国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 75px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你上一次去湿地是什么时候呢？湿地，只存在与非城市的郊野地带么？什么情况下我们需要把湿地圈进保护地？湿地与城市的关系又是什么呢？湿地的保护与建造，真的能缓解日益紧张的环境问题，促进公共健康么？</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">5月22日，城市中国与香港大学园境建筑学部联合举办了一场特殊的线上研讨会。召集了多位景观设计，生态规划，地理政治和城市史方面的专家，与100多位参与者一起，以珠江三角洲后海湾的三个经典湿地为例，重新思考湿地与城市的动态关系，解构‘自然’的涵义。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 3px solid rgb(167, 166, 167);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.75px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">主持人</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoibxMhEib8L69U1Kgzjfkiaibia9atic19fq5cyhLdVU1kicyliaehaGhdEPBZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0472222" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoibxMhEib8L69U1Kgzjfkiaibia9atic19fq5cyhLdVU1kicyliaehaGhdEPBZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -55px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 14px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">王婷，香港大学建筑学院园境建筑学部博士候选人，《城市中国》第四期海外观察员  </p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 60px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 3px solid rgb(167, 166, 167);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.75px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">主讲人</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoIJV5en3HmJm4EjVErzjkrysIJSicQhjrDvS5DHecZE6baNJ7meHZRTA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5884615" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoIJV5en3HmJm4EjVErzjkrysIJSicQhjrDvS5DHecZE6baNJ7meHZRTA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="260" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -50px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">Matthew Pryor，香港大学建筑学院园境建筑学部主任兼副教授</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 100% 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 104.433%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoRFmPsS1wDd9r8zQmDYqpAk7X4PZic6wDE1FUu8GGawPfAicfKGBlp1Jg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.504" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoRFmPsS1wDd9r8zQmDYqpAk7X4PZic6wDE1FUu8GGawPfAicfKGBlp1Jg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="500" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">Michael Leven，AEC 生态咨询公司董事兼生态学家</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 0% 28.8661%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 108.337%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoGSFRQcAOk9cCnc8mb4ziaicNTTibGUicd5CvWOwrKYzxG5bZlnbKhYj68w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4993252" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoGSFRQcAOk9cCnc8mb4ziaicNTTibGUicd5CvWOwrKYzxG5bZlnbKhYj68w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="741" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">Werner Breitung，香港浸会大学林思齐东西学术交流所教授</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 60px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 3px solid rgb(167, 166, 167);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.75px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">评议人</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 77.7744% 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 105.071%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoILvBRlPtmeVU3HRTIoNJsS5wINj15LkLgMXoMDkKaUEzcD6j8qldtQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3148148" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoILvBRlPtmeVU3HRTIoNJsS5wINj15LkLgMXoMDkKaUEzcD6j8qldtQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">朱慰先，香港大学建筑学院园境建筑学部副教授 </span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 47.4569% 58.1818%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 261.068%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtor2tmDp8HNpeaCU7KJSibFcP6xaBMeg4es4xY2jCxopZf1c49b1icQic5Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7341629" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtor2tmDp8HNpeaCU7KJSibFcP6xaBMeg4es4xY2jCxopZf1c49b1icQic5Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="884" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">陆小璇，香港大学建筑学院园境建筑学部助理教授</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 29px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 37.5367% 0%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 134.1%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtofWbBJ3QGhA3txqx5V3y70lnI7yGSMT9QzLjCibT5kxY6KwibxInfNCuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9259259" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtofWbBJ3QGhA3txqx5V3y70lnI7yGSMT9QzLjCibT5kxY6KwibxInfNCuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -35px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 75%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-size: 13px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">崔国，《城市中国》杂志执行主编  </span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 75px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">演讲一：</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(245, 245, 245);font-size: 18px;background-color: rgb(43, 101, 64);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">湿地的意义：香港湿地公园的故事</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">Matthew Pryor，香港大学建筑学院园境建筑学部主任兼副教授</p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园建造于1998年到2006年。自从建成以来，一直被评价为香港乃至亚洲建成早且较为成功的自然修复项目。61公顷的湿地公园由淡水和咸淡水生境组成，并且有丰富的动植物种类。每年吸引超过46万世界各地的游客。在这次演讲中，Matthew Pryor教授以曾经参与香港湿地公园建造的景观设计师身份，讲述了一些香港湿地公园在规划建造初期鲜为人知的挑战，以此来阐述在生态性减缓概念中普遍存在的一些认知谬误。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8280701754385965" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCto7km1o9gnicXibNsFqeUjB6p2rAian6t5lzibLnKxuxok8qAA25IoAVV3ew/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="570" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园现状平面图 （图片由Mathew Pryor 提供）</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园场地位于深圳香港交界的后海湾区域，本来就是一个生态价值高，生境复杂的区域。由于接近海平面，它经常受到潮汐的影响，场地上还有鱼塘和修复的林地。这几年兴起的的生态性减缓在当年香港湿地公园建造时还缺乏认知和实践。所以在参与建造香港湿地公园时，Mathew和他的团队经常问自己三个重要的问题，这三个问题也贯穿了他的演讲：</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtozJRRr53cTjAia7JoCGOEbSb0oK02Z8yI3WRY0VmSVRJj5w0TtDZLqyg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1500" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园建造前场地生境（图片由Mathew Pryor 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1. 什么是生态性减缓？</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 149, 149);font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">What is Ecological Mitigation？</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">生态性减缓是一个包容性的概念，可以包括生态补偿，修复，复原和易位等。香港湿地公园最初的生态性减缓目标是为香港天水围新镇开发造成的湿地生态资源破坏而进行补偿。然而香港湿地公园的目标随着社会的发展，利益相关者的加入也在逐渐变化。1997年，在咨询公司向香港政府拓展署提出通过建立湿地公园来进行生态补偿和水体进化后，很快政府又提出要加入休闲娱乐和教育功能。随后，漁農自然護理署和香港旅游发展局的加入，也使得香港湿地公园的成为了2000香港政府的世纪项目。越来越多的资金得以介入，使得香港湿地公园能够建立起亚洲最大的湿地游览中心并且有一套专门的湿地管理团队和机制，可以提供专业的管理培训和湿地教育。然而其最初的生态缓和目标也变得越来越复杂化，模糊化。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6608479" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoFUUsdl5Zq67ChMQvTdEoyW5JbNcBpmxp00poMOkrbOYu8kruttrtgg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="802" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园内部管理的潮汐泥潭滩（图片由Mathew Pryor 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.应该怎么去定义生态性减缓的标准？怎么测量它的成功？</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 149, 149);font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">How should standards of mitigation be defined? How do we measure of success?</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">那么在日益复杂的湿地建设中，Matthew Pryor教授认为，造一个好的湿地需要对3个基本要素（水，泥土，动植物）的互动关系进行深入的了解和尊重。比如湿地里的水从哪里来，去哪里，怎么为不同的生境创造合适的水量。又比如湿地水下的泥土，怎么挖，挖哪里，堤岸塑造成什么角度最适合自然的恢复和生长都是当时他们遇到的难题。往往很多时候画了精确的坡度图纸，到场地上却因为不可控的自然因素无法施工。所以很多时候，他们会向周围鱼塘的渔民请教，了解地方知识，比如地方碓填术，鸟类和植物习性。为了能更好的引入本地湿地植物，125种香港湿地公园里的植物，都需要在旁边米铺自然湿地经过2年的实验培育。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.75" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtofv1ha3d2wFmibKpibOnhUtDtFxJiaJ8MooyPxyxZ1Tvib9t5Tl2jg4kIIA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="720" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">游客中心外特意放置的树枝来吸引鸟类停留（图片由Mathew Pryor 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">3.设计的缓和形态比如湿地公园真的是生态合理的么?</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 149, 149);font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">Did the form of mitigation actually make ecological sense?</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">湿地公园既然被叫做‘公园’，在设计考量上便与自然湿地不同，加入了更多以人为本的考虑。游客体验，尤其是游客中心的设计在整个香港湿地公园的项目中占比很大。不仅采用了屋顶覆土和绿色建筑技术，在内部的展览上也邀请了专业的策展和艺术家团队，旨在为大众讲解一个完整的湿地故事。但是大众对湿地的兴趣是需要多重感官刺激的。据前期调查显示，大部分游客只在游客中心停留30分钟，便离开了湿地公园。于是管理人员通过一系列的手法让游客更亲近自然，比如在公园里设计更多观鸟屋和游览步道，在游客中心外的水塘里放置鳄鱼和一些枯树枝吸引鸟类停留，便于游客观看。然而鸟类天生喜欢在隐蔽且大片的区域停留，枯树枝的作用很有限。鳄鱼是否对湿地公园有生态价值也值得讨论。在别的一些湿地公园，甚至为了让鸟飞不远吸引游客，而折断鸟的翅膀。虽然香港湿地公园没有采用这些极端的手法，但是这种行为也提醒我们在建造湿地时也要注意湿地道德。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7672209" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoH8KZkNKC7bYuIibRbZ6R1Np6ic7fAcVGYOo3iaK5CJI5L2GN6Cebo7ujg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="842" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7496403" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoStoicMVpKOgibNGia0AtiaHQsWYxMeN18wo9pHH3QYzlb6DQmHJR765C5Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="695" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.748366" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoMG5TAibDq4hqBYpzxr6sI7G1vzBhicvibRAXIsjRib9gJyO22u9LrDicnlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="612" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">香港湿地公园游客中心俯视图，内部展览设计和公园内观鸟步道设计（图片由Mathew Pryor 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">通过香港湿地公园早期建造历史的回顾，Matthew Pryor教授认为未来湿地的建造有很大的空间。现在我们更了解地方的生态系统是如何运作的，也有更先进的生态技术。然而如何平衡休闲娱乐和生态的价值，如何能让游客真正理解湿地和其周围环境的协同关系仍是很大的挑战。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 75px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">演讲二：</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(245, 245, 245);font-size: 18px;background-color: rgb(43, 101, 64);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规避影响之外：环境影响评估如何有利于生物多样性的保护-以香港落马洲湿地性减缓区为例</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">Michael Leven，AEC 生态咨询公司董事兼生态学家</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">谈起环境影响评估(EIA)，许多人普遍认为它是一种生物多样性保护的过程。实际上，根据香港1998年出台环境影响评估条例，EIA只规定了项目的开发需要规避重要的生物栖息地，规避不了的，便要尽可能减少对场地生物的影响，后期再进行生态弥补。所以大部分项目如果进行了EIA，并且采取了相应的生态性减缓措施，通常只能达到生物多样性中立，也就是 ‘无净损失 （no net loss）’。香港的环境影响评估条例里并没有任何激励措施让开发商进行额外的生态修复和提升。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">Michael Leven博士以为建设香港落马洲支线而补偿的湿地为例，具体讲解该项目如何能通过专业的环境影响评估和生态性减缓管理，使湿地建造不仅局限于弥补因城市开发而破坏的生态，而能更进一步增加场地的生物多样性。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3972222" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoccB5vteONIcymAjdwty0M3T7dX2bhtZTTnPlARZeKuXghKKNx1qKPg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">The Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Project和落马洲湿地补偿区位置（google map）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 45px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">他将这个项目成功和独特的原因主要分为三个：</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.  湿地生态性补偿时场地选择的重要性。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现在落马洲湿地补偿区的位置并不是随机的或者是开发项目所剩余的用地，而是经过挑选的商业鱼塘，其本来生态基底就很好。相反很多湿地补偿的案例，开发商为了节省项目资金，将补偿区放在了停车场附近或者高架铁路下面，这样的位置会使生态补偿效果大打折扣。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.  有坚定的支持者和专业的专家团队长期合作。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作为这个项目的甲方，港铁公司一直非常支持和关心这个项目。邀请了专业的咨询团队和承包商从始至终的跟进项目。在项目初期，咨询团队就为场地建立了明确的目标物种清单，然后根据物种的独特需求，建立多样化的湿地生境。目标鸟类的选择上也经过仔细的研究，对比国际国内稀有动物清单，吸引了如黑脸琵鹭，东方帝鹰和红尾水雉等该区域稀有水鸟。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7494824" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoJRyicFOJJexaWGtMVoQzP2u9udZ5vo7SDv1z5FwZISvaeVVKG5v8Q9w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="966" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5080416" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoZ4QiabT1ibwriafcmj9uah4Ozu0MR0OW6Mg3lprPHJjm77j7gRyyuhISw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1057" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">国际黑脸琵鹭数量与后海湾和落马洲湿地生态补偿区的统计对比（图片由Michael Leven 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.  公开透明的监督机制。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">该项目是香港首例，把5年评审机制加入生态性减缓项目管理的必须条件的。顾问会与项目方一起，每五年回顾一下湿地管理的成就和不足之处，方便实时进行调整，并且上报给香港渔农自然署和环保署。同时，不同于早期香港公园建设缺乏公众参与，落马洲湿地补偿项目有一个独立的环保建议委员会。委员会由国际环保组织，科研院校，地方绿色社团等组成，为生态修复提供专业建议和监督，并且及时向社会通报湿地最新数据。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.75" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCto5PfrPnqIL4pCM6Nq0yoDNgR3d7vhXgbcw95e7SWRgwQlSJh9dKGb8g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">落马洲湿地生态补偿区中的睡莲塘，远处是落马洲地铁站（图片由Michael Leven 提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，Michael Leven博士总结道，近年来，随着大家对湿地认知的加深，环境影响评估的方法也在不断科学化和系统化。应对未来不可预测的城市发展，或许是时候重新认识环境影响评估和生态性减缓的目标，重视多方参与和社会资本，以期真正提高人工湿地的生物多样性。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 75px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">演讲三：</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(245, 245, 245);font-size: 18px;background-color: rgb(43, 101, 64);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">自然的社会建构——城市边缘地带的湿地保育</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.75;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(108, 108, 108);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">Werner Breitung，香港浸会大学林思齐东西学术交流所教授</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我们身边的景观，看似天然，其实大部分是由自然和特定的文化共同组成的。Werner Breitung博士用后海湾的两个跨边界湿地（深圳红树林自然保护区和香港米埔自然保护区），从政治地理学的视角，分析了不同社会，政治和文化价值是如何影响景观的形成和保育的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">Werner Breitung博士首先介绍了概念：自然的社会建构。其起源于社会科学和地理学。它打破了我们传统的‘自然与人类文化’二元对立的认识。对自然的社会构建的理解主要有两个方面：</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.自然的概念本身是被社会构建的。</strong></span>我们对自然的认识是基于特定的历史和文化的。比如不同民族对个人与自然关系有不同理解。历史上，我们对自然的认识也从一开始的害怕自然，到基于浪漫主义情怀的欣赏自然，再到天人合一的平衡和甚至认为人类可以改变自然。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.自然在物质上也是被历代的人类行为所影响构建的。</strong></span>比如在21世界气候变化的恐惧下，我们种树，建造湿地，提高城市的生物多样性在某种程度上也是在塑造着物质形态的自然。这两个概念相互交织，组成了自然的社会建构话语。</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7493506" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoUUtyp7dYrQtNibhuTn01wx6iamF2K0aficEgZt7agDHZqXxNPiaePu5Uiag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="770" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">香港与深圳的边界景观（图片来源NYTimes）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">后海湾湿地，在历史上是一个由附近河流泥沙沉淀形成的沿海景观，有着天然的红树林资源。在20世纪初期，该区域开始经历不同程度的土地开垦，从水稻，潮汐虾塘到如今大量存在的淡水鱼塘。1970年代后，城市景观开始占据，主导后海湾，以深港两地不同的发展策略尤为明显。在‘一种景观，两个政治系统’的背景下，现在两个湿地公园产生了不同的景观形态和管理措施。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7182663" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoVApO3y6trwp2RURUsPucNPAqDhmAeZ0TDr6E5yjFfgs4tApbhaZa3g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="646" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">后海湾湿地的区位图（图片由 Werner Breitung提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 45px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">香港米埔自然保护区从1983年起，主要由世界自然基金会，香港渔农署和NGO等共同管理。在1995年取得Ramsar国际重要湿地认证后，主要目标是湿地保育和教育功能。定期对学校学生和社会大众进行网上预约开放。保育区里有丰富的湿地生境，但是主要以开敞的景观为主。Werner博士认为其开敞景观的形成主要在于红树岭的生长和观鸟的活动的冲突。因为受殖民时期英国文化和后期国际湿地保育措施的影响，米埔自然保护区把对鸟类的观测与研究放在了首位，开敞的景观空间更利于观鸟。所以米埔定期会派人清除湿地里的杂草和修剪红树林的高度。</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-right: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7511592" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoUyUicIlEO40Kk3a2Xvnn68aNF0FJywicBI3no4a34phz8PhyjXO3ibl8w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="647" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-left: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.750774" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoh35oyicQlQ9qb0Vpiamcd5JuCSMicvjyibkne2LJ4RIYsUDzZNCsGibX5Pg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="646" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 45px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;">米埔自然保护区内的开敞景观 （左）与福田红树林自然保护区景观对比（右）（图片由 Werner Breitung提供）</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.75px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">相对的，一岸之隔的福田红树林自然保护区的景观则以茂密的红树林为主。福田红树林国家自然保护区位于深圳湾北岸，由林业局牵头在1984成立。是中国目前面积最小，并且唯一在城市腹地的国家自然保护区。其湿地生境与米埔相比相对单一，主要是由红树林组成。而这种单一景观形成的原因可能与其保护区建立之初的定位是保护红树林和推动深圳绿色城市宣传有关。虽然现在该保护区也逐步分区域对外开放，但是在成立之初，保护区严格限制人员参观，只能用于红树林研究。两个湿地自然保护区管理模式和开放程度的差异。也与两个湿地的区位分不开。福田红树林自然保护区位于深圳城市中心，其噪音和人口压力给保护区开放造成挑战。而米埔位于香港郊区的边界控制区，加之周围有专门用于公众教育的香港湿地公园，可以有效的分散人流压力。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最后基于深港边界两个独特湿地的对比观察，Werner指出湿地保育不仅需要关注物理上的生态价值，还需要注重对湿地建造背后的社会，政治和文化的理解。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;opacity: 0.1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(89, 89, 89);line-height: 1.6;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容合作联络 cgcuiguo@urbanchina.com.cn</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(89, 89, 89);line-height: 1.6;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其他对文章的意见和建议，或新奇有趣的话题问题，都欢迎您微信留言或邮件联络我们。</p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">email：00urbanchina@urbanchina.com.cn</p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微博/ 豆瓣：<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中国</em>   </p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">App：App Store搜索 <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中国</strong>  </p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">官网：<span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">www.urbanchina.com.cn</span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 55%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3333333" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCtoUZGf68lcgG2GSqRAXNXFZEzic2sF7cIXRicItvY09ApUnicPXia2YAEWmw/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="480" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 45%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 30px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50%;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzXuGfkiaPzY2KCWfgA8luCto9qoWGzoel1wwfz6UDp2PadAy134tYrZcWG6mJf6JRLibDHPJLBh5I6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 10px;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(80, 80, 80);line-height: 1.4;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.75px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">长按二维码</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买电子版</strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
                <br />