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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9KWyAm78qwibl2wicVtAiaorxGYeIlibr6YNGXhibeoZILSpexNTUOtOzv3twhemVKniaSrHJtaBz0t6SQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 101.066%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">    </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"> 编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 11px;">  原文/ Laura Bliss、Aarian Marshall、Jonn Elledge</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 11px;">  翻译/ AMON   文献/ 陈汉   校核/ 众山小   </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 11px;">  编辑/ 众山小   排版/ 古佳玉</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3On6Ezy8k0Ztaiczia31hAjOcn0mYOGHP8wo88LSQCrxp5RWEdKo5e19dw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.0067567567567568" data-w="148"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">通常我们认为治理和改善贫民区和城中村的最有效手段是彻底地清除与重建，但这真的是最好办法吗？贫民区、城中村的居住者对此的真实想法又是怎样的呢？则一探讨了英国的一份报纸以惊悚的头条披露了伦敦目前为解决住房不足的危机准备采取的策略—在伦敦著名的绿带里建设更多的住宅！是什么原因使得住房建设不得不开始盘算对绿带加以利用？难道没有别的办法了吗？这份报纸头条具有足够的说服力吗？本文将为你一一展开在绿带上建设住宅这一思路的来龙去脉。而则二的再街区化（Reblock）就是为此而生的：它认为必须了解居住者真实的想法才能真正高效地满足他们的需求；通过利用地图对贫民区的空间环境进行分析，提高每个地块或住户与道路的连接性，可以有效地改善区内环境和公共设施服务，而这个过程也让城市弱势群体获得必要的话语权并发出自己的声音。</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); width: 90%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: -4px; margin-right: -4px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"></section></section><section class="" style="text-align: right; margin-top: -1.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">请</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">看</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">正</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">文</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-color: transparent; display: inline-block; font-size: 20.8px; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; padding: 1px 5px 0px; line-height: 1.2; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一、</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.19; box-sizing: border-box;">着重新考</span><span style="line-height: 24.99px; box-sizing: border-box;">为何解决伦敦的住房危机将意味</span><span style="line-height: 1.19; box-sizing: border-box;">虑绿带</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-right-width: 0.5em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-top-width: 1em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(211, 207, 206, 0.117647);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Jonn Elledge     翻译/ AMON</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></span><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-top-width: 1em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OntcticpF3x2Bu2EV0Y2JPaweTgbBypUE4eFK7eO9EAdqicqsEhEQfzIg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6618705035971223" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、伦敦城市鸟瞰</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在绿带上建房以解决危机</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">昨天《标准晚报》(Evening Standard )的首页令人惊讶。在我们面对的危机中，可以预见的是关于住房，或者更多地是关于住房的不足。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这则故事与住房慈善机构委托的一份报告<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</span></strong>有关，由Quod顾问机构撰写，而《标准晚报》的头条，就其本身而言，是准确的。但它没有更进一步，而且这份报告的理由比报纸所透露的要更为复杂。（当然，CityMetric不会刻意渲染一个意在吸引读者注意的头条。）</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以，为使你愉悦，在此我们呈上的这份报告的内容。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;">选择，选择。</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在这份报告里，由Quod指导者和CityMetric的地图之莺Barney Stringer撰写，从记录专家对伦敦每年需要建造50000个居住单位以满足对住房的需求的共识开始。与此同时，实际情况是一直也只有一半不到。这或许不是你为了在2区租一个小公寓，就需要将你的家庭未来三代卖身为奴的唯一原因，但如果假设这不是事实，那就太天真了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此，我们需要建造更多，既然房子不可能像气球一样悬在空中，这意味着寻找更多的地方来建造它们，这份报告罗列出一系列选项：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 高层建筑</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 绿带</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 花园城市</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 房地产开发</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 增加郊区的密度</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 交通廊道</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 城市中心的高密度</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外神秘的：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">o 其他选项？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">还是要感谢物理学的定律，尽管我们确实只有三个选择：向上建、向外建、或者建在被抛弃的、事实上目前是空置的（棕色地带）区域。基于明显的理由，每个人都期望从后者开始。但这里有一个小问题：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">没有足够的棕色地带。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">棕色地带并不确实意味着“闲置”，而是“先前被开发过的土地”。你知道你的家，你住在哪里？那就是棕色地带。如果你有一个花园，那也是棕色地带，直到最近（他们现在已经改变了规则）。事实上，毫不令人意外的是，伦敦大部分土地都已经被某种形式所利用。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 24px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OPnnfHRricNW4u1cmPZJFLmJt9ZOXpfdM6rvYEYD5gXnu5ZtoXxjFuFw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9458333333333333" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、土地利用分类</strong></em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">只有地图上的粉色区域才有可能被重新开发</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OK8jDDvS7hOdZLtF5IialYwibiadk3a7CaFtpcyNJVoqFvpRLAnfoBSibmw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9520833333333333" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、棕色地带分类及分布</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"> 同时，引述Quod的报告：</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">大约一半没有住房的棕色地带目前处于有目的的使用状态—这一半是最适合再开发的—已经被指定在市长的机会区域（Mayor’s Opportunity Areas）加以改变。在如国王十字，斯塔拉福德和Nine Elms等地区，数以万计的住宅正在被建设。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">总的说来，在棕色地带建设更多意味着拆除已经存在那里的一切并将它们移到别的地方。或者这意味着斥资净化那里的前工业用地，或意味着投资在“土地集中”（购买足够的小地块直到你获得一个足够大的区域以值得再开发）。这很难说是一条捷径，我们已经正在采用的措施无论如何要相对容易的一些。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">作为结果，私人部门从未设法在一年内在伦敦的棕色地带建设超过18000套住宅。这是远远不够的。因此，如果我们期望解决这个麻烦事，我们需要看看其它选项。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">向上建</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，对于一系列有关“根据城市实际情况提高容量”的选项而言，这个措辞有一点过于简单化。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">向上建会意味着塔楼街区，而伦敦本身就不是想象中的以低层或多层建筑为主的城市。。。。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OVhYMYl7coPChFwHLNZynwQ/0" data-ratio="0.7291666666666666" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、已有的高层建筑</strong></em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">。。。28000个伦敦的家在10楼或者以上。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是许多人并不喜欢居住在塔楼街区。以及压力组织如More Light More Power 和the Skyline Campaign也对此显示了巨大的公众压力。因此，不太可能为了解决伦敦的住房危机而将整个地区变成曼哈顿。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">还有其他一些办法将更多的人塞进现有的居住区域，我们可以对住宅地产进行再开发：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3O1YGxUg0ic8KMQGvEKrflZicg/0" data-ratio="0.7875" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、伦敦住宅开发地图（有三分之二为社会住宅的地区）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这很好，因为公共部门已经拥有这些土地并倾向于建设良好的交通线。但引用Quod的报告，这里的问题是：</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">地产再开发不是一个快速而简单的解决办法。好的地产更新需要耗费多年时间（甚至数十年），以及大量的联合工作和努力。它也需要巨大的投资</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府已经承诺在全国范围投入140百万英镑再开发100个地产项目。更何况还存在将人们像铺草皮一样从他们的房子中搬出来，然后重建这些房子的困难，这不能被当做是“巨大的投资”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">或者我们可以提高郊区的密度：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Om6KeE8GBQPI6YPFpmssB3w/0" data-ratio="0.6791666666666667" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、伦敦居住用地的人口密度分布</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这听上去相当鼓舞人心：百分之二十的伦敦人口占据了它40%的居住用地。增加这些区域居住人数的10%，可以得到75000个住房。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这里的问题是这些郊区大部分是私人拥有的，以人们喜闻乐见的联排住宅的形式。政府被限制了强迫居民向开发商兜售自己土地的权力，即便整条街道上的绝大部分住户都同意，也不能保证每个人会这样做。而且，最低密度的区域大多都在外部（外围）镇区。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Od0ThR0icN0sugxQiaTBWc3PA/0" data-ratio="0.7104166666666667" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、居住密度划分的最高和最低人口数量</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这一点也不像是在对新的住宅提供支持，更像是在独立选举人之间摇摆不定。很好！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以，放弃。。。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17.9999px; box-sizing: border-box;">向外建</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦可以通过新花园城市来满足他的住房需求。但这意味着在任何远距离的、市长权力实际上被削弱的社区进行大规模建设和开发，在城镇和农村或许有他们自己的住房危机要应对。而且这意味着强迫人们承受更长距离和时间的通勤，同时破坏他们的生活质量和环境。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">幸运的是，这里可以有一个变通的办法，多于五分之一的大伦敦（22%）被划定为绿带。伦敦的14个区的绿带多于居住用地。同时大部分目前并不可达。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OmH8SMTbTyicwgSP6O2ushOw/0" data-ratio="0.7333333333333333" data-w="480"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、伦敦的绿带以及公共交通的可达性</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">…..这些通过了规划许可的土地价值已经获得保证。如果地方权威机构能够把握这个增值的机遇，他们将能够将资金输送到关键的交通基础设施建设上来。这就是为什么这份报告的头条是在绿带上建设是所有内容的一部分。这也解释了《标准晚报》的头条从何而来。以下是关键所在。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章段落:</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em>在大都市区绿带被设立以前，伦敦目睹了空前的发展率。刚好在二战以前，伦敦目前接近五分之一的住房在十年内的期间建成的。作为一个更小的和更为可控的适当的绿带可以是一个有效的途径来提供数量可观的新住房</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em>(。。。)</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em>这是一个合理合法的争论，关于伦敦的绿带是否可以被更好地安排利用，保证对美好环境的保护和公共可达，另外提供新的住房。新的市长将需要采取一个实用主义而非专制主义的视野。</em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em> </em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，在这个时刻，所有的争论都尘埃落定。四个主要政党的候选人（(Labour's Sadiq Khan, the Tories' Zac Goldsmith, the Lib Dem Caroline Pidgeon and the Green Sian Berry）都一致反对哪怕是动一下绿带。需要从策略和手段上给予公众支持，以坚持这个观点，那并不是在做一件缺乏理性的事情。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽管如此，一个在任何情况下都要绝对保护伦敦绿带的承诺，也会是一个无视伦敦住房危机的承诺。Goldsmith and Khan可以在竞选活动中谈论保护绿带。但下一任市长是否有足够的勇气去打破他们的承诺，并在办公室里做出正确的事情呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="width: 2.8em; float: right; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/sE9WEnpAAcxRadDMo3M25jEDtOuCCM7W6rxWjIGhksNtia2EhtyiarKZ9eVqt6fA9GqtkicLXviby4IWXC766pEqbg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.38636363636363635" data-w="44"  /> <section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box; background: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OmES1g6FB3gfZLLNUNCgiatgUKdI76YLqjFXeXM0yNR1tDG1FRNGRZxQ/0?wx_fmt=png") repeat-x;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em; height: 2.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 2.6em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(31, 156, 202);"><section style="width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0.36em 0px 0.35em 0.44em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-left-width: 1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.12em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-color: transparent; display: inline-block; font-size: 20.8px; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; padding: 1px 5px 0px; line-height: 1.2; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二、</strong><strong style="line-height: 1.19; box-sizing: border-box;">高科技地图如何帮助城市贫民区规划更好的街道</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-right-width: 0.5em; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-top-width: 1em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(211, 207, 206, 0.117647);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Laura Bliss、Aarian Marshall  翻译/ AMON</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></span><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-top-width: 1em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 44.8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">开</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">放的再街区化（Reblock）能够有助于更好地获得急需的公共服务，比如清洁的供水和医疗服务。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OrDtp2sRQib2Q4bKShwTvIGA/0" data-ratio="0.6654676258992805" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图九、</span></strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在巴西Recife的一个贫民窟区，居民们站在建于污染的水面之上的高架屋外面。</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在贫民窟，建筑物通常是如此密集地拥挤在一起，以致许多部分被切断了与街道和通道的联系，这造成一个个及其乏味的远离急需的公共服务设施的街道区块。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“在南非，政府部门常常会说非正规的居民点太密集而无法配置足够的服务设施” Charlton Ziervogel, 是以开普敦为基地、对贫民窟提供支持和帮助的非政府组织—社区组织资源中心的副主任，告诉城市实验室。“因此你会发现大都市区会设置卫生间，但只是在居民点的边缘，因为他们认为在其内部已经没有空间。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是一个严重的问题。在整个南半球，数以亿计的人居住在缺乏管道供水，良好的排水系统和公共卫生设施的贫民窟里—这是滋生携带病毒的昆虫和其它各种疾病的理想环境。为与类似Zika的传染病的斗争，专家们警告，城市贫困人口的生活条件必须被改善。但如果要这样做，许多贫民窟社区首先需要打开他们的空间。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个新的工具或许会有帮助。开放的再街区化（Open Reblock）是一个自由的、开放资源的平台(http://openreblock.org/)，设计来为了简化周详地重新组织贫民社区的过程。在OpenIDEO的资助下，该平台是由Santa Fe研究所、Sam Houston州立大学、伯克利大学、以及棚屋/贫民窟居住者国际共同参与的一项重要的联合研究的产物，一个全球网络和基于社区的组织，代表城市贫困群体。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">再街区化（Open Reblock）所需要的投入只是一个高质量的地图，包含了社区内每一份产业的细节情况和它与街道网络的连接情况。这个工具利用一个算法工具识别对一个贫民窟族群破坏性影响最小的重组方式，以便每个地块获得与街道联通的途径—将这个房屋向东微调2米，将道路向南延伸几米。它产生一个“再街区化（reblocked）”社区新的地图，其中居民可以调节他们的需求并利用来促使地方政府（或其它支持的资源）开始建设。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“如何改变贫民窟的物理环境？你需要深入了解居住在贫民窟的人群的知识，” 曾经为这个项目工作、与亚利桑那州立大学合作研究可持续问题的经济学家José Lobo说，这个工具，获取这些知识—实际上是通过地图—因此它“可以被分享、检查、重新访问，同时在只是最小程度破坏（现有环境）的时候发挥作用。”事实上，这个工具背后的哲学是，比起那些确实生活在其中和具有社会知识去理解人们是如何在他们的邻里活动的人，没有人处于一个更好的位置去规划一个社区。换句话说：这类事情将会在社区会议中非常有用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">简而言之，再街区化在有贫民窟之时起就开始在发挥作用—“它只是空间的游戏，” Ziervogel说到。在过去的数十年里，在窝棚/贫民窟居住者国际(http://www.sdinet.org/)的运作下，许多像他一样的组织，在全球范围内和贫民社区一同工作，通过运用手绘地图—转为设计软件—到逐步改进街道规划的方法，为贫民窟的正式再街区化而努力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">去年Flamingo Crescent，它是开普敦外围一个非正式的居住区，完成了再街区化，为其所有104位住户安装了自来水、卫生设施以及电力设施(http://sdinet.org/2015/02/launch-of-upgrading-at-flamingo-crescent-with-cape-town-mayor-patricia-de-lille/)。这个过程花费了近三年的时间，并有充分的理由：邻里之间为对他们各自拥有的物业贴心的改造顺理成章地达成协议，社区与非政府组织一同工作，地方政府怀着多种期望调整计划。技术（的运用）将有望加速这个进程。</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">视频一、南非开普敦</span></strong></em><em style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Flamingo Crescent的再街区化</span></span></strong></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><iframe class="video_iframe" style="   z-index:1; " height="375" width="500" frameborder="0" src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/preview.html?vid=w0194d1h9u7&width=500&height=375&auto=0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><br  /></span></strong></em></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“现在尽管有许多正式的城市规划中，但问题是我们如何解决贫民窟问题” Christa Brelsford说，一个在Santa Fe研究所的博士后研究员。“大家的共识是这项任务太困难了，所以唯一的方法是一切从零开始。但是对于那些居住在贫民窟的人们，并不认可这样的评价，同时也不愿意被重新安置。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究者非常清楚开放的再街区化工具（Reblock）不能做什么：命令社区成员将他们的房子夷为平地并重新安排他们在平直而简单的网格中。原生的方式偏爱并非直达既有家屋或者固定的邻里的路径，这意味着它们有些时候会出现些许扭转起伏。在社区成员与政府为提升街区族群的每一次共同工作中，实际的建造过程也注定是逐步而平缓的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">下列图示描述了在津巴布韦Harare的Epworth邻里一个再街区化的例子。左图显示这个区域再街区化以前的情况，黑色表示街道，没有和街道连接的物业用橙色表示。有连接的物业用灰色的虚线框出来。在中间是一张这个街区在再街区化过程中的情况，只有四个物业仍旧孤立于道路。右图是这个街区再街区化以后：所有的地块都与街道连接起来。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OhN5zjZemKoMlbQZHtYJLnQ/0" data-ratio="0.289568345323741" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">津巴布韦 Harare的Epworth邻里，一个再街区化的案例</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终，研究者们认为，这个工具可以在线或离线使用。他们希望在三个月内完成原型。同时，Brelsford将和其他研究团队的成员一起到内罗毕考察，从一个设计的视角去对贫民窟获得更多的了解。最后，SDI将在南非选取一个社区，首次应用再街区化工具。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">虽然这个使得再街区化过程得以合理简化的工具的潜力是巨大的，但它并非一了百了的银弹。“这个解决之道需要一个特定的社会过程作为其中的一部分，” Ziervogel说。“技术方案不能被简单地抛售给社区。社区成员需要介入和参与到形成和引导这个过程中来。”他补充到，如果没有如SDI及其许多在当地的分支机构那样的社区驱动组织的基础工作，像再街区化这样的工具甚至不会存在。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“对SDI的工作的定义的一部分是帮助社区将他们自己放到地图上，” Lobo说到。他描述了贫民区能够吸引到的力量和关注——从政府那里，从政府服务那里，从居住在城市里的其他成员那里——通过创造一条指向这个人们居住和工作之地方的方法。“那个小小的地图正是贫民窟居住的人们与权势者之间一个巨大的争论的议题所在。‘他们说‘我们正在让自己可见。’他们希望也需要告诉专家们自己住在哪里。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(3, 154, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、</strong><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">《当绿带不再足够的时候 - 伦敦增长的战略选择》</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3Oia2CiazBB2Ldwia9ppIMHbwrQ/0" data-ratio="0.7428057553956835" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OrUyZeMxGFQI3wZ8bPwBicicQ/0" data-ratio="0.7014388489208633" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3OJ0tljr3uvJwMH5XAibgKicKA/0" data-ratio="0.7068345323741008" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://mmsns.qpic.cn/mmsns/mee9Bdh9Tiaic0nYeF7awYHsia7J9ibP6p3ODFtuMeOcKThetVOMybayTw/0" data-ratio="0.7014388489208633" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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