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<p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;clear: both;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><img style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;white-space: normal;width: 100%;" data-ratio="0.23984375" data-type="jpeg" data-cropsely2="47" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropselx1="0" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkToNPZmTickn0Sey6j7A7vPlhfqpmCPErnicK4PhpnWrnh1E7B23zPZ0bgjickgrIt505UMyBEriagkQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-backh="135" data-backw="562" data-w="1280" data-s="300,640"  /></p><section style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 20px 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0.5em;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;line-height: 2em;font-size: 1em;border-left-color: rgb(155, 215, 223);border-left-width: 10px;border-left-style: solid;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: 0em 0.2em 0.2em rgb(153,153,153);overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;clear: both;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">【编者按】去年是本刊创刊40周年，我们评选出了</span><a style="color: rgb(87, 107, 149);margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;text-decoration: underline;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwMjAxNTIwOQ==&mid=2247501162&idx=1&sn=fa71f3e5bdf8dbca50ea1e85584a5e05&chksm=96e7adeca19024fa7aa6a4a426da6196266970c676bf3042eb42ba03601e680e3d45fafd8563&scene=21&token=1880508828&lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data-linktype="2" tab="innerlink" textvalue="《》“最具影响力学术文献”共40篇"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">《》“最具影响力学术文献”共40篇</span></strong></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">。3月13日，本公众号发布了评选结果，并在之后将这些“老”文章整理出来，从3月26日开始分八次推送。在整理这些优秀文献的时候，小编发现，尽管时间已过去了40年，尽管在今天似乎出现了越来越多炫酷的新技术、新方法，但这些“老”文章里提出的“老”问题，直至今天似乎也没有很好的答案。这提示我们，“城市规划”关注的核心，始终应该是“人”。整理这些文献的过程，是一个回归初心的过程，希望您在阅读这些经典文献的时候，也有同感。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 32px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"  /></section><section style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" donone="shifuMouseDownPayStyle('shifu_bij_019')" label="Copyleft 2018 iPaiban All lefts Reserved （本样式已做版权保护，未经正式授权不允许任何第三方编辑器、企业、个人使用，违者必纠）"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;" data-role="paragraph"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"><p style="margin: 0px 32px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;clear: both;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">〔摘要〕</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文是有关高速铁路对中国城市空间演变研究的一个起步阶段成果，全文主要分为四个部分。第一部分是高铁对城市影响的基本概述。第二部分是高铁发展背景的国际比较，通过几个不同的侧面包括城镇化程度和高铁铺展速度等，指出高铁的发展对中国城市空间演变带来的影响不仅不同于其他已经发展了高铁的国家如法国、德国、日本，而且其影响会更深远。第三部分是在综述国内外现有理论和方法论的基础上，提出高铁对城市影响之分析方法的基本框架、指标体系和适合本研究的高铁站分类，并解释该基本框架的普遍应用性及其在分析中国城市情况时的特殊考虑。最后，我们就高铁如何影响高速城镇化中的中国城市提出三个假设性的推测，作为我们下一步研究要证实的内容。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 20px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">1  序言：发展高铁对城市的影响</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">高速铁路正在迅速地出现在中国这个幅员广阔人口众多的国家。几年之内，数百个被连接的城市将感受到来自高铁系统的时空压缩效应。这个全国范围的“客运专线”系统，并不是唯一的连接这几百个城市的客运系统，从运输经济学角度看，它需要与其他运输方式包括航空和公路以及传统铁路系统竞争，从而定位并找到自己的市场。因此，这种时空压缩所带来的直接效益是采用该运输方式的乘客可以比采用其他运输方式节约更多旅行时间。只要乘客感觉其节约的时间比付出的费用更有价值，就会乘坐高铁；而当所有高铁乘客的时间节约带来的总收益大于高铁的总投资的时候，该系统在经济上就合理了。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">然而，从城市的角度考虑，高铁是一个城际交通工具，它为乘客带来的时间节约并不是问题的核心，而只是问题的起点。首先，从技术经济角度看，高铁最主要的竞争对手是航空运输，但从城市空间上看，高铁站与机场的选址条件差别很大。铁路对城市的干扰主要不是车站，而是来自可能需要穿越城市但又不可以与其他运输方式共享的铁路线；但机场本身则主要因为飞机起飞噪音空域使得其选址需要远离市中心。因此，对于小城市而言，机场的干扰不大，不便程度也不大，因为城市本身的半径小；而城市越大，机场就越远，即使有专门交通通道连接，其连接全城各地的可达性也会下降。与之相反，高铁站是否进入城市中心区，不是一个不可以解决的环境问题，而是成本上的考虑：只要可以接受建设地下通道，或者不介意高架铁路的视觉干扰，高铁站完全可能设在市区内，以便充分连接其乘客最期望的地点。恰恰是这一点，使得投入高铁服务的城市都出现了航空客源部分流失到高铁的现象。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第二，高铁本质上是一个运载能力极大的运输工具，高行驶速度可以使得该方式在同样的时段内比普通铁路系统完成更大的运量。其车站可以达到每年上亿人次的流量。从铁路工程方面，如此庞大的流量固然是一个大问题，但对于城市而言，这样一个日平均进出几万到几十万人的地方本身就是一个庞大的“小时社会”——临时来到这里的人们聚、散、消费、休闲，甚至工作，而同时又有大量的劳务人员为他们的出现提供各种服务。因此，高铁站不仅仅是一个简单的进出城市的门户，更可以说是一个充满各种城市活动的“白昼社区”（day-time community）。因此，从城市角度，如何规划和管理这个社区，如何处理该社区与周围地区的关系，就成了起于高铁而止于城市的问题了。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第三，航空连接其他城市而实现两城“通勤”的几率很小，除了因为飞行成本高，更因为航空方式正点率低，全程受到各种因素干扰的机会大，正点到达的可靠性低。而传统铁路、动车组到高速客运专线都有正点率高的优点，三者的差别主要在速度和票价上。因此理论上，只要票价可以接受，采用高频繁地（比如每天一次的通勤或者每周数次的商业出行）来往于两个实际地理距离较远的城市之间是完全可能的。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第四，与其他运输方式相比，铁路是最线型连接的交通方式，既没有航空方式的灵活性，也没有公路覆盖的全面性。而铁路提速越高，对线路取直的要求越高。由此造成一种通道时空收缩的效果，使得沿线城市的时间距离缩小，形同与非沿线城市的时间距离相对加大。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上述四点当中，前两点意味着一个高铁站的选址、发展与其他运输方式都有所不同，但本质上没有离开铁路站的特征。而后两点揭示通道型连接的运输速度带来了城市间空间相对位置的变形，会带来更大的特定城市之间的互补性。如果两个城市因为高铁的速度显得足够近的话（如北京和天津），那就会在某种意义上实现空间不连续的两个城区一体化。因此，总体而言，如果高铁乘客本身一方面就是这些受到加强的城市连结和互补性的体现，同时，他们还会引发为高铁站集疏运配套系统的建设和为他们服务的活动在高铁站的聚集。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在任何一个国家，高铁的出现都会从上述四方面对城市发展产生影响。因此，上述介绍并不是什么新内容，法国、日本、德国、西班牙等早已发展了高铁网络的国家对上述四方面的问题都有关注和研究。但是，我们注意到，他们研究和关注的问题与中国正在出现的问题不尽一致。他们那里曾出现的现象，我们这里出现了；而他们那里没有出现的情况我们这里也正在出现。我们认为，在介绍和引入外国研究方法研究我国的情况之前，必须对本国的情况有一个清晰的宏观判断。为此，我们在以下的行文中，先比较中外发展高铁在背景上的差异，然后在综述国外文献有关研究之后，提出针对我国情况的研究思路、分析框架以及相关指标体系。最后，我们建议三个有待证实的推测，以便今后有针对性地研究中国特有高铁影响城市的空间过程。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 20px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">2  高速铁路发展背景的国际比较</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">与修建高铁的其他国家相比，我国的高铁建设存在重要差异，主要表现在以下几个方面。首先，与其他国家城镇化率增长平缓不同，我国高铁建设正处在城镇化率加速上升的过程中（图1），这个时期城市空间快速发展，城市不仅面临着空间的高速拓展，也面临内部空间结构的整合。因此，目前高铁的大规模建设，特别是大型高铁综合交通枢纽的建设无疑成为了引导城市空间发展的重要要素之一。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.9576502732240437" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZN5gFia3qfbsibua73kM0H5BWdblMibB8koqPhShq7C2ia6YpwzXLKc0YlQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="538" data-backw="562" data-w="732" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图1  世界各国高铁建设时间与城镇化曲线的关系</span></em></span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">其次，以人均实际国民生产总值（按不变价格计算）衡量，我国高铁建设处于国民经济快速发展但发展水平较低的阶段（图2）。相比之下，其他国家（日本除外）修建高铁时国民经济也处于快速发展的阶段，但总体发展水平较高。这点可能导致我国高速铁路今后客流增长潜力巨大。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.8125" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZsDialmguhI00ibqD51M33R9uFQXE5Zw6O5A2kOMOib2e1PWcIz0x7jRUw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="457" data-backw="562" data-w="800" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图2  世界各国高铁建设时间与人均国内生产总值曲线的关系</span></em></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">再次，通过考察日本、法国、德国、中国等四个国家第一条高铁开通后十年内该国高铁的新建情况（图3）可以发现，四国开通的第一条高铁线路的长度均在500km左右。但不同的是，日本、法国、德国三国在第一条高铁开通后的7-8年才进行第二条线路的建设，长度在200km左右。相比之下，我国在第一条高铁建成后的第5年即展开大规模的高铁建设，并使得10年内高铁的通车里程将达到14500km左右。我国的高铁新建速度、高铁网络的形成时间与其他国存在明显差异，从而可能导致影响城市发展的过程与机理不同。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.7909604519774012" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZicpZcTcsb2QGMD7BDDcngicsTiaibG9RbtKkkk3ez0qb0z2ibJVr6UictXXA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="445" data-backw="562" data-w="1062" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图3  世界各国高铁新建速度比较</span></em></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">另外，我们认为，中国与这些已经建设了高铁的国家还在其他诸多方面有重要差别，比如城市规模、选站址的决过程、所连接城市的航空客运发展水平等。限于篇幅，我们不在这里展开。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 20px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">3  高铁对城市影响之分析方法的基本框架</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(74, 89, 210);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 18px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">3.1  国内外文献综述</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">从城市与区域发展角度对高铁的研究，可以从研究的地域规模上分为两类。第一类研究高铁网络形成后各个城市之间时空关系改变造成的影响。这类研究主要是通过可达性分布的改变，分析一个国家以至多个国家的城市因高铁带来的发展机会，如古铁雷斯等（Gutiérrez1 et al., 1996; Gutiérrez, 2001）和科托-米兰等（Coto-Millán et al., 2007）分析欧盟范围内高铁发展后，某些欧洲中部的城市明显受益于网络可达性和网络经济，而处于边缘的西班牙、葡萄牙的城市则进一步边缘化。然而，相关研究者自己也注意到，这样的研究有两个相当大的局限性。第一，虽然采用GIS等各种技术提高可达性分析的精度，并采用各种可达性指标进行比对，可达性分析本身并不能量化高铁对城市或者区域带来的利或弊。第二，大多数可达性指标是以城市宏观经济发展潜力（如GDP或者总人口）和站—站时间距离为基本因子构造的，这种可达性不涉及高铁使用者的特征。因此，这种分析无法回答高铁究竟为哪类（经济）性质的城市和哪些人群带来正面（或者负面）效应。因此，这种研究相对于其他高铁与经济互动关系的研究（如Vickerman, 1989; Vickerman et al., 1999），除了可以为已知被边缘化中的城市提供更多证据，并未在如何完善高铁对于区域与城市发展的作用上提出多少新见解。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">国内对高铁在区域范围如何影响城市的研究刚刚开始，个案研究正逐步展开，如边经卫（2005）、伍业春（2009）、苏文俊等（2009）、张萃（2009）等。中国社科院的《高铁对城市群的影响》研究报告（2010）对现有的一些研究做了某种综合，归纳高铁对城市群发展的四种效应：（1）时空效应（可达性效应）：快速客运网络从时间上拉近城市间的距离，使经济要素流动的速度加快；（2）边界突破效应：快速客运网络从空间上增扩大了经济要素集聚与扩散的空间；（3）区位增强效应：交通区位发生变化，设站地区的投资环境改善，引来资源要素的汇聚；（4）要素整合效应：可能形成新一轮的资源整合。遗憾的是，这些提法并没有多少数据可供支持。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第二类研究集中分析高铁站及周边地区的重建。这类分析集中研究处理高铁站带来的人流，并将之最合理地利用来发展或者重振车站以及周边地区的经济。贝尔托利尼，皮克等、阿尔布雷克特斯等、贝尔托利尼等的研究都属于这一类。其中，贝尔托利尼（1999）提出的“节点—场所”橄榄球模型是一个理想的理论基础（参见郑德高等, 2009）。它的基本命题是如何在“流的空间”（即运输的节点功能）与场所的空间（即车站带来的其他社会经济活动的需求）取得平衡。用通俗的话说，这个平衡就是一方面作为交通的节点，要做到进出便捷、无缝转乘；而另一方面，作为吸引人流的场所，要做到应有尽有、流连忘返。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这类研究的主要进展来自逐步深入分析火车站引起的土地利用变化。例如房地产租金的增加以及车站附近地区的整体繁荣的研究。与空港城的研究一样，这类研究注重研究交通运输节点与城市商业活动中心一体化的发展趋势。不过，这类研究面临的普遍困难，是对有限个体的研究无法应用于其他类别城市或者车站所出现的问题。我们前面已经提到，除了城市的规模会影响到车站周围发展的情况外，城市化阶段和水平也是一个非常重要的因素。由于这类的研究主要针对的是旧车站地区的重建（如Trip, 2007; Ure?a, 2009等），因此，其结论无法回答诸如正在扩展中的城市把高铁站建在新区会出现的种种问题。另外，该模型也没有回答高铁速度上的差异带来的影响。我国研究者则已经注意到这方面问题的存在。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在国内的高铁以及铁路客站的研究中，涉及到铁路站与周边城市空间关系的研究正在展开（如侯明明, 2008; 王昊等, 2009; 郑德高等, 2009; 中国城市规划与设计研究院交通研究所, 2009），更多的和更成熟的是关于客站的设计与规划，如崔叙（2005）、刘志军等（2007）、刘萍（2007）、翟</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">宁（2008）、郑健等（2006, 2007, 2009），以及关于客站各种城市交通系统接驳的设计与规划，如陆锡明（2003）、徐循初（2006）、白立琼（2006）等。郑健等指出，城市铁路客站的设计已经从“等待式”转型为“通过式”（2009: 28），也注意到通过设计“大空间”“以商补站”是世界趋势（2009: 160）。该研究更正确地指出了高铁速度越快，乘客对（铁路）“途外附属时间”的长度越敏感（2009: 56-57），因而更强调“通过”车站的速度和“零换乘”的重要。然而，尽管这些客站设计已经强调了综合运输枢纽或者链接的重要，但始终没有跳出以铁路和以交通为本的思维。因此，北京南站那种类似机场、独立于周边社区的设计大量出现。贝尔托利尼提出的“场所”价值在这类车站内得到某种体现，但却没有体现在车站周边。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">比较国内外有关研究，我们认为，贝尔托利尼的“节点—场所”理论简洁而明确地说明了铁路站作为运网节点与周边城市场所两者之间价值互动的种种关系和矛盾。然而，直接采用该模型研究中国城市问题有几个不恰当或者不足够的地方。第一，对于很多接驳高铁的中国城市而言，该模型所涉及的仅是城市的一个局部。一个个动辄年客运量高达千万甚至上亿人次的车站对城市空间的影响绝不仅仅限于车站周围步行15分钟可到达的地区。因此，我们即使采用该模型的思想去处理该部分的微观层面问题，也还需要有更大范围、更全面的分析框架去分析相对较宏观的、对整个城市的影响。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第二，严格地说，该模型并非专门针对高铁而构思成型的，因此，它并未在模型中反映高铁这种运输方式的特殊性。比如，高铁主要是与航空运输而不是与公路运输争夺较高端的中距离城际出行者。如何在分析框架中体现这一点？</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第三，该模型并没有分开处理铁路站这个运输节点在市内与城际这两个层面的网络关系，而事实上，每个城市的每个车站与城市内各个地点的可达性和该站外部的连接度都是不同的（参见Berg等[1998]对于欧洲14个城市的分析）。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第四，高铁（不是高铁站）对于所在城市带来的影响，很大程度上取决于其邻近城市与该城市本身因为高铁而产生或者强化了的互补作用。这一点也是这个以车站地区为分析对象的模型所没有涉及的。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第五，不论宏观的可达性分布分析还是微观的站场“节点—场所”分析，对乘客行为分析都存在不足。从铁路系统本身出发视为“途外附属时间”的部分，必须包括在高铁对城市影响的研究中。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">因此，我们需要建立一个分析框架，它一方面可以涵盖贝尔托利尼的橄榄球模型所涉及的车站地区微观环境的影响分析，另一方面，针对我国城市大、城市化程度中等（50%左右）而且还在继续快速发展的情况，回应上述五个方面的考虑。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(74, 89, 210);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 18px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">3.2  我们自己的分析框架</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">针对现有分析框架缺少对高铁乘客本身的行为分析，我们首先从人本身入手。我们把高铁乘客分为三类：第一类是当日往返的乘客（特别是商务客），第二类是两地通勤者，第三类是其他乘客（他们之中大多数都会在始发地或者终到地停留多日而不是当天往返）。我们假设，第一类的乘客乘坐高铁的原因是它较其他运输方式优越，但他们对于高铁以及两个城市连接高铁的设施与条件的要求没有另外两类高。我们称另两类为时间敏感型乘客。我们用时间约束型模型来解释他们的行为与要求。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">先看当日往返商务客的情况。图4中横向两维表示空间，纵向为日时间轴，由下至上0点到24点。图中棕红色直线代表一个人生命轨迹，垂直向上是表示这个人呆在同一地点使用或者“消费”时间；当生命轨迹呈斜线时，表示他向其他地方出行，斜率越大，行动速率越慢。棕红虚线的菱形与圆形一起，表示一个人在给定的交通工具情况下，每天的最大时空活动范围（假定他早上从自己家出发并在晚上回到这个家）。当棕红线与蓝线表示的另一生命轨迹在“工作地点”那个圆柱里平行向上时，表示两人在一起工作或者活动。当这种活动必须与其他人一起才能完成时，就构成了共作约束（coupling constraint, H?gerstrand, 1974; Pred, 1981）。高铁的出现，使得这些对个人的时空活动范围（Time-space Prism）有了一种突破：在城市某处出现了特定时段特定连接地点的“时空隧道”或者“窗口”，它为跨城市当天来回的商务活动和跨城市通勤带来了可能。但是，当住在城市甲的某人到城市乙展开商务活动时，他与其他人共作的时空段是很小的，因为我们假设他要回到自己的城市家中。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.5639300134589502" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZZLiaIBrMTH5eztzposqSMbAHG0cicZr3SeK6DEibtHWUPKKVm4Y0NPMUw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="317" data-backw="562" data-w="743" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图4  个人平日行动的时空范围及高铁时空隧道的影响(1)：跨城市当日往返商务</span></em></span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">再看跨城市通勤的人（图5）。他必须在另外一个城市和同事有较长的共作时空段。假设他可以付得起来回的车费，问题的关键就不再是高铁本身，而是他到高铁站之前和出高铁站之后的旅行时间耗费。而且，高铁速度越快，其所占整个出行时间的比重就越小，通勤的人对到高铁站换乘方便程度和市内交通时耗就越敏感。对于中小城市而言，市内连接高铁站的时间应该相对比较小，因为车站应该不会远，市内交通时耗也不会太大或者太不稳定。然而，对于大城市来说，通勤者或者住地近高铁站，或者工作地近高铁站，最好两者都是，以避免市内交通堵塞带来的问题。但是，如果期望两个城市更多地通过人员来往提高双方的城市效益，那就不是一两个通勤人员的问题，而是需要尽可能将车站设在市中心或者完善高铁站的综合交通换乘和连接。也就是说，我们这个以人为本的模型，需要进一步扩大为以城市为本的模型，才能具体分析中国高铁对城市的全面影响。同时，我们注意到一个情况，就是当我们开始对这个高铁站与城市相互关系进行研究时，上百个高铁站的选址是已经确定了的。因此，我们需要一个可以分析并比较位于城市不同区位的高铁站对城市影响的差异的思路。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.5779310344827586" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZOhSib4URvj29cwUp9XswbqXOiaF8tDLfQFbb737YWYic64wP9dh2RXGgQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="325" data-backw="562" data-w="725" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图5  个人平日行动的时空范围及高铁时空隧道的影响(2)：通勤出行</span></em></span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">为此，我们提出用于中观分析的“茶壶模型”（图6）。该模型涉及三个地理层次的内容。第一个层次是车站及附近地区。该模型的底部有两个圈，一个是高铁站特征，另一个是车站附近地区的整合，两者加在一起，就是贝尔托利尼的“节点—场所”模型。第二个层次是城市本身。对应车站特征，我们除了关注所在城市特征，还从内部可达性上区别每个城市与该高铁站连接的差异。第三个层次是城市与外部的关系。本模型的“壶嘴”是外部有效连接度及其连接着的邻近城市对本城市的互补作用这两个部分。我们下面通过对应该模型的指标体系来进一步解释该分析模型各个部分的含义和作用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 393px;height: 411px;" data-ratio="1.0451388888888888" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZQHNrXppbT8P8jfYc8p94Y8BAJUActHhvEKkhMHv2V4kkTkkSYKvdCA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="576" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图6  高速铁路城市影响的分析模型</span></em></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"> </span></em></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第一，对每个作为研究对象的高铁站，我们需要从其车站特征做出分类，这涉及以下五个方面：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在高铁网络系统内的功能：枢纽、中途站、终端站？ </span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">与其他类型铁路系统的关系：高铁专用站还是高铁—动车—普铁混合站？ </span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">高铁站本身的规模（线路量、站台数量、设计日流量） </span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在城市的什么区位：市中心、城区边缘、新城、机场？ </span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在同一城市内的单一性：单一高铁站还是多个高铁站之一？</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这五个方面当中，前三个是有关高铁站本身与铁路系统的关系，后两个是其在城市中的区位特征。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第二，我们考虑车站附近地区的协调与整合时，特别注意以下六个方面：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">附近地区居民与居住区的特征 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">附近地区商业与商业区的特征 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">附近地区与车站硬件基础设施（道路、站场等）的配合关系 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">车站衍生需求在站内外部空间上的关系</span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;list-style-type: circle;"><li style="font-size: 15px;"><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">商业方面（展览场馆、办公场所、餐饮服务、商场、休闲设施等）</span></p></li><li style="font-size: 15px;"><p><span style="font-size: 15px;">居住方面（旅馆、公寓式酒店等） </span></p></li></ul><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">环境配合 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">形象配合</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">前两方面描述车站地区在没有引入高铁之前的基本状态，第三方面是车站与周边社区的物理关系（分离型还是融合型），剩下三个方面是反映高铁引入后与周边社区整合的情况。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第三，所在城市特征，主要根据五个方面作为分类尺度：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">在城市体系中的地位（国际大都市、省会、地级市等） </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">经济特征（人均收入水平、产业结构） </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">人口规模 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">面积 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">主要对外（客运）交通方式</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第四，城市内部可达性与连接度。这是一个非常重要，但比较难选择指标的一个内容，因为它涉及高铁影响城市的方式与渠道。我们提出三个指标：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">高铁站到市中心的（时间）距离 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">连接高铁站市内各交通方式的综合连接度（按集疏运能力给予权重） </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">主要交通连接方式到城市主要地区的可达性（按人口密度或者办公面积给予权重）</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这三个指标中，第一个相对比较简单直观，而其他两个更能准确地反映高铁带来的效应在城市内的传递。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第五，外部连接度与有效性。这是一个重要但难衡量的指标组，我们希望该组指标能反映出，由于高铁的出现，到底与哪些城市更“近”了。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">高铁站到最近车站所在城市的（时间）距离 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">高铁连接后的旅行时间节约（指门到门的全程出行时间，经过高铁与其他运输方式比较得到的曲线）为正值的范围内包括哪些城市 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">高铁连接的方便程度（日车次频率、平均换乘等待需要时间） </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">高铁站在高铁网中的相对位置（网络节点可达性）</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">第六，本城市与高铁连接后产生全程旅行时间节约之邻近城市的互补性。我们认为，会对本城市产生重要影响的外部因素，主要来自那些利用高铁当日来回互动的人群，而这些人流动的基础是两地的差异及互补性，它们包括：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地的产业差异 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地的产业内部相关性 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地产业人员素质的互补性 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地在工资水平上的差异 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地在物业租金上的差异 </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">两地的总体居住环境的差异</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们认为，实际调研的结果，应该可以找到某种门槛指标，高于该指标的互补性会带来规模影响，甚至形成滚雪球的效应，导致两城市出现联动式的发展。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(74, 89, 210);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 18px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">3.3  研究框架及指标体系的应用与车站分类方法</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们认为，这里提出的研究框架和指标体系，可以用于以下两种情况的分析与比较：（1）同一城市内不同高铁站的比较，（2）不同城市之间的比较。我们认为，在中国做高铁城市影响的分析，无论上述两种比较研究的哪种，高铁站本身的区位特征应该成为分类的起点和基础，因为我国的快速城镇化仍处在“进行时”，很多高铁连线的城市仍处在空间扩展的阶段。处于不同地理区位的高铁站，其影响会有很大差异。而全国高铁网出于种种原因加速了铺展速度，更导致选点咨询不足。因此，根据高铁站区位分类是最适当的解释和揭示问题所在的手段。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">中国城市规划设计研究院的一个研究将高铁站分为中心站、综合站、新城站和接驳站四类（中规院, 2010）。我们对此做了一点调整，认为针对中国情况的复杂性，采用两维分类比较合适，即一个维度是车站功能，另一个维度是车站区位。功能方面分为枢纽、中途、终端、接驳；区位方面为中心、城边、新城与外围（表1）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">表1  二维高铁站分类</span></em></span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.9754098360655737" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRy7bdLASx1EHtuavVQibRBZj807cASNPI75RRvToVD5wHJiaia7qkoAkz0TJ3KwULSbicpqsicu0exCyQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-backh="548" data-backw="562" data-w="732" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></span></section><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;orphans: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(2, 30, 170);display: inline;float: none;font-size: 20px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;">4  代结束语：发展高铁对中国城市化进程带来种种有待证实的推测</span></strong></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本文所构思的分析框架只是一个基本思路，它必须有针对性才可能收到真正的分析效果。我们认为，在快速城市化的过程中大规模建设高铁的国情，会带来不少其他国家没有出现或者没有造成城市进程变化的深层次影响。我们仍然从框架涉及的三个层面入手，列出三方面待证实的问题，代为</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本文的结语和下一步研究的关注重心。<br  /></span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（1）高铁站与附近地区层面</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">国内许多城市政府与规</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">划工作者对高铁站带来的影响预期较高，在高铁站周边地区设置大量商务办公、商业、宾馆业用地的规划方案层出不穷，究竟高铁站能够带来多大规模的商务客流，他们的消费需求又是怎样？如何安排用地功能与用地布局，才能实现高铁站与周边地区的协调发展？这些都是目前普遍十分关心又难以回答的问题。我们既不能盲目夸大，也不能简单轻视高铁站给周边地区带来的影响。研究中将要进行的高铁乘客客流特征调查将试图以这一问题作为重要研究指向。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（2）高铁站所在城市层面</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">国内一些城市认为高铁站能为城市带来显著的发展机遇，甚至带动新城建设实现跨越式发展，这些城市有诸如广州（新广州站）、郑州（新郑州站）、济南（济南西站）等一二线城市，也有韶关（新韶关站）、潮州、汕头、揭阳（潮汕站）、余姚、慈溪（余慈中心城站）等三四线城市。同时，还有一些城市并未期望高铁站带来多少影响，如北京的北京南站，上海的上海南站，温州的新温州站、锦州的锦州南站等。高铁是否能够带来显著的发展机会？究竟哪一类城市更容易受益于高铁？它们是如何受益的？又如何强化这种收益？</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（3）高铁网络覆盖的区域层面</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在我国高铁铺展如此迅速，且“到2020年，将连接所有省会城市和50万人口以上城市，覆盖全国90%以上人口”的情况下，高铁带来的“管道效应”是否依然显著？高铁将带来中心城市的极化发展，使得缺乏竞争优势的中小城市资金、人才流失，还是更多地实现沿线城市的均衡提升，甚至加速中心城市的产业转移？在我国高铁沿线城市数量众多、</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">发展阶段相似的情况下，高铁带来的互补发展、专业分工否明显？</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我们下一步的研究是否能够回答上述问题，很大程度上取决于我们对高铁车站和城市的正确分类以及对乘客全程出行行为调研的成功，因为我们的分析将是以人为本的城市研究，并将把该研究看成更大空间规模上可持续公交导向发展（TOD）的一个组成部分。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">作者：<strong>王缉宪</strong>，香港大学地理学系，副教授。jwang@hku.hk</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">林辰辉</span></strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">，中国城市规划设计研</span><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-top: 0px;"></strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">究院，研究生。Linchenhui66@163.com</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(58, 95, 176);font-family: "mp-quote",-apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: 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