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<section powered-by="gulangu" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="padding: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 556px;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p style="min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6425925925925926" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDfrrnMbJh0oTWQSTASJM1Kcgl7LAo5ibskxLIfl4BWV7PFia022wibNwibOTurU2qmuguA7YuQypg4YmA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="534" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="343" style="height: 343px;width: 534px;"  /></p><p style="min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;">     </span><br  /></p><p>     <span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">随着对于流动商贩管理新政策的推出，地摊经济，亦或是更时髦的“烟火经济”这一非正式经济的一种重要形式正重新成为热点话题，并在社会上引起了一股摆摊新风潮。事实上，以街头零散商摊为代表的诸多非正式经济形式是城市活力的重要组成部分和表征，是城市经济最为具体的一种“空间自显”，也是理解社会经济表现自下而上涌现的空间动力学机制一种途径。自2002年始，杨滔博士一直关注非正式经济的空间分布特征的相关研究，通过分析北京街头的商摊状况并界定了由商摊构成的积极空间，阐述城市形态和市民生活的关联机制。这一系列研究对于我们重新认识城市非正式经济所需的场所支撑具有很高的价值，也为我们从城市规划的角度降低地摊经济的社会成本，提高其社会收益提供一种可能的路径。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">沈尧</span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">同济大学建筑与城市规划学院助理教授</span><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊与路口</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;line-height: 1.6;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 街头零散商摊的分布密度自然与<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人流量</span></strong>密切相关，人流量大吸引更多的零散商摊，更多的商摊又能吸引更多的客户。<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路口通常</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">是人流汇集之处</span></strong>，而且往往有<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">交通灯减慢人流速度</span></strong>，是街头零散商摊创造商机的好地方。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 城市干道与城市支路 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0.8;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">城市干道转向城市支路的交叉口有种<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">转折性</span></strong>的感觉：车辆的速度由快变慢，行人的<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">心理感觉也发生变化</strong></span>，离开汽车繁忙的交通干道。因而商摊往往选择这里经营。如北三环中路与某支路的交叉口处在人行道上对称分布了一个食品亭和一个报刊亭，形成了三角形的商摊空间（图1），空间中的活动有卖报纸、卖零食、临时寄存物品、居民大妈和摊商聊天等等，它成为了附近居民心中的地标，具有“门”的作用，使路口具有了特定的场所意义。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;width: 573.297px;height: auto;border-style: none;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6786141" data-w="837" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7hhWc00y8UUhhOicdJgM2bic6uhuSwbXiaicCJQibreLibB7ia8toiaRwqbg9gA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1. 干道与支路的街头商摊 (作者自绘)</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 城市支路（干道）与胡同 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 北京传统胡同有很多扩建为城市支路或干道，在一定程度上改善了内城交通，形成很多城市支路 (干道) 和胡同的交叉口。例如新街口南北大街、西四南北大街、东四南北大街、前门大街、阜成门内大街等大街与胡同的路口聚集了大量商摊，而且有很大一部分摊商是当地的居民。这种路口可以分为两类：<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一类比较繁华，人流较多；另一类不繁华，以车流为主</span></strong>。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      西四某路口属于第一类 (图2)，这个路口有一个糕点摊，两个草莓摊，都分布在西四北大街人行道与胡同的相交处，该商摊空间<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">向人行道两侧扩张</span></strong>，为了<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">吸引更多城市支路的行人</span></strong>，而不仅是胡同里的行人。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-14px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 350.344px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 297.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.1947566" data-w="534" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7BOw8yFDGW8kshicBpKRAIrTKn8olQRXyWJcdESpia6n4gr9lgNdZ3S0Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 297.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 297.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(129, 129, 129);font-size: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-align: right;">图2. 西四某路口 (作者自绘)</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 286.641px;background-color: rgb(241, 241, 241);height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 286.641px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.1773309" data-w="547" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7iahvUNMoktIDIGRUfu0AvVc7bN18fHibwicLnkQ9eR6rmNHRuFeXtFmRA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 286.641px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-14px, 0px, 0px);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 286.641px;background-color: rgb(241, 241, 241);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3. 阜城门内某路口 (作者自绘)</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">阜成门内某路口属于第二类 (图3)。阜成门内大街相对不太繁华，路口的报摊靠在胡同内的四合院外墙处，该商摊空间是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内敛型</span></strong>的，为胡同社区服务，加强了胡同的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">领域感和色彩丰富度</span></strong>，显得更具<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生活气息和地方性</span></strong>。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5650685" data-w="876" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7CkR5hR085vmAiaWPVxr4bKoruTJSROBibees0CYXrpXpCAnBIBgCCSWA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图4. 商摊作为地方地标 (</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者自绘)</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 胡同与胡同 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">胡同是北京旧城富有特色的城市空间系统，属于<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生活性道路</span></strong>。在对白塔寺地段和十刹海地段的调研中发现，胡同中的商摊大部分属于游商，商品或服务与居民日常密切相关，如早点、糕点、水果、糖葫芦、藕煤、修自行车等，他们往往聚集在胡同和胡同的交叉口处，而且他们的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">吆喝声给胡同赋予了生机</span></strong>。胡同中常见的商摊聚集空间有：</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1) 十字路口</span></strong>：商摊为其增加了层次，将硬边界变成软边界，居民愿意在此逗留，便形成十字型的商摊空间。商摊成为各个胡同的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对景和界定</span></strong> (图5，图6)。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5407407" data-w="1080" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7TDIZ3dfzuENAycBDwHicOIiamLiaw9Sghf7X0qGYtvZgqPK1hBBvZQcVA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图5. </span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">什刹海某胡同口的商摊空间 （作者自摄于2001年11月）</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5601852" data-w="1080" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7wL4adMASMEeBuUdgBGBL1CeibEwucgRxibGyHQQhml9GA8txB26vkNqg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图6. 什刹海某胡同口的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2) 丁字路口</span></strong>：两条宽度差不多的胡同形成的丁字胡同口，商摊最有可能选择各条胡同的焦点处 (图7)。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3) L型路口</span></strong>：在胡同中不多，但也是商摊愿意停留的地方。在胡同中，商摊形成了对景，也暗示了道路转折和空间的公共性，因为半私密的死胡同中的商摊是很少的。</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 382.188px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.4092664" data-w="518" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7yaqvEOQfCgIVlicNzfgmuZkkjW6tpvpkuWM2TOvvroqqFrttY75EOFQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 382.188px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图7. 丁字、L型胡同口的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 有信号灯的路口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">信号灯主要是对交叉路口的车流进行指挥和管理，对人流、自行车流的管理是附带的。在信号灯的指挥下，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">车流、自行车流和人流都暂时滞留在路口</span></strong>，因此有信号灯的路口就吸引了商摊。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      通过对三里河路的观察发现，某路口处的报刊亭、报摊、人行横道、信号灯与行人之间具有空间对应关系，形成了一个九十度的商摊空间 (图8)，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">激发了行人的购买欲，舒缓了等待信号灯的心情，同时对路口交通的负面影响并不大</span></strong>。若没有这些商摊，路口就仅仅是一个通道，失去了场所感。商摊还经常分布在路口拐弯处的弓形区域内 (图9)，时而有流动商摊在此处经营，也是一种联系信号灯和人行横道的空间，但<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果商摊构筑物较大，就会对车辆交通视线造成较大干扰。</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.4731481" data-w="1080" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7A1be3dlIicYGGF8kycV7R9oHBMtBicjwVWp1oqIlibusMsgy1kNZqB0Cg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  图8. 三里河路某路口1 (自绘)       图9. 三里河路某路口2 (自绘) </p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 有过街天桥的路口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      过街天桥</span></strong>是现代城市车辆交通繁忙的产物，实际上过街天桥本身就是一种<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空中的路口</span></strong>。在不少城市建筑的文章中，都对这种过街天桥颇有微辞，认为是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不人性化、易滋生犯罪</span></strong>的空间。若过街天桥上的商摊能够妥善的有效的管理，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商摊则能成为这种空间中的人性化因素和“街道眼”</span></strong>。商摊在这种特殊路口的分布有三种情况：</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1) 上下桥处</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> (图10)</span>：通过对北三环西路某过街天桥的观察发现，上下桥处的报刊亭形成了一个联系地面人行道和过街天桥的斜向上的空间。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.4712362" data-w="817" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7VKY8Nicywgq64OrJDKloc2Ns37woWQKCWibfTvdAP3gCdiaF4qibBw5SxA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图10. 过街天桥上下桥处的商摊空间 (作者自绘)     </p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2) 桥上空间</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> (图11)</span>：诚然在过街天桥上摆摊设点通常是被禁止的，但仍有商摊不时出现在过街天桥上。如果对商摊进行引导，并且精心设计，过街天桥<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空间会丰富，气氛会活跃，会减少危险因</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">素。摊商也就是过街天桥的看管人。</span></strong>香港的过街天桥与商业结合的例子也很多，西单的空中走廊的小型商业也是来源于这种模式。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.7743142" data-w="802" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7nVbVBOTeV5K48TiblS9LfXHcGibRKibkZ89fCqzBe9g3SHiaPwRWggus5Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图11. 过街天桥桥上的商摊空间 (作者自绘)     </p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3) 桥下空间 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(图12)：</span>人行道被过街天桥覆盖的部分往往是乏味的停放自行车的地方、遗弃不用的死角，或者是流浪者临时的家。商摊的进入迅速地改变了该空间的形式和内涵，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">消极的空间变成了具有活力的积极空间</span></strong>，并且向附近的街道空间发散。比如海淀路和北三环西路的路口的过街天桥下的报刊亭面对人行道，不时有过往行人驻足卖报或浏览一下报纸等等，特别是在晚上，这里还是一个<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有光线、有人气</span></strong>的空间。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.0793651" data-w="630" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h742dpicq3Q2ymFOr8oaiamMZib6KO4nsOHicG0HMOrj42YZqmxiaRb7s8L2A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图12. 过街天桥桥下的商摊空间 (作者自绘)     </p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 有地下通道的路口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">地下通道</span></strong>和过街天桥的作用同出一辙，但是比过街天桥<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">更封闭和内向</span></strong>，常被认为是城市中较危险的空间。同样这里也是禁止摆摊设点的却<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">屡禁不止</span></strong>的地方。商摊在地下通道的分布也分为三种：<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">入口正面处，入口侧面处，地下通道内</span></strong> (图13)。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.4229765" data-w="766" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7AU6joibPg7GNAMScPVh2B69z4HQ8hT9icyz9wkJzVibvx5Z2TKr77yVmA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5564202" data-w="771" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h70ibRcZPBNmvkLGQPiaYIfR8icwsKLN8C7icZibrUib7AiaT9JGK6FAwsiauDSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3333333" data-w="825" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7W9j3BDnZ6Nl1XcPDhZyicF8TfS4R6hosWr52pwgia9oZZk9rP9ZOeqiag/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图13. </span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">地下通道处的商摊空间 (</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者自绘)     </span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊与门道</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 交通类建筑入口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 交通类建筑入口前人流集中，是大多数市民从一个城市公共空间进入另一个空间的转折点，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">滞留与流</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">动相互交织</span></strong>，是人的多种行为模式的集中体现。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1) 公交车站</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> (图14)</span>：公交车站遍布全市、人群流动性强、停滞性强，是商摊分布较多的地方。商摊的报纸、书刊和食品饮料等能转移等车人的注意力。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3190349" data-w="746" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7gS0gmCNLG9CzPybMryp2xMN8wqwx9WulXnuPZaLQu94bZVHmSCmT0A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3263158" data-w="760" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7jnEG720qmYtsdic9Nd4BUGVckibmbHvRtXYYFolzvpeEzeoYzzia1zOwg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图14. 公交站边的商摊空间 (作者自绘)     </p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2) 地铁口</span></strong> (图15)：地铁口附近的商摊空间可有联系地面和坡道、倚靠地铁出口侧墙、联系地铁出口和自行车道等。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.7717842" data-w="723" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7wKgEKprGEn3XZbQcvZ0fqa5n0F3QroU1icBMJfccjRUKXPF0ibWdUkhQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3531283" data-w="943" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7onnaX8fEjAGWvHfCTvDwoJJRhibvJ4GGzJePFibn080icaFqaX64m2iaQA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图15. 地铁站边的商摊空间 (作者自绘)     </span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 公共建筑入口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 公共建筑入口一般是大量人流集散地，是商摊分布集中的地方，也是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市公共空间的活跃点</span></strong>。例如某些<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大型商场</span></strong>的促销活动也往往选择门前的街道或广场，越拥挤就越能促进更多的城市公共活动。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1) </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商业娱乐建筑入口</span></strong> (图16)：商场入口前人群集散，而且也可能是等待的空间，因此通常都多少有些商摊，对于丰富街道生活起到了一定作用。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 445.891px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.8819672" data-w="610" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7ZScCbicVDFdh0ibVCBI8ETuhlgLps1VrUUQTsfibJMrfS4ep8heicamNvw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 445.891px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图16. 天桥百货商场入口商摊空间 （作者自绘）        </p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2) 医院入口</span></strong> (图17)：医院入口前通常有一些特殊种类的商摊，如卖水果、鲜花和小吃等。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 大院入口 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">城市中的大院是构成北京城市空间的特色之一。当然北京众多的机关大院入口附近是禁止摆摊设点的，虽然有时也偶有街头零散商摊出现在这些入口附近，但是不具有典型性。大部分城市公园和住宅小区仍然是大院形式，特别是物业公司进入住宅区后，住宅小区更是呈现出大院的模式。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1) 城市公园入口</span></strong> (图17)：公园入口往往叠合成为夹道型的街头零散商摊空间，这些商摊空间可以和入口的雕塑、绿化、售票、铺地等整合考虑。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.4648148" data-w="1080" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7MCrNNlKRDGSic3bESjglYGvL7Eyt9LpPQM3u37MmlGIFP4qx4uZysrQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图17. 天坛与圆明园入口的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2) 住宅小区入口</span></strong> (图18)：住宅小区是最接近市民日常生活的，也是街头零散商摊经常停留之处，包括早点摊、修理摊、日常 用品摊、水果摊、烟摊、报刊摊等。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.751073" data-w="932" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7fHiaic56YiamvCdBFsutjLwo2o3U070nRpHghiabNp8vkX00icPSfYzwX3w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图18. 榆树馆西里小区入口的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊与街市</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 连续小店铺 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">连续小店铺会形成繁华的街市，吸引大量人流，成为区域内或全市范围内的购物中心。商摊在其中的分布有<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">镶嵌</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> (图19)、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对称 </span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(图20)和</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">居中</span></strong>等形式。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 382.188px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.4942529" data-w="435" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7XQzTCKibRyYIRf3RvODc771UZ0r5ichXVn6uNyAAKgqt4olsMnvmLiadg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 382.188px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图19. 前门大街的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5537037" data-w="1080" width="100%" data-type="other" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h70aGllbBLBu414kibGap2PtJzFjoeKCo4MmWXKozBxJOT3HALKZ21JBw/640?wx_fmt=other" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图20. 天桥西大街的商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 637px;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(120deg, rgb(253, 251, 251) 0%, rgb(235, 237, 238) 100%);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;color: rgb(224, 49, 16);font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 2px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> ◆ 大中型商业街 ◆</strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">北京大中型商业街中都有大型商业建筑，尺度较大，而且步行街的入口处一般都有大面积停车场（包括自行车），并且这类商业街一般管理严格，禁止小商摊随地经营，但仍存在商摊空间 (图21)，有效<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">改变了商业街的气氛和尺度</span></strong>。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3507389" data-w="1015" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7TiazlUaqhAibTUXTsBZhjp1PX5s8iaqcGsMlkmEK7YeC2icttskJIXBZXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 573.297px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.4953076" data-w="959" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7YOMpj77wyjCTta7pektibPlVGPF7ZWhMdROaqvfic8LaVveZiadavPSNw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 573.297px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图21. 大中型商业街的典型商摊空间分析 （作者自绘）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊与广场</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;line-height: 1.6;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 广场是传统意义上的硬空间，是典型的非常重要的城市公共空间。研究街头零散商摊在广场中的分布、形态、意义等需要区分广场的类型，如天安门广场是典型的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">政治性广场</span></strong>，西单广场是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商业性广场</span></strong>，而旧城中某些类似于广场的大栅栏地区樱桃斜街、铁树斜街尽端等小型广场则是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生活性广场</span></strong>。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01</section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">政治性广场</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">天安门广场是对于国家有特定意义的广场，政治性氛围突出，因而管理也十分严格。天安门管理委员会曾经只允许广场上八个<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">照相摊</span></strong>的存在 (图22)。根据<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亚历山大《建筑模式语言》</span></strong>中的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公共空间中的边界效应</span></strong>理论，天安门广场边界可是说是四条交通性干道，而这些照相商摊是广场内的物体，也是一种软空间，增加了人和广场接触面，可以说在某种意义上是广场的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新“边界”</span></strong>。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.7803321" data-w="783" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7xRkH6ernDcnNmkaOlSwRFSmuABqIdFHJJnNfhXtkOam0riad7bzfGvA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图22. 天安门广场中的商摊空间 （作者自绘）</p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">有时所谓的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“非法商贩”</span></strong>出现在广场上，比如卖纪念品、国旗、风筝的小商贩形成特定的商贩空间，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">使空旷的广场增加了不少</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小尺度空间</span></strong>。也从一个方面说明天安门广场如果能很好地规划这些零散商摊空间，也可以形成更多的类似于照相商摊空间那样宜人的场所，对于天安门广场空间来说是一种有益的完善。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02</p></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商业性广场</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 12px;text-align: left;line-height: 1.6;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     </span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">西单广场是典型的城市商业广场，通过建筑手法形成了很多上升和下沉的丰富空间，广场中的雕塑、座椅等也给广场增加了人性化、小尺度空间和有趣的视觉次中心。这些<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">丰富的地面标高变化和软空间</span></strong>，也为零散商摊提供了更多的边界和接触面。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03</p></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生活性广场</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(94, 94, 94);letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      北京胡同中有少量的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微型广场</span></strong>，这种小广场充满生活气氛。商摊尽量选择视觉焦点处经营，创造了更多的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">与人接触的软性界面</span></strong>。这里的广场中央不再是单调的停车场，商摊吸引了更多人驻足，不少骑自行车的居民也停下来和摊商讨价还价，而且<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商摊、摊主以及购物居民的互动构成了胡同尽端的对景</span></strong>。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 509.594px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1.2025316" data-w="474" width="100%" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7u8srRWYa5iaVHCuvDMIVNaar2icd9eBRjP93VlLLTIPBsUSfJ4DnOGXQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 509.594px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图23. 胡同广场的商摊空间 (作者自绘)</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间中的时间</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空间的组织与时间、交流有关。街头零散商摊空间在很大程度上是一种临时性的，因而也是一种时间的组织。</span></strong>一方面，城市<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人流较多的时段</span></strong>，比如上下班时间，街头零散商摊会大大增加；另一方面，在城市其它功能休息时，他们也会增加，以<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">弥补城市功能在特定时段的不足</span></strong>，比如北京商业区21:00左右关门后。街头零散商摊空间随时间的变化也导致了城市<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公共空间的丰富性和高效性</span></strong>，多样的街头生活也能保持足够长的时间。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 3px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;line-height: 1;text-align: center;border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%;background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);color: rgb(255, 255, 240);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</p></section><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:76.txt2" style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上下班高峰期</strong></p></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">很大一部分商摊的活动与上下班高峰期密切相关。在<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上班高峰期</span></strong>，公交车站、地铁站口、路口和居民区中出现很多临时的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">早餐点</span></strong>；<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">下班时</span></strong>，公交车站、地铁站口、路口以及小区或单位的出口处将会出现很多卖<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">面食、糕点、熟食</span></strong>等的小商摊。商摊的活动与城市日常起居节奏密切联系的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 3px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;line-height: 1;text-align: center;border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%;background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);color: rgb(255, 255, 240);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</p></section><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:78.txt2" style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清晨与深夜</strong></p></span></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">清晨和深夜，城市的很多<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正规的功能会随大部分居民的休息而暂时停止</span></strong>，街头零散商摊这时就会及时补上这种不足，也只有这种<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小型的、临时性的商业行为才会在此时发生</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，弥补城市功能的不足</span></strong>。清晨时，大街小巷早点摊和卖菜摊等活跃起来，虽然<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">噪音</span></strong>对某些居民区有较大影响，但这种影响<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可根据经营地点的适当管控而避免，而不是统统“室内化”</span></strong>。而在深夜，一定数量的露天街头零散商摊也能<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">增强夜间街道的安全感</span></strong>，尤其是南方非常普遍的夜市，实际上北京某些校园外也有非常庞大的夜市需求 (图24)。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5664063" data-w="768" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7N8QJGjgAxRGGmyZJP8CibdRpWYxgXxaRqP4fz9HT3BJweUJfHicbgWibg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图24. 夜市小吃街</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：www.oneplusbbs.com摄于2018年12月，广西玉林</p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 3px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;line-height: 1;text-align: center;border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%;background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);color: rgb(255, 255, 240);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</p></section><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:82.txt2" style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">平日与节假日</strong></p></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 平时与节假日城市的生活节奏有一定变化，导致街头零散商摊空间也随之变化。在<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">双休日</span></strong>，上下班高峰期不明显，地铁口的零散流动商摊会更少，住宅小区以及胡同中卖早点的零散商摊会持续更长的时间，往往能到十点多钟以后。<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">春节时期</span></strong>，中关村一带的街头零散商摊商摊基本消失了，报刊亭也不营业了，而大大小小的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">庙会</span></strong>成为了街头零散商摊聚集的地方，例如北京春节厂甸庙会 (图25)；天安门广场的街头零散商摊也反映了对节日生活的适应，在<span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五一和国庆期间</strong></span>会出现卖饮料、食品、纪念品、胶卷等的服务站，平时严肃的天安门广场增添了更多亲切宜人的气氛。可见<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市公共空间的变化在一定程度上是由街头零散商摊的变化来反映的</span></strong>。</span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6661786" data-w="683" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqWXZ5V4gXn6xm1NpXNQ65h7s8WFK8yaGS0JEkiaasbmudaIq57bEnicBaO6bCtz2sFXapCGHwBKKOicg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: line-through;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(129, 129, 129);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图25. 北京春节厂甸庙会（蜂鸟网摄于2007年2月）</p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 2px;padding-bottom: 3px;padding-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 1.8em;min-height: 1.6em;line-height: 1;text-align: center;border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%;background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);color: rgb(255, 255, 240);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</p></section><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:86.txt2" style="margin-left: 0.4em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不同季节</strong></p></span></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: line-through;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">市民日常生活四时不同，街头零散商摊的<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">经营品种和经营地点</span></strong>也适时改变，因而城市公共空间也随之变化。街头零散商摊空间的变化向市民们提示着四季的变换，例如王府井和西单商业街的食品亭大约在五月出现十一月消失了，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商业街的尺度、人流活动、空间的布局也随着时间而改变，这就是“活的城</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市”。</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间存在的必然性</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">从北京街头零散商摊的具体分析，可以看出街头零散商摊空间是一种“场所”——城市公共空间中本源性的“游牧空间”，就是城市日常生活空间的有机组成部分：日常基本的城市功能的灵活性补充，城市公共空间中各阶层的群体交流互动的地点和起点，一部分城市人立足社会、走向社会的原创空间。基于北京城市的典型性，可以推论出<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间是客观必然存在的，而且在城市发达的阶段依然存在。</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">街头零散商摊空间首先产生于了<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市对于多样化和动态的功能的需求</span></strong>。很大一部分北京街头零散商摊空间是自发形成的，还有一部分街头零散商摊空间是某些部门精心策划的，比如街头邮政报刊亭、某些修自行车的摊子等。虽然它们不是规划师或建筑师主导规划和设计的，但是它们在一定程度上方便了市民的日常生活，而且大多数是在比较适合的地段和时间内出现，完善了城市功能。这也解释了为什么很多地段的街头零散商摊空间被城市管理部门清除之后但又马上“死灰复燃”，为什么多数市民在彻底清除街头零散商摊后又感到不方便了。因此从城市规划和城市设计的角度来看，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们应该肯定街头零散商摊空间的存在</span></strong>，就如W.H.怀特所说“<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市存在功能真空，因而它是城市自己产生的”</span></strong>。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.75" data-w="400" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBwRHFvzZJfpnicrhr5C5TuEoUp3PLAkywIrSKYJ80WXSwyAbiaLFTLkrQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 400px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1. 在街头商摊买早餐吃早餐的市民</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：广州日报摄于2006年4月，广东</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6025" data-w="400" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBzkZ1zJ9bw87oTXYdzQgT1TdYD3FGWqZxHyJibuYjm9rrReLiaDU7WVDg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 400px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图2. 虽然</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">环境差但依然深受市民欢迎的早餐摊</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：广州日报摄于2006年4月，广东</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;line-height: 1.8;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其次，街头零散商摊空间符合城市的本质意义之一，即人与人的交流。</span></strong>路易斯·芒佛德提出“城市是社会活动的剧场。”艾伦·雅各布斯（Allan Jacobs）和唐纳德·阿蒲尔雅德（Donald Appleyard）继承了这一观点，“城市是一个剧场，是市民展示自己和被人观看的舞台。”因而街头零散摊商就选择了城市公共空间，除了解决生计问题，而且表达了自己的存在和接触社会的愿望。另一方面城市各个阶层的人群也愿意与他们交流，包括购买商品和服务。这样街头零散商摊空间成为市民愿意面对面交往的空间，能够激发更多的人与人交往的 社会性活动，它是高于必要性活动和自发性活动的，而且促进了城市公共空间的活力，一种好的城市的重要品质 。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      当然街头零散商摊空间的存在还有城市经济和城市社会学等方面的原因。比如：街头零散商摊空间和相同大小的一块城市公共空间空地对于城市经济的贡献是不一样的，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">将很小面积的城市公共空间转化为街头零散商摊空间不但会给摊商带来效益，而且会更城市带来一定的福利</span></strong>。虽然目前城市管理部门认为街头零散商摊空间有很多负面效果，但是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">规划管理得当，这些负面效果都能最小化</span></strong>，而且负外部性还能通过经济手段内部化，街头邮政报刊亭就是典型的案例。而且街头零散摊商和城市管理部门博弈时，街头零散摊商是处于优势地位， 这也是所谓的非法街头零散商摊屡禁不止的原因之一。比如：街头零散商摊空间对北京下岗职工、北京失业人员、某些外地居民等是某种福利，不仅是帮助他们重新就业，而且是帮助他们融入社会，建立社会责任感。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 另一方面，<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间对于城市和城市公共空间的安全也有一定的促进作用</span></strong>。在北京街头邮政报刊亭和早餐亭的建设过程中，就能看到有关部门对于这些社会学方面的考虑和宣传，进而也促进了这些街头零散商摊空间得到普遍接受和认同。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.5509091" data-w="550" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBicBLkSzheatVVGssYmnXClibbTFlIw8n2xLH37uhguAVFSZn4AhsdpyA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 550px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3. 北京海淀区规范早餐摊点经营秩序</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">早餐摊实行十分制驾照扣分模式</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">zj.sina.com.cn</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span> 摄于2019年4月，北京</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间的特征</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">根据对北京具体地段的街头零散商摊空间和典型案例的分析，我们可以得到一些关于街头零散商摊空间普遍性的规律。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01</section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">离散节点化 </strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 街头零散空间不是匀质地分布在城市所有公共空间内，也不是完全集中在某一处，而是<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">呈离散节点化分布，即成簇地分布在路口、门道、街市和广场这些城市关键的点或“瓶颈”</span></strong>。一方面，街头零散商摊空间趋向人流密集的地段；另一方面，它们又吸引更多的人集中，大众化地接近和使用这些商摊空间。因而在很大程度上街头零散商摊空间是活跃了这些城市转折性的公共空间，增强了城市公共空间之间的变换。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02</p></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当地化</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      </strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间是城市中非常当地化的公共空间。</strong></span>首先表现为这些摊商大部分都是和周围的居民或者当地街道办事处或者居委会有一定的熟识关系；其次这些商摊空间的经营服务活动都是与周围市民日常生活是密切相关的，而且常常能够引发当地的其它街头活动；再次这些商摊空间的布置、色彩和形象也很当地的经济社会条件有一定的关连。<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因而这些商摊空间对于城市公共空间的多样性、地标性和安全性都是有一定的促进意义的。</span></strong></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgByvmH1xhr6pKeleaS8M2K1xM3H4bGoVRhUEsprfSO4zia3ibpibF2LXenw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图4. 西安书院门附近</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文玩古籍商摊契合街区特色</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：www.sohu.com苏丹卿，西安书院门</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03</p></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">灵活化</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间在时间和空间上都是灵活化的，体现了城市机体的生命力。</span></strong>在时间上，不同的季节、节日，一天中不同的时段，街头都会出现相应的街头零散商摊空间，顺应了城市的脉搏，不断地改变着城市公共空间的特色和面貌，而这就是城市日常生活的一部分；在空间上，街头零散商摊空间也不是全部固定的，有很多特定的零散摊商是在城市中流动的，因而他（她）们经营服务活动形成的空间就是流动的城市公共空间，这也是城市的一部分。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(112, 185, 186);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">04</p></section><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(85, 142, 142) transparent transparent rgb(85, 142, 142);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 1.6em;line-height: 1.7em;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人性化</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 0px;border-left: 0.8em solid rgb(240, 240, 240);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 0.8em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 街头零散商摊空间中最基本的是摊商——人，在这个空间里产生的和激发的是人与人面对面的交往，富有人情味的城市生活由此而产</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生</span></strong>。而这些零散商摊的形式由于需要适应摊商方便操作而往往就有人性化的尺度，形成的空间也由于适应面对面的方式而往往比较近人。因而对于城市中某些不近人的界面，比如高而光的围墙、巨大空旷的广场、枯燥的街头停车场，街头零散商摊空间都能起到一定的缓和作用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间发展方向</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 纳入城市设计内容合理规划设计和规制管理是今后街头零散商摊空间健康发展的方向。</span></strong>北京街头零散商摊空间的建立和管理涉及的行政部门很多，包括城市规划、工商行政管理、城市管理监察、市政管委、环卫、公安交通、城市 电力等部门，在中国其它城市这种情况非常相似，但是对于它们建立的非难主要集中在影响市容、交通、卫生、扰民等，因而今后应该考虑将街头零散商摊空间纳入城市设计的内容,根据它们的城市设计为基础综合考虑管理问题和其它运营问题。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6644444" data-w="450" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBicjER1mjgoraTicplqv6ic2zK7TbLZEA9ugsxodiaW6Ov7VqJOVILEd5yQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 450px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图5. 街头杂乱商摊影响交通和市容市貌</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">www.koduo.com</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span> 摄于2015年10月，深圳</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">对于街头零散商摊能够较大地影响城市公共空间的认识是广泛接受的，比如：为了美化市容，城市管理部门常常会将自发的街头零散商摊空间集中起来室内化，对于非法街头零散商摊采取取缔的措施；然而另一方面，<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于从城市设计的角度认识街头零散商摊空间仍然是很不足的，没有统一认可街头零散商摊空间就是城市公共空间的有机的一部分，没有完全意识到对于街头零散商摊空间作出合理的城市设计不仅不会给城市带来负外部性</strong></span>，如破坏市容、噪音、 影响交通等，而且能够完善城市功能，增强城市活力，实际上街头邮政报刊亭 就是典型的案例。因此这导致城市管理上只是简单化地规定某某大街不允许街头零散商摊的出现，城市管理部门和某些街头零散商摊之间“猫捉耗子”的游戏也从未停止过，而且<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">往往在取缔街头零散商摊空间的同时也影响了市民日常生活的方便性，一定程度上破坏了城市丰富的街头生活。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;">通过合理的规划设计首先能够在宏观和中观的城市设计的层次上根据街头商摊空间的特点，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">合适地安排这一部分特有的城市公共空间，发挥它对整体城市公共空间的贡献，极大减少它的负外部性；</strong><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;">其次能够在城市设计的微观层次上</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">把握街头零散商摊空间的具体形象和它与周围环境的关系，提高特定地段的城市空间品质；</strong><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;">再次，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在城市设计的范畴内给街头零散商摊空间作出引导性的建议条款。</strong></span>在合理规划设计的前提下，管理就有了一定的明确详细依据的规制管理，而不是“一刀切”简单化的管理，这在城市经济上也是帕累托的改进。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散商摊空间设计的原则</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(137, 205, 206);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;line-height: 1.8;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">街头零散商摊空间能够有效地提高城市公共空间的品质。基于街头零散商摊空间普遍性的规律特征，从中可以总结出一些关于街头零散商摊空间设计的原则，有利于今后创造出良好的街头零散商摊空间，促进城市公共空间的良性发展。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 31px;height: 1em;width: 1.4em;line-height: 1.2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>01</strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);line-height: 1.6em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以布点为基础的综合化原则</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">街头零散商摊空间实际上是弥补了城市功能某些不足，因而首先应该考虑<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">它们在城市公共空间合适的布点位置和密度</span></strong>，其次，它们在城市公共空间中与周围建筑、城市基础设施、绿化景观等在形式、空间、社会文化和经济上都密切联系，因而需要综合考虑<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散空间大小、形式、功能等</strong></span>。目前北京街头零散商摊空间的自发的或者某些部门策划的布点规律对于城市设计中考虑它们的布点是有借鉴意义的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      比如：目前北京街头商摊空间在路口、门道、街市和广场的离散节点式分布。又比如：目前街头邮政报刊亭在西城区分布的密度大约是每 400 米×400 米见方内一个邮政报刊亭。宏观或中观层次上正确的布点是街头零散商摊空间健康发展的基础，另外还需要综合考虑它们与周围环境的关系，以此来综合和讨论工商行政管理、园林、公安交通管理、城市管理监察、市政管委、环卫等行政部门的意见和周围居民、座商等意见。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.66625" data-w="800" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBtia2zqrNrO39CiaicfRUcxTywQyz3q9zYjHqvfROfAKtyUZicLKgN9KRbQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图6. 拐角处的报刊亭</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：子弹财经摄于2019年6月，北京</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);line-height: 1.6em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">松散模式原则</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 31px;height: 1em;width: 1.4em;text-align: right;line-height: 1.2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>02</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">     <span style="font-size: 14px;"> 目前街头零散商摊经营内容可分为报刊类、饮食类、百货日杂类、修理类等，经营方式有连锁经营、个体经营等，其空间也包括固定的、半固定的、流动的等。这样是对城市日常生活多样性和灵活性的适应。因此街头零散商摊空间的设计需要遵循这种松散模式化的原则，规定几种基准和原型，允许商摊有多种扩展的可能性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      在空间形式上：可以<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">设计固定的类似于房间的构筑物</span></strong>，如邮政报刊亭，出租给零散摊商们；可以设计固定的类似于架子的构筑物，出租给零散摊商们；可以设计一块<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">特殊的硬质空地</span></strong>，如特色花色的铺地，或者有灌木或者乔木围合的空地；可以鼓励某些建筑物凹角处出租给零散摊商们；可以容许某些街道等城市公共空间在<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">某些时间段出现零散摊商</span></strong>。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">      在摊商经营设施上：可以<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对其形象、风格和尺寸作出严格的规定</span></strong>；可以仅仅只是对于尺寸（长、宽、高）作出严格的规定；可以自制，自购或者统一设计；鼓励采用不同的轻质材料，包括木、布、合金、玻璃、塑料、纸等。在管理模式上：可以<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">容许固定的街头零散商摊</span></strong>；可以容许流动的街头零散商摊，当然是在特定的范围内。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.666" data-w="500" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBrxLibIsYtdzfPpREhmEialJicW9O9tZ2pfvuPCx25bLP8a9nAqVvzlemg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 500px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图7. 规范化的街头商摊</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 10px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：重庆日报摄于2013年7月，重庆大坪街道天灯堡社区</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 31px;height: 1em;width: 1.4em;line-height: 1.2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>03</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);line-height: 1.6em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因地制宜原则</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      街头零散商摊空间在城市中是非常当地化的，反映的都是特定地段的场所感</span></strong>，而每个地段的城市环境、居民构成、社会文化、经济状况等都是不一样的，因而对于它们的设计需要因地制宜。比如：在古建筑保护的地区或者城市主要 公共设施周围，对于街头零散商摊空间可以像对待街头家具一样统一设计；在一般的住宅生活区中，对于街头零散商摊空间设计可以采用居民参与的方式进行。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);line-height: 1.6em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时间性原则</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 31px;height: 1em;width: 1.4em;text-align: right;line-height: 1.2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>04</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">街头零散商摊空间反映的是城市的脉动，因而在城市设计时也要<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">充分考虑时间性的方面，尊重街头零散商摊空间临时性的本质</span></strong>。首先是对于某些特定地段的街头零散商摊不用严格规定经营内容和经营时间，给摊主自由发挥的弹性空间；其次是提倡建议某些街头零散商摊空间可以由不同的摊商在不同时间段内分别使用，再次对于较大范围的城市公共空间如广场、街市，在特定时间段内容许街头零散商摊空间的出现，如早市、晚市，以此保持城市的二十四小时活力。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.75" data-w="1080" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBtbWZ9mOYYHPK9VyyDZJibFEROwk9oMlJcOR6NgKJlCdWA1LTIV78sNg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图8. 只在晚上出现的海鲜夜市</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 10px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图源：视觉中国</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -0.3em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 31px;height: 1em;width: 1.4em;line-height: 1.2em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>05</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 185, 186);line-height: 1.6em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">提倡街道办事处参与的原则</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 8px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">      <span style="font-size: 14px;">针对街头零散商摊空间在城市中的当地化和中国社区管理的实际，提倡街道办事处参与设计。这与国外在街头零散商摊空间规范化研究中与社区的街头商摊联合组织合作是不同的，主要是国情的不一样。街道办事处是中国城市中 “两级政府，三级管理”体制中第三级的管理部门，与当地居民直接发生关系。<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(112, 185, 186);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街头零散摊商很大部分都和当地居民或者街道办事处有一定的联系，而且街道办事处也一般深入地了解当地的情况</span></strong>，街道办事处参与街头商摊零散空间的设计会在一定程度上保存街头零散商摊空间的合理性和可操作性。目前街头邮政报刊亭的成功建设就和街道办事处的密切参与分不开的。而且街道办事处的参与也会促进街头零散商摊空间的居民参与，保持正规统一设计中居民自发性和自主性的特点。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关于作者</strong></span><br  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 222.938px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/o4Nwd3FxibqXIuwvKF3NZuwTV2yNLtVgBFsnf7S3rYeP5qicG6fxCiay3NAlsFeRQmicDJDgicAYNsJW3FnfMv67BaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="1.3383742911153118" data-w="529"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 0.3px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">杨滔</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中国城市规划设计研究院未来城市实验室执行副主任</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学《城市设计》副主编</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同济大学CUSP<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.3px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">研究员</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;font-family: line-through;letter-spacing: 0.3px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学和UCL（伦敦大学学院）双博士，国际空间句法指导委员会委员，中国建筑学会城市设计分会理事，中国建筑学会建筑策划与后评估专业委员会理事，中国建筑学会计算性设计委员会常务理事，中国城市科学研究会大数据专委会高级会员，中国勘察设计协会科技技术奖评审专家。曾负责雄安数字规划平台项目、北京城市副中心行政核心区控规及城市设计、大伦敦战略规划城市空间设计专项、西班牙塞维利亚总体规划、沙特阿拉伯国家空间规划等项目。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">注：本文分享自“城市科学与规划”微信号，编辑审核:徐怡怡. 特此鸣谢.</span><br  /></p><section style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 549.09px;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(178, 185, 192) 1px 0px 10px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="bottom: auto;left: auto;right: auto;top: auto;"><img data-ratio="0.7516667" data-type="png" data-w="600" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zAYw2wjLZyQG1LpibrfsAo9U1Lj6rp3mpD8kcOUoWIQZpPicEY1xTEfWA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -70px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2887865" data-type="png" data-w="651" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zvgoCkWzz2ichtMgfn1ibkhibXasdbeyeZoBUIib7ZAuAadgGBKicuNhFjKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(133, 118, 106);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">城乡规划行业的“</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">问卷星</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 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