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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">        本文为中国城市规划设计研究院住房与住区研究所张璐在“2019年度CAUPD业务交流会”上做的报告，感谢作者授权发布。感谢会议主办单位总工室等部门提供的资源支持！</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: center;font-size: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0.2em;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;overflow: hidden;background-position: 45.1749% 24.5283%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 342.488%;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.1em 0.1em 0.15em;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDeickVha7bSB9GztWfhaE6ict9s0qJ1TUibPT38vic64UnrtocibAfzP97T9xB6dTxcfmicsZ5ibk91DLKow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 114px;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5611111" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDeickVha7bSB9GztWfhaE6ict9s0qJ1TUibPT38vic64UnrtocibAfzP97T9xB6dTxcfmicsZ5ibk91DLKow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="height: 63.9531px;width: 114px;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><strong style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">演讲者∣</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: center;">张璐 </span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">中国城市规划设计研究院住房与住区研究所 </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDfY0xEw9y1rgNzewmDYOiaEicAVv78u3ibBk2x2Nurpu0uGeNvU317ODFjdKBpZ4bXstFFAmoBkndvgw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="949" data-cropy1="97.64079422382672" data-cropy2="328.8953068592058" data-ratio="0.24446786090621708" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDfY0xEw9y1rgNzewmDYOiaEice4e5icdETibJibfPSwD9AOib4r2yYdtuAbAPLDaoDFS2IExOZSEFe0BricQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="949" style="height: 135px;width: 554px;"  /></p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">“住有所居”成为我国住房发展的总体目标</span></strong></span><br  /></p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">自2007年“十七大”报告首提“住有所居”的目标以来，国家持续推进住房制度深化改革，在住房领域方面的公共职能不断加强。我国从全面建成小康社会迈入到全面实现现代化的开篇时期，住房发展也进入到量质并举的新阶段。新阶段尤需关注住房短缺问题基本解决后的住房结构性矛盾。未来，持续健全完善住房制度和住房保障体系，是支撑未来我国人居环境提升和可持续城镇化的重要任务。</span></p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">报告从我国城镇住房保障水平的发展现状与趋势、以“新市民”为主要出发点的住房保障需求研判、关于我国城镇住房保障发展的几点思考三方面来讨论和思考我国城镇住房保障发展。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 22px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(231, 62, 37);"><strong>0<span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(231, 62, 37);box-sizing: border-box;">1</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇住房保障水平的发展现状与趋势</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇住房保障制度的发展历程</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从历史上看，1998年和2008年是我国住房发展的两个划时代节点。自98年房改以后，以经济适用房为主的供应体系没有成功构建。伴随着经适房建设总量和建设结构的下调，住房保障对象的范围显著缩小，即从覆盖大多数群体的最低收入和中低收入家庭，进一步聚焦到了低收入家庭。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于房价快速上涨带来的住房困难问题越发显著，同时叠加上全球金融危机，国家在2008年开启了保障性安居工程建设，尤其在“十二五”期间提出了3600万套和20%的覆盖目标，保障房供给和覆盖面显著提升。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.45625" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDfY0xEw9y1rgNzewmDYOiaEiciaVXsXNmEJevVBofGdoKkhKo2GiaVyW8Nn2BMTic3wKhET6xKC9hLIo1w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="960" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:8.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:8.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:8.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇住房保障的发展水平 </strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2010年，城镇保障性住房覆盖面约6.5%，总体住房保障覆盖面仅11%。通过“十二五”时期的建设，各类保障性住房建设总量达约8369万套，保障覆盖面约30%。如果考虑未建成、未分配、周转闲置、历史房源转售等实际情况校核，实际覆盖水平约25%左右。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，我国既有的大量具有福利性质的住房在供需体系里发挥了非常重要的作用。比如，即使在未考虑“十二五”大幅增加的保障性安居工程基础上，山西省的政策性住房覆盖面已经高达46.2%。未来在全国和地方的住房政策制定中，需要统筹各类福利性住房，充分考虑广义层面的住房保障覆盖水平。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2820237" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDfY0xEw9y1rgNzewmDYOiaEicWGLUYibDFs3Nalt2ibVLHo491yoTBFRMFvMq8O3TiaZ0LSeoG6mmPuEng/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="929" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:12.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:12.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.3</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:12.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇住房保障的发展阶段与趋势</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">住房保障水平发展不是一个线性增长的过程，基于不同的社会经济发展阶段，一般呈现一个“倒U”型曲线。评价住房保障的发展阶段，对于制定住房政策有非常重要的支撑意义。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6948718" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDfY0xEw9y1rgNzewmDYOiaEiceZqE5KibRgibdltTpwIOP0xUzLr4YglNKo0SZ0ZV6gdj9D2HkgMk22jA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="390" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从国际经验看，保障性住房快速建设阶段与城镇化快速推进阶段同期，一般在城镇化进入成熟期时达到峰值，与新建住房总量呈现出较强的正相关性，一定程度受到战争和经济危机等重大事件的影响。在保障性住房多元供给阶段，保障房新建规模回落，与新增适龄人口(20-25岁）呈现出较强的正相关性。政策重点由规模供给转向方式优化，通过鼓励多联主体的参与保障性住房的建设，通过以货币补贴来代替实物建设，实现对保障模式的优化。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国大规模保障房建设起步较晚，存量储备仍有不足。考虑到当前我国仍处于快速城镇化阶段，城镇新增住房需求仍处高位，以农业转移人口、新就业大学生为代表的新市民的住房问题依旧相当严峻，住房保障需求较大。整体判断，我国仍处于住房保障水平和规模快速发展的上行阶段，有必要持续增加住房保障供给，适度扩大保障范围。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(231, 62, 37);"><strong>0<span style="color: rgb(231, 62, 37);box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以“新市民”为主要出发点的住房保障需求研判</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:18.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:18.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:18.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新市民需求成为深化房改和优化住房保障的主要出发点</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">“十二五”以来，户籍家庭住房困难极大缓解，公租房已使城镇低保家庭基本实现应保尽保，新市民成为我国住房制度改革和住房保障体系优化的主要出发点。新市民主要指以农民工为主体的外来务工人员和以大学生为主体的新就业职工。他们在城市里缺乏发展基础，而消费能力相对较低，通过自身能力改善住房条件的能力相对局限。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:21.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:21.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:21.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新市民住房困难问题仍较为突出</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，新市民群体的住房困难问题仍然较为突出。以农民工为例，他们在部分大城市正规租赁市场支付能力相对不足，消费意愿普遍立足于底限需要，改善住房条件的消费意愿不强。在北京、上海的调查显示，外来务工人员租住农房的平均月租仅700-1500元左右，实际支出最高不超过全家收入的30%，最低甚至只有7%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于消费意愿低、正规市场支付能力不足，很多中低收入外来务工人员选择城中村、老旧小区、地下室的居住模式，这些住房面积小，不符合基本的安全卫生标准，缺乏采光通风供暖设施。这种不符合基本居住标准的低水平的“有房住”不是我们政策所希望实现的“住有所居”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:23.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:23.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:23.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“新市民”难以公平纳入城镇住房保障</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，新市民仍难以公平纳入到城镇住房保障当中。从供给端方面看，在同等收入和住房困难的情况下，非户籍的群体难以真正享受到和户籍居民同等的保障权利。受地方政府财力制约、保障意愿等多重因素的影响，部分大城市对外来人口申请住房保障的要求较为苛刻，如要求社保年限、学历职称等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在地级以上城市，符合公租房准入条件的外来人口群体比例是较高的。而市场调查显示，真正获取政府的租赁住房的外来人口比例远低于本地城镇的户籍家庭。同时，非户籍群体中的保障受益群体也相对局限，政府提供给非户籍人口的保障房，绝大多数是针对制造业员工的园区公租房，对收入较低又难以获取单位住房的服务业“新居民”考虑不足。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:25.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:25.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.4</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:25.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">住房保障与“新市民” 需求不能充分适应</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从需求端看，保障供给与“新市民”需求不能充分适应。公租房区位普遍偏远，远离就业中心，与外来务工人员“以业定居”的择居导向不相匹配。相比城中村等农房，保障房不具备价格吸引力。绵阳调查显示，同区位的公租房比城中村的农房租金高出近40%。保障房的套型设计和面积对单身和小家庭的青年租赁需求考虑不足。例如，大同超过90%的外来务工人员偏好20平米以下的独立房间，这与市场上长租公寓的供给结构高度匹配。但政府提供的公租房主要是60平米为主的小套型，单间大小为30至45平米，这与“新市民”低总价小户型的要求存在错位。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:27.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:27.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-right-width: 2px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-top-style: none;border-bottom-style: none;border-left-style: none;background-color: rgb(181, 218, 216);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="8.0000%"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.5</strong></p></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:27.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-width: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="92.0000%"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于差异化需求的新市民住房保障策略</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width:0;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来，需要针对新市民与户籍居民不同的需求特征，提升供给针对性和有效性。稳定就业的外来务工人员租赁需求旺盛，大城市租赁比例尤高，目前37%的外出农民工租赁社会住房，并且这种租赁需求比例与城市等级呈现正相关性。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">外来务工人员群体</strong>，未来的政策重点是引导其主动去改善过低的居住条件，突破传统的雇主提供的单一住房的方式，为多样化家庭结构需求来提供多样化类型选择。在具体方式上，大城市以租赁需求为主，增加中心就业地区周边的低总价、单间/小户型租赁房供给或采用租赁补贴。重视公交与电动车出行便捷性，远郊地铁周边由于交通成本过高，并非外来务工人员择居的首选。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">大学生</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">为主的新就业职工需求有所不同。未来，新市民的素质逐渐提高，预计在“十四五”期间新增劳动力中，约有70%具有大专及以上学历。这类知识结构下的群体更加重视住房的综合环境品质，对通勤时间的承受性相对高。在不同发展阶段，他们对住房的租购需求有所不同。住房支付压力主要集中在工作初期，从长远看，稳定居住落户意愿和购房的意愿相对强烈。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">对这类群体，未来的政策重点是降低定居的成本，扶持工作初期和创业初期的人才安居，以实现城市的“筑巢引凤”。保障方式上，应分成长阶段需求予以住房支持：就业初期给予租赁扶持，而在5年后的成长期则要根据城市的实际情况来适当考虑产权住房的支持。根据他们的需求，在区位上选择相对距离较远、地铁衔接便捷、综合品质较高的实物保障方式。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从供需两端差异性考虑租购并举的住房供给结构。需求的差异，决定了不同地区、不同城市住房保障供给策略的不同。针对不同城镇化导向、住房市场特征的城市，保障供给需要“一城一策”。需要重点关注北、上、广等，住房可支付性较差、库存较小，人口控制导向非常严格的城市，聚焦于 “居住适当性”和特定化的租赁需求选择合适的保障方案。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(231, 62, 37);"><strong>0<span style="color: rgb(231, 62, 37);box-sizing: border-box;">3</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于我国城镇住房保障发展的几点思考</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">思考一：关于我国住房保障发展的价值取向</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同住房发展价值理念下的各国住房保障范围差异较大。国际上既有日本、美国这样适当介入的社会型政府，也有新加坡、德国这样的全面型政府。我国未来的住房发展价值导向，需回到对“住有所居”目标的理解。“住有所居”是中国对联合国所提出的适当住房权的中国回应，适当住房权是联合国积极倡导的国家义务，也已成为发达国家和地区住房发展的核心目标。从“适当住房权”角度认识“住有所居”，其内涵阐释为“人人享有适当住房”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">住房保障体系的目标对象，应包括全部城镇常住家庭，特别是非户籍家庭。强调使“所有”居民都能够获得适当住房，而非仅仅强调“人均”、“户均”等平均标准。在享有层次上，强调对居住权的保障，包括拥有住房产权和租赁居住。“享有”的途径包括市场和保障两种方式。而在适当层面，聚焦于居住质量，并包括物质、经济、社会、文化等多重维度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">受国情和能力限制，我国已经从全面责任型的政府过渡到市场与保障双轨制的社会型政府，保障发展目标应当是补充市场机制不足，照顾弱势群体。从国民经济消费习惯和文化理念上来看，以人民为中心，以美好生活需求为导向的住房供给需要适度考虑居民对产权住房的要求，通过住房资产的调节促进社会财富分配。因此， 我国“住有所居”住房保障的发展理念，不仅需要有“保基本“的底线职责，也要有”优扶持”的弹性目标，从而构建一个具有中国特色的住购并举的保障机制。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">思考二：关于租购并举的住房保障体系优化</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国住房保障体系持续演变中，对住房保障及其包含的住房类型与保障对象并未形成稳定、明确的界定。当前的住房保障体系，仍存在多方面的问题。首先对保障范围和对象的界定不够科学合理，存在准入门槛与消费能力存在脱节的问题，实际租购商品房存在支付困难的 “夹心层”住房仍较为困难。例如，北京保障房准入支付标准滞后于收入和房价变化，且显著超过合理可支付性范围，大量超过住房合理可支付性而又达不到公租房门槛的家庭事实上被住房保障体系排斥在外。此外，保障房型不明晰，向特殊群体的扩大化导致保障公平性争议。原部分经适房覆盖对象模糊宽泛，导致较高收入群体的占用。棚改拆迁房以及面向公务员、教师、人才等特殊群体提供的住房，与住房保障的关系含糊不清。当前，随着保障性安居工程内涵的扩大，住房保障的概念也越来越宽泛，我们需思考保障性安居工程是否等同于住房保障，对住房本身的改善是否解决了人的住房困难的问题。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于这样的思考，我们认为，住房保障的初心是在市场能力不足的情况下，解决弱势群体的住房的问题。差异化的住房支付能力是评判住房保障对象和体系构建的核心要素，它既不能被户籍、职业身份以及学历来限制，也不等同于民生改造工程。因此，需要在“保基本”和“优扶持”的价值理念下，基于不同的住房支付能力，构建两个层次的住房保障供给。对符合条件的，租赁市场住房存在困难的家庭，提供配租型保障性住房。这是基本性住房保障，是在国家统一的准入原则下，各地必须提供的类型。对可以租赁市场住房，但是购买住房存在困难的群体可以选择性提供配置性保障住房，作为一种提升型的住房保障，各地可以因地制宜制定类型和标准，并进行选择性供给。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">思考三：关于合理适度的住房保障标准</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">适度标准是实现公平保障的重要条件，既要避免标准过低造成基本住房权利和人格尊严的损失，也要避免标准过高，从而减少非必要者的过剩需求和寻租效益。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前我国保障房面积和设施标准过于单一，导致一定的公平性和适应性问题，以建筑面积为衡量单位，不同结构形式和南北地域建筑设计下实际套内面积不公平。普遍一刀切的60平米对不同生命阶段和家庭成员结构的适应性缺乏考虑，同时现有标准主要聚焦于面积的标准，对住房和住区设施配套缺乏针对性指导。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从国际经验看，住房标准是各国制定住房发展目标的基础。WHO欧洲区、联合国欧洲经济委员会、美国、日本都有非常明确的住房标准的引导。比如，日本住房标准的制定和修改完善，一直与住房规划编制和住房发展相辅相成，日本把未达到最低居住面积的家庭比例始终作为国家住房保障发展的一个重要的衡量指标。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国2020的小康标准是国家层面以及地方层面制定住房政策和提供住房空间供给的一个核心依据。在如今从小康到全面实现现代化的新阶段，我们迫切需要以“住有所居”目标为引领，构建新的住房标准及保障标准。这套标准应涵盖数量层面、质量层面以及经济可支付层面三个维度的评价，将达到“住有所居”标准的家庭比例作为衡量城市生活质量发展、人居环境水平的重要衡量指标，从而为住房转型和城市转型，提供新的评价和引领方向。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">报告整理：张园.</span></p><section style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 549.09px;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(178, 185, 192) 1px 0px 10px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="bottom: auto;left: auto;right: auto;top: auto;"><img data-ratio="0.7516667" data-type="png" data-w="600" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zAYw2wjLZyQG1LpibrfsAo9U1Lj6rp3mpD8kcOUoWIQZpPicEY1xTEfWA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -70px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2887865" data-type="png" data-w="651" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zvgoCkWzz2ichtMgfn1ibkhibXasdbeyeZoBUIib7ZAuAadgGBKicuNhFjKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(133, 118, 106);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">城乡规划行业的“</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">问卷星</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">”</span></strong></span></span></strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 129, 36);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 22px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">随行问卷</strong></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><section style="padding: 2px 8px;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4em;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击图片 一键注册</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;"><img data-ratio="1.2" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="50" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDfkCyIPiaKRxGLWsVz5SZBChuuszynibrlfSF28YZ2TJjiasv1ibVlF0XexSI43PbMUeXdT1C0XoZnYCg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">住房保障</span></strong></span></p>
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