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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf7m2ia4TWlaJMFAlX54ZUCf3Y6f9U6SV01scCcvXZ5N3O5WIIeiba77QA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf7m2ia4TWlaJMFAlX54ZUCf3Y6f9U6SV01scCcvXZ5N3O5WIIeiba77QA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、博士生导师、中国城市规划学会山地城乡规划学术委员会副主任委员杨贵庆，上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司蔡一凡在《规划师》2020年第3期撰文，文章通过建构浙江黄岩乌岩古村传统村落三维空间模型，计算建筑、院落及街巷空间的高程、距离、面积和宽度等空间量化因子；对应调查村落的家族辈分、房族地位和家族主要活动等内容，定量研究传统村落空间结构与家族社会之间的关联性，为保护和利用传统村落提供参考。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 传统村落；空间结构；家族社会；黄岩区；乌岩古村</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)03-0058-07　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU982.29</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]杨贵庆，蔡一凡．浙江黄岩乌岩古村传统村落空间结构与家族社会关联研究[J]．规划师，2020(3)：58-64．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究假设和意义</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法国社会学家列斐伏尔提出，空间是社会关系的存<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在，空间不仅是社会关系发生的媒介，还是社会关系和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行为的产物。从生产力与生产关系的理论可知，生产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力决定生产关系进而构建了社会关系，而社会关系又需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要相适应的空间关系来承载。因此，空间关系一定与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会关系相互诠释，传统村落的空间结构与其家族社会</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间也应存在相互关联性。如果这一假设成立，那么传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统村落的空间结构与其对应的家族社会之间的关联性究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">竟如何呈现？</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将传统村落空间结构与其家族社会进行对应研究，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其意义不仅有助于深入理解传统村落的历史文化特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">挖掘历史文化要素，为保护和传承传统村落的规划设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提供重要依据，还有助于积极利用传统村落历史文化要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素，促进乡村新的功能再生和活力培育，为乡村产业振</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴、文化振兴等提供基础。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文中的几个关键词界定如下：</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)“传统村落”借用了《住房城乡建设部、文化<span style="text-indent: 2em;">部、国家文物局、财政部关于开展传统村落调查的通知》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">(2012 年) 中的定义：“村落形成较早，拥有较丰富</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的传统资源，具有一定历史、文化、科学、艺术、社会、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济价值，应予以保护的村落。”</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)“空间结构”，即传统村落中建筑与建筑、建<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑与场地的关联，本文中将这一概念具体演绎为传统村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落中的广场、街巷、各种规模的院落空间、与村落相邻</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并具有生产生活功能的河道、桥梁、田</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地和家族祖先墓地等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)“家族社会”是指在传统村落中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以血缘、亲缘关系为纽带组成的家族之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的关联。本文中将这一概念具体演绎</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为家族的族群关系结构(包括辈分关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等)、房族地位、房族规模和家族公共活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动等。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献研究</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）关于传统村落空间结构与社会关联的研究</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近代我国对于乡村社会的早期研究<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以追溯到20世纪初的乡村研究、乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村运动和乡村建设等，涌现了一批我国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村社会研究的先驱，如吴文藻、费孝</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通、梁漱溟等人。20世纪80年代改革</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放初期，传统村落研究不断出现了基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于建筑学和文化语境下的传统民居、水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡古镇和传统村落等一系列研究。之后，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人类学、社会学、城乡规划、风景园林</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等学科深入研究空间与空间背后驱动力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的相互关系。拙文《我国传统村落空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体性特征及其社会学意义》较为系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地分析了传统村落空间结构与社会语义</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的关联，研究提出了传统村落整体性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间特征：与自然环境条件的协调性、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住与生产活动空间组合的有机性、建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑群体空间形态的聚合性，以及村落内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部公共中心场所的标识性。何依等人研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究分析了家族构成与村落空间的耦合关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系，从家族领域的界定和家族空间的修</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">复揭示村落空间变迁的内在规律与整合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法，采用解释性定性方式解释了家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">庭结构所导致的空间关系，强调空间改</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造的历史性作用。此外，在物质空间和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人类社会的研究中，建筑人类学逐渐成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为一种专门的研究视角和方法。庄齐从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑人类学视角深入调研，分析了聚落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族血缘关系和村落团块结构的关系。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">吕峰从建筑人类学的视角研究了聚落微</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观建筑层面的空间和细节，在聚落格局</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和建筑形制中建立了与宗族的联系，从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会层面关注宗族的群体关系和地脉构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成对空间的影响。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从已有的研究成果看，针对传统村<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落空间与家族社会结构的研究已有不少，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但研究方法主要采用定性分析，研究内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容主要关注整体空间结构、空间秩序、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑形态和户内空间。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）关于传统村落空间特征的定量研究</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间分析的定量方法是具体阐释空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间特征的直观路径。近年来，学术界开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">始尝试采用定量方法来解读乡村空间。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一些学者通过关系图解和一系列参数值</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对村落的物理空间进行分析，作为空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更新改造的基础。例如，曹俊华等人借</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鉴空间句法的定量方法，对山西礼泉袁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家村村落空间进行空间形态解读，通过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算全局整合度和空间深度来分析村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的可达性，并与现状空间特征和实际使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用频率进行比对。王月涛在物理空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分析的基础上形成了对聚落单元改造的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">策略。比尔·希列尔等人提出“空间句</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法一定程度上完善了人类学的方法，并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">且其可观、理性以及可量化的操作超越</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统研究方法”。然而，目前采用空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间句法的研究主要关注物理空间特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较少涉及其背后的社会结构。另有一些</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究通过建立一套新的量化指标体系来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">描述乡村的空间特征。例如，浦欣成提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出空间结构的量化指数、建筑秩序的量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化指数和传统乡村聚落平面形态量化指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数，以及三者形态指数之间的关联性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">采用计算建筑节点网络的聚集性强度进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行可视化的研究。杨希梳理了近20年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国内外乡村聚落布局形态定量研究方法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进展，指出“村落布局研究大致经历</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了由形态分析转向因子关系分析的过程，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并逐渐探求数据的可视化表现”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，针对乡村空间的定量研<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究除了单纯的空间解读外，需更加关注</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于形态背后影响因素的探索，以此来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理解形态的内在含义并指导规划建设。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于保存相对完好的传统村落，其空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构的量化指标所反映的内在空间逻辑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应该可以成为认识家族社会关系的重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">途径。建立以空间量化分析来揭示空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构及其背后家族社会结构的关联性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可为传统村落保护和利用工作提供规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计与建设基础。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究方法</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）定量分析法</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过定量分析方法，可以较为客观<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地反映传统村落物质空间结构的要素尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度与特征，并可建立与其空间形态背后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族社会关联性的分析。采用小方格网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平面尺度的划分方法，将传统村落空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细分为若干标准平面单位，从而计量空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间数据，作为关联度比较分析的依据。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体来说，研究通过还原传统村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展较为成熟时期的空间结构与分布状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">况，以“2m×2m”的格网单位建立三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">维地形模型。选取空间的距离、高程、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积及宽度作为定量研究因子，基于对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族谱系、社会阶级地位与社会行为等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的调研，分析得出辈分排位、辈距、房</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族规模大小、社会阶级重要性、传统观</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">念和社会行为特征等家族社会结构，继</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而与户外空间特征的定量分析结果进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对应研究。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选取“2m×2m”作为格网单元空<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间尺度的理由是：①通过比对案例村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的实际空间特征，2m是村落空间场地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权属划分的较好尺度，每户村民分配到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的开间宽度及院落划分的尺度能被较为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准确地划分和表达；②2m的尺度能较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">好地反映不同网格的高程和形态差异，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保证分析比照的精准程度，既避免划分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过大而带来的粗糙，又避免划分过小而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造成的复杂计算。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）量化因子的确定</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一般来说，家族社会结构关系可以<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从空间资源与价值的占有度、重要场所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的功能联系度及空间形态的控制程度来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现。本文将传统村落空间结构特征划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分为空间价值、功能联系与空间形态3类，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并以此来选取格网分析的量化指标，对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应分析家族社会结构的关联性(表1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3814815" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfiasQt4MNt7ia7KSnic89leLpsp65aksNEH45dtKNkDyW5Roz5T0OiaLxAA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选取高程、距离、面积及宽度作为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定量因子的原因主要是：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 空间价值和功能联系度是乡村户<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外空间分配及空间生产中重要的考量因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素。以上的空间定量因子能够直观地反</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">映空间资源和价值及其与周边建筑或环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境的联系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 高程、距离、面积及宽度是人体<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尺度下可以被感知且可测量的空间要素。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为这些因子对于人们是可感知的空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特征，所以在乡村户外空间生产的阶段，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些因子是人们有意识控制和布局的要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素。在家族社会结构影响下，这些因子</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也体现出对应于社会结构的差异性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 采用定量研究因子的绝对值和相<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对值作为分析数据，绝对值可以反映个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体和其他实体的空间关系，而通过多组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对值的比较可以反映相对空间关系和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特性，从而反映整体的空间特性和户外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间特征。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例研究</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）浙江黄岩乌岩古村概况</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乌岩古村位于浙江省黄岩区宁溪镇，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是浙东极具特色的传统村落，至今留存</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了110间清代乡土建筑，具有较为完整</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的村落格局。自清代中叶落址以来，村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落始终由陈氏单姓家族一脉相承，逐步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成了有机的户外空间。该村于2014年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被列为浙江省历史文化村落保护利用重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点培育村；2015年被列为浙江省第二批</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重点保护利用古村落；2019年被评为中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国传统村落。乌岩古村发源于清代中叶，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民国时期至今形成了相对稳定的家族社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会结构和相对完整的村落格局。因此，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究以民国时期作为时间切片，对村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的户外空间特征和家族社会结构进行研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究分析。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究在村民口述和历史资料记载的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础上，梳理了民国时期的家族关系网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络，包括家族树中成员的辈分关系、社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会阶级与家族地位等信息；定量研究以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民国时期作为时间切片，以“2m×2m”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的单元格网建立三维地形模型(图1)。<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;">三维地形模型还原了现状中部分坍塌的</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">四合院祖屋、被拆除的台门空间和陈氏</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">祠堂等历史空间，以呈现民国时期较为</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">真实的村落空间。研究选取空间距离、</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">高程、面积及宽度作为定量因子进行分</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">析。</span></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.796748" data-w="738" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfvsb1yUS6wdbULgzdiaWhasmuJCcBPCbr1mBvxWq5gbbFTBYEWaMzbYQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）陈氏祠堂和墓地布局的相对高程与祖先崇拜的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族成员之间除了血缘联系外，通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过共同信仰相互约束和联系。旧时的宗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">教礼俗传统中，单姓的家族村落重视以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">祠堂作为家族权利和纽带的载体，这种</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间所体现的意识形态是在特定时期形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的，同时在单姓家族中也是群体意识</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态的体现。乌岩古村陈氏的宗教信仰，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一为神灵崇拜，二为祖先崇拜。除了在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">演教寺特定时期的大型祭祀外，村中主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要祭祀活动都集中在陈氏祠堂。陈氏祠</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">堂象征着家族成员与已逝祖先的血脉联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系和尊崇信仰。祠堂的选址对家族来说</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">象征着宗族兴衰，据考乌岩古村从前的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">祠堂建在村口西南侧，其地理位置顺应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了背山面水的风水信仰，靠近村口古桥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和河口的显著位置具有控制性作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">陈氏祠堂居于五部溪下游，高程为<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">104.35m。相较于村落其他建筑的高程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(106.69～113.77m)，祠堂处于整个村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落最低的地方。场所高程的特殊性和空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间显著度突显了陈氏祠堂祭祀活动的重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要性。这种高程差异所体现出的场所特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">殊性还反映在墓地的选址上。家族墓地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在东侧山上，依循枕山面水的风水格局，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位置相对独立，且与村落保持了一定的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对距离，从而区分了生与死的场所。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据相对高程图和位置图(图2，图3)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">陈氏祠堂、村落、墓地分别处于不同的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高程，并形成3个相对独立的空间区块，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别代表着联系生死的场所、生人的场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所及亡灵的场所。从祭祀场所和其他空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的相对高程表(表2) 可以看出，住宅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与墓地相对高程远高于其他空间之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对高程，数值普遍超过20m，可见墓</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地占据相对特殊的高程位置。陈氏祠堂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和住宅的相对高程没有体现出明显的特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">殊数据，与住宅间的相对高程类似，为0</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～12.4m，由此反映了村民与陈氏祠堂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的联系相对紧密，祠堂处于村民共同活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动范围中。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.362963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBft3OdO1L8h1IQ8mX2W6iaBhXM7C7ZzvQ9BicrBGmnwKaQINAibulgU3Pqw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3138889" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfzhScGLdhbnvCNKZibZKiajicBXgiaZp7CmVOgW03l2ajzHSvyKb8L9BWJw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4509259" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBffUzR7ySQ3ZJgwuq9b0w7RBZy2nZVCVx9a3LhmbI0icCib1bp0e3Cc2jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，户外空间相对高程和家<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族信仰存在一定的关联性。空间相对高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程的区别，体现了不同场所所承载的相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关社会活动或行为的差异性和特殊性。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）村落住宅布局与陈氏祠堂的相对距离及其与祭祀活动的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住宅到祠堂的距离设定是家族对于<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场所可达性和社会活动重要性的反映。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究通过计算住宅到陈氏祠堂的路径距</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">离，反映村民生活场所和公共祭祀活动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间的户外空间关系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在乌岩古村中，与陈氏祠堂的距离<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最短的住宅属于祖辈大房、二房及其后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代。根据路径距离可以看出，具有更高家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族地位的成员对应了与祖先神灵更近的路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径距离，范围为82.1～121.9m；相对而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">言，祖辈三房及祖辈旁系家族地位较低，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离陈氏祠堂的路径距离也较长，范围</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为215.5～247.1m。通过计算，房族间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的日常互访路径范围为16.3～67.3m，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族内最远的可达路径为208.2m。从各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个住宅到陈氏祠堂的距离范围为82.1～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">247.1m。总体而言，家族成员间日常走</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">访的距离都比到陈氏祠堂的路径短(表3)。<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;">由此可见，祭祀活动相异于一般日常活</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">动，场所位置相对独立，并非处于村民</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">日常活动的范围中。从路径路线上看，</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">陈氏祠堂位于进出村落的必经之路，并</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">在村落主要街道一侧。这一祭祀场所的</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">特殊位置体现了祭祀活动的公共性和汇</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">聚性(图4)。</span></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.512963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfibu7T0E6uvXmTV0kqepp0R1sk9c2zuFnCfrY56JIV4TNSCvaj42jvog/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5698925" data-w="465" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfiaIgotPMz8UzHAAk3LwY0CjibH5mQmzicGxcljwzhOTDnubvUG6x7WKwg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，房族地位与陈氏祠堂的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路径距离存在较高的关联性。依循传统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族的尊卑关系，房族地位越高，路径</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离陈氏祠堂越近，也意味着和祖先的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密切度越高。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）村落住宅布局与宗堂中心的相对距离及其与房族关系的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">房族作为家族和家庭之间的次级结<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构，村落存在以房族为社会单元的祭祀</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统和生产活动。空间上，由家族关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建构的空间由于家族关系的亲疏远近形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成了各自的房族中心，房族中心设置一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个公共祭祀的宗堂，以表达对自然力控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制的敬重，以及对祖先保佑的感恩。乌</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">岩古村的宗堂是房屋中的公共部分，位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于房屋轴线中央，是住在同一屋内几户</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人重要的社交场所。一楼接待客人，二</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">楼祭拜祖先，如观音、土地公、灶神爷等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其选址具有明显的标示性。宗堂往往与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">户外院落或广场相连，形成一个公共场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所的组合系统。以宗堂为房族公共活动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的中心场所，辐射周边住宅形成房族组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">团空间，是村民祭祀、拜访互助、办婚</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事和办丧事的日常活动区域。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过剖析以宗堂为核心的乡邻日常<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动范围来理解房族组团空间与社会场域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的对应关系。以宗堂和院落的中心为圆心，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以辐射到的住宅边缘最远距离为半径，进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行空间的定量分析。曾祖辈和祖辈房族到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宗堂的辐射半径约为30.4m，父辈熙字</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辈的宗堂辐射半径为32.7m。子辈宗堂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辐射半径随房族地位递减，长子房族为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">26.9m、小弟房族为23.7m、旁系后代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为18.7m。到了第五代孙辈锡字辈的住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅内不再设置宗堂，住宅的公共院落也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相应消失(图5)。数据表明，宗堂和院</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落空间的辐射范围与家族辈分的对应性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较高，但也存在一定偏差。父辈宗堂的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辐射半径为32.7m，略高于曾祖辈宗堂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辐射半径30.4m(表4)，成为村落公共性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最强的房族中心。这一对应性的偏差可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能是由于父辈房族的人口规模较大，且</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">房族成员中有社会阶级较高的地主和士</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绅阶级，使得父辈房族占据的空间面积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体较大。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4876033" data-w="484" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfq9ctDLX4pvpibgq8JlfpaMHjiaSehu1JCmmlA3QRy10C7eqpq3zoVj4g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3416667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBflRFyZeIFSHXkpaX5xqxE1AQoRRy7iaGO7PmQgrQdH24GlagkC5uA89w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，以房族为中心的社会场<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域和邻里的互动范围为20～30m，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间上表现为宗堂和院落所辐射的周边住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅。影响这一户外空间特征的主导影响因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素是家族辈分。随着辈分的降低，宗堂的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重要性减弱，辐射到的住宅到所属宗堂的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离也相应减少。同时，房族的规模和社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会阶级也会影响宗堂辐射范围。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）村落住宅布局与祖屋的相对距离及其与家族首位度的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于空间的扩展是随着社会成员的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">增加而形成的，建筑间的距离越近，意</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">味着家族血缘关系或情感联系越亲密。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与上文中计算住宅到陈氏祠堂的相对路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径距离不同，家族成员到祖屋不存在日</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常频繁的走访互动，因此在计算和祖屋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的距离时并未采用相对路径距离，而是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">采用了建筑几何中心之间的最短直线距</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">离，以此来体现户外空间的相对关系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">祖屋作为家族地位最高的空间，位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于村落的几何中心，其他子孙后代住宅以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此为中心展开。通过计算，所有住宅到祖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">屋的平均距离为47.5m，与其他住宅相比，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离方差较小，体现了祖屋空间位置的中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心度最高(图6)。父辈住宅与祖屋的平均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离为32.6m，子辈住宅的平均距离为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">42.7m，孙辈住宅的平均距离为57.2m。<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;">由此可以判断，家族辈分越高，辈距越</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">小，距离祖屋的距离越近。此外，房族</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">地位与其到祖屋的距离也存在一定的对</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">应性。房族地位较高的成员住宅，到祖</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">屋的距离越近。大房后代住宅的平均距</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">离为37.35m，旁系后代住宅的平均距离</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">为48.6m，三房后代住宅的平均距离为</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">66.17m。小弟后代孙辈住宅离祖屋的距</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">离最远，平均距离为92.6m，大哥后代</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">子辈住宅平均距离最短，为25.7m( 表5)。</span></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.474645" data-w="493" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfpAD1TfVHsyffgVxmmlmXJg6WLnVhjolibDcACCSKicnfaSl5pdXI5rkQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /><span style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"></span></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4990741" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfcH4SLV4BdCNMzJEYo8TqSyusZguBVMVyXOkwI0ExWXCtfIQml0qbzg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">      根据以上的定量分析，可以得出住</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅到祖屋的相对距离与房族地位存在较</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">高的关联性。房族地位越高，离祖屋的</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">距离越近；而住宅到祖屋的相对距离与</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">辈距存在一般的对应关系，存在辈距越</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">大，距离相对越远的趋势。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（六）村落住宅布局沿主街及溪流的界面宽度与家族地位的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乌岩古村东侧的五部溪是村落持续<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展的宝贵资源要素，关系到村民集体的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活和生产活动。由于村落主街沿溪布局，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">沿溪流的住宅同时也占据了相同宽度的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主街面宽。作为民国时期黄仙古道上重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">驿站的乌岩古村，占据沿主街的空间意味</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">着更易获得潜在的经济收益和交易机会。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">紧邻溪流和主街的空间具有相对更高的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间价值，空间兼具了对自然资源的可达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性和联系村落外界的便捷性。通过计算沿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主街及溪流界面的宽度，可在一定程度上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现村民获取生活生产资源的权力及对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于经济资源的控制力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">曾祖辈大房及其后代住宅占有的界<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面最宽为82.71m，而平辈地位较低的小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">弟住宅则不占有沿街面宽，只占据村庄相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对内部的空间。高祖辈旁系成员由于处于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">曾祖辈较高地位，其后代住宅仍占有一定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的界面宽度，约为16.97m(图7)。在家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族社会结构发展的过程中，财富高低和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会阶级地位对空间占据会有一定的修</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">正作用，比如从政的三房后代虽然房族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地位不高，但是由于具有更高的社会威</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">望，在北面沿街占有一定比例的界面宽</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度，约为16.81m (表6) 。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3231481" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf6MwPAhsqddhziaLD4u1I0peJPibZhjrxuG8mqttPnW7uBygnaz0TdQng/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3361111" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfYPL2fhQs2EvnGv3v4BI6BeZUibiasLpVnWNYLycda74yYKK3fRrQ5LVw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，户外空间界面宽度与房<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族地位存在较高的关联性，与家族辈分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的关联性一般。房族的尊卑等级对空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宽度的占据起到决定性作用，财富高低</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和社会阶级对其有一定的修正作用。房</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族地位越高，占据户外空间的界面宽度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">越宽，相应具有更多支配空间和资源的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权力。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（七）村落生产空间面积与家族公平性的关联性</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间资源的分配是家族权利分配的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现。在家族关系中，以房族为单位的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">户外空间分配方式相对平均，每个房族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本拥有一个院落中心，院落连同宗堂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成房族等级秩序关系的核心，体现了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同辈间家族权利的相对公平性。房族的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内院具备了通风采光的物质功能，同时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作为房族的公共空间也具有重要的社会</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能。院落作为房族关系纽带起到了共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">融、互助、睦邻的作用，承载着监督、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">教育子女和行为规范的功能。村中房族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的中心院落分布相对平均，户外院落的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布均质化对村落风貌和谐一致和整体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性空间关系起到了重要的作用(图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3939394" data-w="462" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBftuAq7tJbURplXQtVWzavAFf8vq4oJKSyFzDjHNu4c7maakeyprdxgg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">户内开间宽度相对均等，每个开间<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宽为1.5～2.0m。户内开间的相对公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平性对应了家族中个人发展的均衡性。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家族观念中的平等性原则也影响了户外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间中土地平等继承的权利，家族根据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">临近和效率的原则决定了每户分得田地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的大小和位置。从土地权属上说，每个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成员分配到的户内开间的面积和户外院</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落面积基本一一对应，即家族成员占有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个开间的户内空间对应着占有相同比</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例的院落空间。户内公共祭祀的宗堂则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对应于户外的族产公共院落(图9)。这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种家族的公平意识也存在于山林资源的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分配中，家族按山林资源的价值公平分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配，若是质量较好的林地资源则分配面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积小，质量差的林地分配到的面积相对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更大。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0189274" data-w="634" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBf1W4eEkNmzYm3HN72QAobMjnrFgm9gxpzL7YoGFnIw8oRngfMcwALJw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从表７中数据发现，家族辈分越高，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人均院落面积呈现越来越小的趋势。随</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">着村庄的发展，院落由纯粹的社会聚合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能逐渐成为复合功能，在空间中承载</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了耕种生产功能，所以子孙辈的院落面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积相对比祖父辈的户均面积更大。考虑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">房族规模和空间使用人数，人均院落面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积存在较大的差异。由于涉及土地价值、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地补偿等原因，院落空间的分配并非</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均分配，且与家族辈分和房族地位没</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有显著的关联性。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.34608540925266906" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhCIdDTWT1yR65nk5IyyPBfibkoZ3X3gs7KpfBwKVRUpobib96zacLawwLSrGa4rA2ucfORDckRuVsA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1124" style=""  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过格网分析法的定量研究可以看<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到，传统村落的空间结构与其对应的家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">族社会之间具有丰富的关联特征，主要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">表现为：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 户外空间相对高程和家族信仰存<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在关联性。空间相对高程的区别体现了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同场所承载的相关社会活动或行为的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">差异性和特殊性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 住宅到祭祀场所的距离和房族地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位间存在较高的关联性。依循传统家族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的尊卑关系，房族地位越高，住宅到公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共建筑或是祭祀场所的路径距离越近，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现出成员在家族关系中和祖先的密切</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度越高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 以房族为基础的社会场域和邻里<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">互动范围及家族辈分存在较高的关联性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间上表现为以宗堂和院落为核心的辐</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">射半径与家族辈分间存在较高的对应关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系。随着辈分的降低，宗堂的重要性减弱，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以宗堂和院落为中心的辐射距离也相应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">减少。同时，房族规模和社会阶级也一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定程度地影响着宗堂的辐射范围。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 住宅到祖屋的相对距离与房族地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位存在较高的关联性。房族地位越高，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">离祖屋的距离越近；而住宅到祖屋的相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对距离与辈距存在一般的对应关系，存</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在辈距越大，距离相对越远的趋势。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 户外空间界面宽度和房族地位存<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在较高的关联性。房族地位越高，则占</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据户外空间界面宽度越宽，房族的尊卑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等级对空间宽度的占据起到决定性作用，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而财富高低和社会阶级会对空间占据起</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到一定的修正作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(6) 不同家族成员所占有的人均院落<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积存在较大的差异。院落面积与家族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辈分和房族地位未呈现显著的对应关系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体来看，家族社会中房族地位是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响传统村落户外空间特征相对主要的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因素，它与祭祀场所、祖屋及自然资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的距离间呈现较高的关联性，对应性明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">显。家族辈分、财富拥有程度及社会阶</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级成为次要的相关因素，和空间结构之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间具有一般的关联性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文的研究结果有助于加深对我国<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统村落空间结构与家族社会关系的认</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">识，揭示传统村落空间演进过程的家族</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会依据，这对于我国当下实施乡村振</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴战略过程中保护、传承和利用传统村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落具有指导意义。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EkZmFQaKcmLPwctwefJJd7qCvtEUpFLV9VMVzen6qsI4mSaDeAF6IQMOoY5RRley60tGcNt3pXzlXWzlWtl6Vw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年03期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年03期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>浙江黄岩乌岩古村传统村落空间结构与家族社会关联研究<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: 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solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section 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