帮助设计了与水特性相关的这个环节。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">哥本哈根展示给我们的是一个全面的方法论——以市民为核心，考验其所在城市作为一个整体在未来能够良好得回报社会。这些改造项目将创造13000个工作岗位，利用公共空间鼓舞当地人民的的归属感，改善生活品质，保护城市居民免于受到气候变化带来的不可阻挡的破坏。而这些远比在地下铺设管道带来更多有益之处。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="width: 2.8em; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/QWOCZVeIf6OSb7gyeiaUwZ4Df75gQPrCpv1eLABxT8rPRzDfdWiaUSD8L3zPicTn4ao8Q83z6m7HhQjNiavmich4Hug/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.38636363636363635" data-w="44"  /> <section style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); margin-top: -0.2em; box-sizing: border-box; background: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OmES1g6FB3gfZLLNUNCgiatgUKdI76YLqjFXeXM0yNR1tDG1FRNGRZxQ/0?wx_fmt=png") repeat-x;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></span></section><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></section><section style="text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.《费城的绿色方法处理雨水污染吸引了全国关注的焦点》</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3O7RxhgzYtehicTjEic862Hsag/0" data-ratio="1.4282907662082516" data-w="509"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OmmO6BcOtQw5pB4DxCT0jTg/0" data-ratio="1.4378698224852071" data-w="507"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">3.《哥本哈根气候适应规划》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3O6SJiaAWzr4pq48sce6wQT5Q/0" data-ratio="1.4240631163708086" data-w="507"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OUTwwfHvXZJMW99fOKJ10Hg/0" data-ratio="1.4148727984344422" data-w="511"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(33, 144, 196); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.《Enghaveparken城市公园海绵化改造》</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Oa0TUg1QEfuGbsdYoohLF5A/0" data-ratio="1.332" data-w="500"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Of07Gl75DqiajwbXNWAaInLA/0" data-ratio="1.385518590998043" data-w="511"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(31, 156, 202); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如有需要请联系我们微信号@SustainableCity</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮daizongliu@qq.com </strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9wxQ5bOnysduiazUjkJrxpGsiawV3HQ4jx8B2rCKoNdXn0tictAibndFbY3ey7bak7uRohhpicQvcd1ag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.8093525179856116" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(31, 156, 202); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买2015上半年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; 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