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<p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: center;color: rgb(226, 138, 53);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;"><img width="auto" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);zoom: 0.8;visibility: visible !important;width: auto !important;" data-ratio="0.08359375" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQ4HAvV9ywJiap7GH3SLsdGjAj3IZNKmdwUue2iaRgjAqtVyPMJymnW5UZMibUQCSuZpYU1G8lqSF8yA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1280" data-s="300,640"  /></span></strong></strong></p><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 20px 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0.5em;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;line-height: 2em;font-size: 1em;border-left-color: rgb(155, 215, 223);border-left-width: 10px;border-left-style: solid;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;box-shadow: 0em 0.2em 0.2em rgb(153,153,153);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">考虑到手机端阅读的特点，我们特地邀请作者撰写了文章精华版，与全文一起推出，方便读者在较短时间内了解文章内容。对该主题感兴趣的读者，可进一步阅读全文。在此感谢在百忙中抽出时间撰写精华版的作者，你们的努力让学术论文的阅读体验变得更好。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;line-height: 25.6px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 20px;line-height: 32px;">—</strong></strong><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;line-height: 25.6px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 20px;line-height: 32px;">—精华版——</strong></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道是城市中最广泛存在的公共空间，承载着人们日常通勤、生活、游憩和交往等重要功能。而步行作为街道活动的重要行为方式，一直是街道相关研究关注的重点。在过去的十多年间，随着城市规模的不断增大，效率优先的机动车快速出行成为城市中主要的通勤方式。在这一背景下，街道的步行功能被逐步弱化，占道停车、功能单一及景观破败等问题使得街道越来越不适宜步行。面对目前城市街道所广泛存在的可步行性问题以及城市发展转型所带来的新契机，<strong>本文从人本尺度出发，基于城市多源大数据对城市街道的可步行性问题展开研究，分析街道可步行性的空间特征，进而提出对应的优化设计策略。</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文章首先从人的基本需求出发，从多学科领域出发，<strong>构建城市街道可步行性测度指标体系，将其归纳至</strong></span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(166, 53, 30);font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>通畅性、便利性、舒适性和安全性</strong></span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>四个基础领域</strong>，并进一步细分为8个二级指标和16个三级指标，用以测度业态、环境、心理等因素对街道可步行性的作用机制。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">继而通过爬虫程序采集城市街景图片、POIs业态、城市基础矢量路网等数据，构成研究所需的基础数据库。在此基础上，<strong>首先</strong>对城市步行网络的拓扑范畴进行测度；<strong>同时</strong>，采用全卷积神经网络（FCN）和包含建筑、绿视率、步行道、天空可视域等在内的基础要素数据集对百度街景图片数据进行要素语义分割识别，分析街道要素的分布和构成情况；<strong>最后</strong>与POIs城市业态大数据进行叠合分析，全面而透彻地理解并测度城市街道本体的三维空间。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></section><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 578px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.8598615916955017" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkSZ2tf1wIHPrtTsFTlOrmkuHItFsExrmmnNzjK0Zrn5b4Hxia8FE7J9PlDtuXh69AhuvfLlPsXoADA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="578" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1  南京西桥路百度街景图片</span></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基于此研究方法及数据分析的结论，本文进一步选择南京市中心城区为研究案例（图1），对街道可步行性的分维特征进行分析，结果表明：</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;list-style-type: disc;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道通畅性</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：在城市空间中呈现扇形圈层放射状的整体结构，受长江等自然地理要素影响，步行网络重心较城市建设强度重心和形态重心向东部偏移；测度数值呈现出南高北低、内高外低的分布特征，且与街道等级和城市中心体系布局正相关。<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></li><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道便利性</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：呈现出中心多核连绵、外围点状分散的整体结构，这说明街道服务便利度受到南京城市单中心体系布局的影响作用明显，覆盖度数值在老城区域较高；丰富度则与道路等级、周边用地性质公共性正相关。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></p></li><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道舒适性</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：其分布特征在自然环境及人工环境中呈现差异，自然环境舒适度受城市山水要素和建筑环境影响较为明显，呈现出内低外高的空心化整体结构；人工环境舒适性则呈现出内部核心与孔洞连绵、外部指状延伸的空间分布特征。<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></li><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道安全性</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：呈现内部高值震荡、外围环状割裂的空间分布特征。这说明城市内部风貌破碎和外围的切割性要素不仅影响人工环境品质，还对空间安全感也产生了破坏。</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据对街道通畅性、便利性、舒适性和安全性四个基础领域空间分布特征的分析结论，进一步对影响街道可步行性的内在机制和影响指标之间的相关关系进行研究，并根据影响要素之间的关联逻辑将街道归纳为以下三种导向类别：</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;list-style-type: disc;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通勤导向型街道</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：此类街道密度较大，道路等级较高，道路距离山水等自然景观要素相对较远，具有更高的可达性和较强的通行能力，其功能属性更偏向于通勤。<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></li><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">景观导向型街道</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：此类街道的街区建设强度较低，距自然景观要素相对较近，多有公共绿地分布，具有优质的自然环境和幽静的空间氛围，适宜步行者进行休闲运动类的活动。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></li><li style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生活导向型街道</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：此类街道有较强的服务能力，较高的人群活力和优质的人工环境，适宜步行者在其中进行购物消遣类的活动，为增加行人日常生活所需要的功能（图2）。</span><br  /></p></li></ul><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.6678321678321678" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkSZ2tf1wIHPrtTsFTlOrmkuVYTm7PnibPI78ibpsT55icaUibiafFVfRbL6N9MJQscKxSqJTJDT7YbicCtA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="858" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图2  生活导向型街道：南京科巷百度街景图片</span><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">针对不同导向类型街道可步行性进行的精准诊断结果，本文进而对上述三种街道导向类型在现实城市空间中出现的问题提出了相应的优化设计建议：</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其中<strong>通勤导向型街道</strong>需要对其风貌进行整治，并通过打通街道交通等分流的方式减少流量过多或过低带来的安全性问题，适当减少街道宽度不足处的商业，保障步行空间的通过能力；</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于<strong>景观导向型街道</strong>则需要针对性地增加沿街POI数量和公共用地，以提升该类型街道周边的业态活力，继续加强沿街植物的种植和维护，隔离快速交通中其他交通方式对于步行行为的干扰，但加强其与城市中心的快速交通联系；</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">相对于前两类导向型街道，<strong>生活导向型街道</strong>主要通过增加建筑退界距离、适当拓宽人行道面积、增加沿街的小广场节点来有效提高步行空间本体的通畅性，并提升完善业态类型、进行建筑沿街立面整治以提升街道界面的环境安全感和步行舒适度，从而营造尺度宜人、美观舒适的街道步行空间。</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: Times,serif;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 20px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">——全文——</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">1  城市街道可步行性的百年演变</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">步行行为是城市最古老的交通出行方式，而街道的可步行性一直都是城市研究者和规划者所关注的重点领域。街道是城市活力的最广泛的空间载体，它使得漫步、交流、表演等行为得以在人群中发生。因此，街道对于可步行城市的核心意义在于其是承载通勤的物质空间，也是承载城市文化的社会空间，更是供人们进行社交的公共空间。纵观近百年的城市街道及其步行行为的演变脉络（图1），街道的可步行性可以大致分为<strong>美学至上的诗意步行时期，追求效率的弱步行时期</strong>，以及近年来<strong>强调以人为本的共享街道时期</strong>。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.682664054848188" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZABrODicAdTYYNUicNoDZI5Hj6su4OlKYiafU9iadhvibMAHhxAXic8Pgriajw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1021" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1  街道可步行性及相关理论演变历程</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">美学至上的可步行街道及其所承载的城市行为，可以被认为是城市可步行性的第一个时期。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正如德让所指出的那样，在1667年的巴黎街头越来越多的道路被铺上富有情调的大卵石。这些富有情调的街道不仅改变了巴黎城市的风貌，也使得散步和步行成为巴黎受众最广的活动。市民可以在街道上交流、互动、举行各种活动，他们可以自由地在街道上停留几分钟到几个小时。可步行的街道使得城市的活力得以彰显。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">然而，自20世纪初开始，快速的城镇化过程及人口膨胀使得城市如何安置并承载如此多人口的通勤流动成为主要的问题，于是机动车出行成为城市主要的通行方式。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二战后机动车数量爆炸式的增长，使得城市街道上路权的分配开始向机动车倾斜，步行在街道中的占比不断减小。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，城市街头大量行驶的汽车也对街道的步行人群造成极大的干扰，“街道”慢慢被“道路”所替代，人们不再强调街道对人们步行的意义，而是强调城市的通勤效率。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在这个时期，街道的维度从三维被压缩为一维，从而彻底沦为保障速度的工具，步行者的活动在交通体系中消失，对城市体验必不可少的城市行走感知也随之被忽略。步行行为在城市中的消失随即带来了城市中心区活力的急剧下降，而依靠机动车出行的行为也带来了交通拥堵、环境污染、土地浪费等一系列的城市问题。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随着汽车占领街道而产生的一系列城市问题的显现，建筑及城市理论家逐渐开始通过这些现象对过分强调机动车出行的方式进行反思。以人为本的城市规划及治理思潮开始涌现，并于此过程出现了诸如紧缩城市、精明增长、新城市主义等一系列理念。<strong>街道的界面、风貌、环境品质、活力等开始在城市规划设计和建设中被重新提倡，城市更多地开始追求更高品质的可步行城市空间。步行行为作为一种城市交通方式，也重新回归人本和人们的日常生活。</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，随着共享空间概念于1976年被荷兰政府首次承认，行人与机动车等其他交通出行方式开始融合，“共享”的概念开始引领新的街道思潮。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在街道路权分配上，步行被赋予了最高的优先权；在街道空间上，街道的景观适宜性、界面的多样性和街道休憩设施的布置空间也得到了重视。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随着近年来中国城市发展模式由粗犷扩张开始向精致理性转变，城市的发展越发注重“质”的提升。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，<strong>交通稳静区</strong>等更加注重行人安全和感受的城市交通管治理念的提出，以及“共享性”交通工具的出现和随之带来的城市出行行为模式的改变，也使得街道的可步行性在城市空间中迎来新的契机。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，在当代如何从行人的视角进行大规模且精细化的街道可步行性的测度，发现其特征及影响机制，提升街道的可步行性，并进而实现可步行城市，成为重要的城市研究问题，并积累和引发了大量的研究探索。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">面对目前城市发展转型和“共享”街道所带来的街道可步行性发展的新契机，本文从以人为本的视角对当下城市步行尺度破坏、街道步行空间品质下降、城市步行活动消解等问题展开研究，从人的基本需求出发构建测度体系，测度业态、环境、心理等因素对街道可步行性的作用机制。在分析街道三维空间特征的基础上，选择百度街景数据等大数据类型充分模拟人对步行环境的直观感受，对城市街道空间和可步行性有了更全面、透彻的理解。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，本文将街景数据、业态POI等数据进行了叠合，组成多源大数据综合测度平台。相较于单一维度大数据的分析，基于多源数据的街道步行性研究角度更加直接，分析维度更加全面，测度精度更加细致。在测度分析的基础上，本文以南京为案例城市，分析街道可步行性在城市空间领域的分布规律和特征，并剖析其内在的影响机制，为后续更好地营造可步行城市和提升街道可步行性提供科学理性的支撑。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">2  研究方法</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">2.1  街道空间可步行性</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从狭义上理解，城市街道空间可步行性是指一个地区建成环境的步行友好程度，其仅仅反映出步行行为与步行空间之间的关系；而从广义上来说，街道空间可步行性体现了通行行为、通行环境、行人三者之间交互影响、互相作用的综合关系。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">索斯沃斯在《设计步行城市》一文中对“步行性”进行了定义：“建成环境通过人行的舒适和安全来支持和鼓励步行的程度，通过合理的时间将人与目的地联系起来，并在整个步行网络中提供视觉趣味”。因此，行人在城市空间之中行走的生理及心理感受，及其在城市街道中行走过程中的舒适性（受到诸如景观绿化、步行道连续性等步行环境要素影响），往往被认为是衡量城市街道可步行性的重要指标。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据测度方法、测度数据等方面的差异，街道可步行研究测度大致可以被分为三个主要方面：基于访谈记录的步行感知，基于问卷和实地调查的指标体系，和依托量化大数据测度。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于步行感知和指标体系的街道可步行测度相对成熟，但是存在较大的局限性。因为无论是基于访谈还是问卷调查的测度研究，都很难进行大规模且精细化的全市域层面的测度。同时，由于受访者的背景和教育程度不同，所采集的数据有效性和可靠性方面也存在较大的局限性，其测度结果无法作为普适性的结论被进一步应用和探究。近年来，在大数据测度方面，国内很多学者做了大量的探索。如黄萌等在原始步行指数计算方法基础上加入业态POI可达性分析加以优化，以北京市丰台区太平桥街道为例计算了该区域步行指数；周垠、龙瀛在步行指数的评价体系基础之上，利用百度地图POI 大数据和百度街景大数据尝试对成都街道功能和街道环境进行综合评价。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">然而，基于大数据评价的测度研究尚处于起步阶段，目前能够采集的大数据类型较为单一，多为单一维度的城市大数据，计算结果往往只能代表街道可步行性的某一方面，缺乏全面性。如上文所述，大量的研究者通过访谈、问卷、实地观察等方式进行街道可步行性的测度。但这些研究也展现出了其研究方法和所获得结果的局限性。同时，单维大数据虽然能在一定程度上客观地反映出街道可步行性的某些方面，但由于其缺乏对于其他城市空间要素的考虑，从而也在数据和结果层面存在偏差。另外，街道作为城市中最主要的公共空间，其不仅仅是城市通勤功能的载体，同时还承担了社交、公共活动、文化、消费及休闲等城市活动。前人对于街道可步行性的研究分别基于交通领域、公共健康领域和城市规划领域等相关的理论背景。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，基于对街道可步行性这一研究对象的认知方式不同，不同的研究者所构建的测度体系指标类型的侧重各不相同，对于单一指标的解读方式也不完全一样（图2）。这些都使得对于街道可步行性的测度指标缺乏统一的、相对全面的测度体系。<strong>本文通过多源大数据的研究方法，将包含空间形态、业态和街景的多源数据进行整合、计算与分析，以挖掘街道可步行性的深层影响机制；同时，通过将街道可步行性相关学科领域各自的测度指标进行归纳和融合，建构城市街道可步行性的测度体系。</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.7901085645355851" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZPkibO2zC7plA0d5Y1kibRoNH5ktYibsqe2RnLydql2oanrPzEJ9H0hhqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="829" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图2  多学科领域的测度指标汇总</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">2.2  城市街道可步行性的测度体系建构</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">综上所述，通过对来自不同理论背景的城市街道可步行性测度指标进行汇总，并结合街道可步行性测度类相关文献中具体的测度要素的统计，本文发现不同学科对于城市街道可步行性测度的各类指标都可以归纳进入<strong>通畅性、便利性、舒适性和安全性</strong>四个基础领域。因此，本文在这四个基本原则内进一步细分测度指标，建构测度体系（图3）。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 483px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.9937888198757764" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZZ8T5w9LicGmaJCicmsiaHkxZQdBTiaLQr6LTck7nzwEUkzXfB7o1nnuzKw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="483" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3  街道可步行性测度体系</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）测度体系构建原则</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通畅性原则</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：是指城市街道步行网络连续畅通且不受其他交通出行方式的切割，以及为行人提供足够通过面积且连续稳定的可步行空间。步行网络和步行主体的通畅性越高，则街道步行的通畅性越高。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">便利性原则</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：是指城市街道能够为周边居民及步行者提供足够数量的街道服务，以及满足步行者对于街道空间的多样性需求。街道服务职能覆盖度越高、服务职能丰富度越高，则代表步行空间便利性越高，街道可步行性越强。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">舒适性原则</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：是指城市街道空间能为步行者提供舒适的步行体验和愉悦的视觉感知。依据街道中界面、铺地、植被等的景观构成要素，舒适性可再分为人工环境和自然环境两个测度方面。通常自然环境舒适性和人工环境舒适性越高，则街道步行环境的舒适性越高，可步行性越高。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">安全性原则</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：是街道可步行的最低保障，分为个体安全和交通安全两个主要方面，分别表征行人对于街道环境的安全感受，以及其他交通工具对步行的干扰程度。行人在街道空间中的安全感越高，则可步行性越强。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）测度体系指标选择</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内外大量学者分别从交通学、环境行为学及城市规划学等领域和城市空间及人本尺度等不同的视角，归纳出主客观两个维度中影响街道可步行性的核心因子。本文在上述四项原则的基础上，将其总结为8个二级指标和16个三级指标（表1）</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表1  街道可步行性测度指标体系</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.6315323294951284" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZqGfPic8HlxPnuhZ9SQxUKsibFDXhay899R075LBLcpe6NcXpl6uI2k1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1129" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">2.3  街道可步行性测度的对象界定及数据处理</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）对象界定</span></strong></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文主要研究对象为城市中的街道空间。依据上文所述，文本对于街道可步行性的研究不仅涉及步行网络的拓扑范畴，而且涉及街道本体的三维空间范畴，包含街道本体及其周边一定范围内的环境空间，故将街道空间定义为道路红线到建筑边界之间的空间。参考《上海市街道设计导则》及《南京市城市设计管理细则》中对于城市道路等级的划定，以及对于道路红线宽度和临街建筑退界的规定，<strong>本文将城市快速路、主干道、次干道、支路分别向两侧拓宽50m、50m、35m、29m的距离，作为街道覆盖范围及本文街道可步行性测度的基本研究单元。</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）数据处理</span></strong></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据建构的街道可步行性测度指标体系，本文首先通过爬虫程序（Python）采集基础矢量路网数据</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">【基础矢量路网数据是一款由网络大众共同打造的免费开源、可编辑的地图服务，与传统的营利性地图网站相比具有免费开源共享，更新速率快，高有效性和可靠性等诸多优点，适合作为提取路网数据的信息源】</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">、<strong>业态数据（POI）和反映行人尺度对于街道空间感知的百度街景数据，并在采集完成后进行了相应的数据清洗和分类。</strong>其中，对基础路网数据进行人工制图综合与拓扑处理，将路网简化为拓扑无误的道路中心线，并对属性进行赋值修改，共得到8720条有效路网数据。对所采集到的108万个业态点，进一步分为社会服务职能（25274个）、生产服务职能（86270个）、生活服务职能（438458个）以及工业制造职能（9961个）四个基本职能，并对无效数据进行了删选。对于百度街景数据，在完成数字化抓取后，通过基于125层的全卷积复杂神经网络模型</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">【全卷积复杂神经网络模型（fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation）在卷积神经网络的基础上采用反卷积层对最后一个卷积层的要素架构图进行上采样，使它恢复到输入图像相同的尺寸，从而对每个像素都产生一个预测，同时保留原始输入图像中的空间信息，最后在采样的特征图上进行逐像素分类】</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">和机器深度学习数据集，对街景中的植物、围墙、机动车、行人、基础设施、自行车、建筑、建筑风貌类型等在内的16类要素进行了智能的识别，并对指定内容所占图片面积比例进行分析，得到各个要素的面积比值、要素边界数量。进而借助ArcGIS平台，将带有地理坐标信息的识别结果投射到城市空间当中，从而对每一条街道的元素构成展开分析（图4）。</span><br  /></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.4780292942743009" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZSLtSu6Z6Y0FJVAXC6qTgzl8TMibibjGIOX5VvG30HicGKEKtILEGiaJENg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="751" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图4  百度街景数据和全卷积复杂神经网络模型的识别要素及结果</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">3  城市街道可步行性的分维特征——以南京市中心城区为例</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">南京作为一座古老而又现代的城市，其城市街道也经历了由步行到机动车通行，再回归人本步行的过程。目前，南京城市街道同样存在着大量的问题，比如机动车侵占步行道、部分区域街道景观品质低下等。因此，南京既是城市可步行性演变过程的一个案例，同时也是当下从人本尺度研究城市街道可步行性的典型样本。<strong>因此，本文选择南京市中心城区作为研究范围，对街道可步行性的分维特征进行分析。</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">3.1  通畅性特征</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">南京街道通畅性评价结果呈现出扇形圈层放射状的整体结构，</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">步行网络重心较城市建设强度重心和形态重心向东部出现偏移，这种形态特征是因为受到了长江这一自然因素在城市西侧的阻隔影响，测度数值也呈现出南高北低、内高外低的分布特征。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">进一步对南京中心城区步行网络结构和步行本体空间研究后发现，南京步行网络结构中充当重要连通作用的街道的可达性不足。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从行人对步行网络选择度的整体空间布局层面来看，在南京中心城区尺度上，高选择度路网形成以中山路为半径，沿南北两翼分别向东北和东南两个方向辐射的扇形圈层放射结构（图5a）。步行网络整合度呈现出与选择度类似的特征，其高值区域同样多集中在江南地区；河西地区的街道全局整合度相对平均且普遍不高，而江北地区街道全局整合度最低（图5b）。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.625" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZcouCAr8ztWZKWMZLiatkhmmyDZNZxqaNcLfcRAb6Qyv6jLbZias2HVBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="752" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图5  南京街道网络选择度和整合度</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"></em></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通过对步行网络的选择度与整合度进行拟合度分析，发现其拟合值为0.22（低于0.5），表明两者之间的关联性较弱，网络选择度高的街道网络整合度普遍不足；适宜短距离出行的街道选择性少、通畅性低。南京城市新建设区域的路网密度过低、街区尺度过大、城市支路体系不够完善，导致在短距离步行活动半径范围内街道的网络选择度和整合度的高值均集中于街区的零星内部支路。这说明跨街区的短距离步行通畅性较低，城市外围街道网络通畅性较低。受到地形的影响，外围交叉口形态以T字形为主，路网密度较城市内部更大，导致通畅性降低。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在街道的步行空间本体空间特征方面，其通畅性与街道等级和城市中心体系布局有关：街道等级越高、越靠近城市中心，街道的相对步行宽度越大；越靠近城市边缘，步行连续度越低，越容易出现步行断裂点。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如图6a所示，南京中心城区内的步行断裂点主要集中在主城区边缘区以及行政区块交界处，通常临近自然山水要素而出现，包括紫金山东麓、柳塘立交、将军山南麓、方山周边、秦淮河入江口等地区。同时，主城区步行道宽度波动较为明显，老城区东侧和南侧出现了明显的波动剧烈的城市街道。与街道等级的耦合分析得出，南京中心城区内的道路等级（主干道、次干道、支路）越高，步行空间的连续度越高；反之，步行连续度越低。而相对步行宽度分析则在整体空间格局方面形成了一轴两带两片高值区域的格局：两轴是以老城中华路为轴，串联中华门和玄武湖；两带分别为幕府山滨水带和江北滨水带；两片分别为由河西新区形成的棋盘状步行区和江苏路周边的小尺度片区（图6b）。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.6276595744680851" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZe2SB6w8SJfIhmm5a3Cr041xb3icmJ98VlE2nzlMxtiaPdHSp6msazS9w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="752" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图6  南京街道步行空间本体空间特征</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"></em></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">3.2  便利性特征</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">南京街道服务便利性评价结果呈现出中心多核连绵、外围点状分散的整体结构，</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这种形态特征说明街道服务便利度受到南京城市单中心体系布局的影响作用明显，多在老城区域出现评价高值，整体结构展开度不足，测度数值也呈现出大聚小散的空间分布特征。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道服务覆盖度受路网密度和中心体系布局的影响较为明显：南京街道POI密度及可达性在老城区域范围内数值较高；越趋向于城市外围，POI密度和可达性的评价数值越趋向于降低。</span></strong><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在南京中心城区尺度内的街道职能密度分布呈现出</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(166, 53, 30);font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>“强核集聚，外围散点，圈层衰退”</strong></span><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的总体分布特征。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其中老城区以内所有街道的职能密度都处于持续高值；而老城区范围以外，主城区以内范围内的城市街道职能密度随与城市中心距离增加而向外衰减（图7a）。同时，南京中心城区内街道服务丰富度受道路等级和街道周边用地属性影响较为明显，道路等级越高，周边用地性质公共性越高，街道POI齐全度和多样性评价数值越高。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.4173989455184534" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZoX6GqibqkjlBMIaibQwGktlLcPf92Zh24OTeYtFteFCBB8ddXMATuGEw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1138" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图7  南京街道便利性特征</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"></em></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对比发现，南京中心城区范围内街道的POI齐全度整体呈现出中心高值、外围高值指状延伸放射的整体格局。街道POI齐全度相对高的区域较为吻合城市中心体系的布局</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（图7b）。同时，对街道覆盖范围内的职能点进行辛普森指数的计算发现，南京中心城区北部街道POI多样性普遍高于南部，老城区明显高于新区（图7c）。与POI密度高值的局部密集网络状分布不同，POI多样性的高值空间主要呈现出单街段落状分布，说明南京已经形成了功能复合性很高的路段，但是功能复合多样的街区网络尚未形成，存在着专业型一条街模式和复合型街道模式并存的局面。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据POI种类及种类间业态吸引力的不同，不同类型的POI在街道空间分布的聚散具有不同的倾向性</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：金融保险职能、文化艺术职能、教育科研职能、餐饮服务职能、专业市场职能易形成“一条街”服务形式，商务办公职能、零售服务职能、娱乐康体职能、其他生活服务、制造加工职能则趋向于在街道中混合布置。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">3.3  舒适性特征</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">南京街道舒适性评价结果的空间分布特征因自然环境和人工环境的测度指标的差异呈现出两种特性。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>街道自然环境舒适度</strong>受城市山水要素和建筑环境影响较为明显，呈现出内低外高的空心化整体结构。整体绿视率分布呈现出空心化的分布特征，即城市中心区周边街道的绿视率低，而城市边缘地区街道绿视率高的现象，街道距离山水要素越近，街道绿视率评价数值越高（图8a）。另外，交通要素（如高铁站、快速路）及人工建成环境挤压自然要素生存空间等原因也会对绿视率构成一定的影响。同时，街道天空开敞度也呈现出由内向外的圈层式递增分布态势以及内低外高的空心化特征（图8b）。街道周边建筑高度越高，容积率越高，街道天空开敞度评价数值越低。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.6336898395721925" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZw6dzILtQafdRtAicYVCt5Vu9wk4cjPtf5bkTibTuRxVt7D8dibOc2UtRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="748" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图8  南京街道舒适性特征</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"></em></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道人工环境舒适性评价则呈现出内部核心与孔洞连绵、外部指状延伸的空间分布特征，</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这种差异性形态特征说明城市外部的自然环境品质普遍高于城市核心地区，而城市人工环境品质受外部山水楔入和内部风貌断裂的负面影响较为明显。街道人工环境舒适性受中心体系布局、业态职能分布和建筑空间品质影响也较为明显：距离城市中心越近，街道POI业态密度越高、建筑容积率越高、街道界面复杂度越高、街道界面通透度（泛指非实体围墙界面的占比程度）越高。除此之外，街道界面透明度受大单位因素影响也较为明显：靠近大单位的城市街道界面因为围墙要素的像素占比增加，界面透明度有所降低，街道步行的舒适度进而受到影响。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，从步行者实际街道体验角度来看，在满足基本景观及街道界面舒适度的基础上，街道界面的丰富度同样对步行者的步行感受有着一定的影响，街道界面复杂度或丰富度越高，则街道拥有越丰富的界面要素，能够为步行者提供新奇的视觉体验；对于个别界面丰富度较低的街道，如果保持其界面整洁同样也会给步行者带来较为纯净的视觉享受。因此，在实际中需要尽可能的避免街道界面复杂度的明显波动。胡乱无序，杂乱无章的街道界面形式可能隐含了街道界面破碎、连续性不高的问题。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">3.4  安全性特征</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在街道安全性方面，评价结果呈现出内部高值震荡、外围环状割裂的空间分布特征，测度数值在整体上呈现出内高外低的分布特征。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这种空间特征说明城市内部风貌破碎和外围的切割性要素不仅影响人工环境品质，而且对空间安全感也产生了破坏，进一步降低了街道的步行安全性。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道周边建筑所形成的环境氛围对步行者的心理安全感有着极其重要的影响。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街道环境安全度受城市区位分布影响较大，一般位于城市中心区中的阴影区（空间及景观品质较低的城市区域）和城市边缘区的街道，街道周边环境安全度测度结果普遍较低。另外，街道监视度（公共街道中的行为可被他人观察到的程度）受中心体系布局及POI密度空间分布影响较大，一般越临近城市中心区或POI密度较高的区域，街道受行人的监视程度越高，街道监视度测度结果越高。南京中心城区街道的行人分布呈现出与POI密度分布特征相吻合的南北向带状分布结构（图9a）。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.41878841088674273" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZicWV7uCwND4oRmJdjumwFX8tOicicoicicc3FicXINBKsEkBapdSJtP0vyYw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1139" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图9  南京街道安全性特征</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"></em></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另一方面，城市街道中的其他交通方式也会对街道的步行安全性造成不同程度的影响。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在机动车快速增长、共享单车突然爆发的情况下，城市的步行空间正在被不断的侵占。而随着步行空间的压缩，步行行为也开始在机动车、非机动车道中出现，进而加剧了其他交通方式对街道可步行性的干扰。从空间分布来看，在南京中心城区尺度下，城市街道中的机动交通呈现出全局高低错落的特征。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为了进一步分析机动车像素占比与街道交通通畅度之间的关系，本文将街景点中的机动车所占像素作为权重，对含有机动车要素的像素点进行核密度分析，观察机动车要素在城市空间中的整体分布情况。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结果表明，街道连结度高的区域能够增加机动车的通过几率，从而提升了街道的整体交通流量；而街道整合度低的区域因可达性低，从而增加了出现交通堵塞的几率（图9b）。同时，通过步行设施数量与街道等级的耦合对比也发现，两者之间出现较为明显的正相关性，并在南京中心城区空间中呈现单轴鱼骨状的分布特征（图9c）。由此推断，道路等级越高，往往步行交通设施齐全度更高，而主城区中的密集支路网普遍缺少必要的步行设施。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">综上所述，不同维度的街道步行性测度结果在整体空间中的分布存在着不同的特征。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对这些空间形态特征的总结分析可以对南京中心城区街道可步行性的特性、特征分布及存在问题进行整体层面上的认知，并对提升街道可步行性进行基础信息和理论的储备。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">4  街道可步行性的影响机制及提升策略</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">4.1  城市街道可步行性影响机制分析</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通过前文相关性研究可以发现，<strong>城市街道步行性三级指标的测度结果往往受到某个或多个因素的影响，同时单一指标测度结果的波动又因指标之间的关系产生关联性影响。</strong>因此，本文将城市街道可步行性的影响机制分为影响域和关联域两个部分：外部影响因素作为影响域的组成部分可归纳为两个影响层级；指标间的相关关系作为关联域的组成部分可将测度结果归纳为三个导向（图10）。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="rich_pages" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;height: auto !important;zoom: 0.8;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.7496598639455783" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkQDXApNicTaI6XiaPelhaCktZFGGsqZumOMoT8XHo5IC2AIpUCF8ra9S4na0zQvDx0iacL0YIAc9HnIg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="735" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图10  街道可步行影响因素层级及模式分类</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中心体系布局、路网体系布局、山水骨架布局三个主要因素作为城市空间形态的重要组成部分处于影响机制的第一层级。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市中心体系的布局会影响城市中心区覆盖范围内的整体POI密度、街区建设强度以及道路密度，并且使得街区尺度较城市其他地区更小，另外还会导致区域内的用地属性更加混合。路网体系的固有属性会对城市街道的路网密度、街区尺度、道路等级和路网交叉口形态产生不同的影响。山水骨架布局差异则会对城市的绿地率、天空可视域结构布局和街区尺度、交叉口形态产生影响。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作为影响机制的第二层级，整体POI密度、街区建设强度、街区尺度、道路密度、交叉口形态、绿地率等二级因素受到来自多个一级因素的影响，并进而影响可步行性的测度指标。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">整体POI密度的提升会对街道POI密度带来积极影响；道路密度的提升会提升街道POI可达性、街道网络整合度和选择度的评价结果；街区尺度的减低同样会提升街道POI可达性、街道网络整合度和选择度的评价结果；道路等级的提升会提高街道相对宽度、步行设施齐全度、步行连续度的评价结果；绿地率的提升会导致街道绿视率和街道天空开敞度的提升；街区建设强度的提升会对街道界面复杂度和界面透明度产生积极影响，而对街道的绿视率则会产生消极影响。</span></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在影响域的两级外部因素交叉作用下，综合相关域的自相关作用，南京街道可步行性的16项指标测度的评价结果包含三种主要导向。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>通勤导向型街道</strong>。城市中此类街道密度较大，道路等级较高，道路距离山水等自然景观要素相对较远，相应的街道功能属性更加偏向于以通勤为主。这些街道可步行性测度指标中的步行网络通畅度、步行本体通畅度、步行交通安全度均较高，同时三者与其他指标之间相关性较弱，不会受到来自其他测度指标的影响，通常测度结果会形成较为独立的板块。因此，这种类型的街道具有更高的可达性和较强的通行能力，更适合服务于步行者的日常通勤。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>景观导向型街道</strong>。城市中此类街道的街区建设强度较低，公共绿地分布较多，距离山水等自然景观要素相对较近，街道可步行性测度的自然环境舒适度较高，同时测度指标本身又与街道人工环境舒适度和街道服务便利度呈较强的负相关关系，在测度结果中也会形成一种独立的板块。因此，这种类型的街道具有较为优质的自然环境和较为幽静的空间氛围，适宜步行者在其中进行休闲运动类的活动。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）<strong>生活导向型街道</strong>。城市中的此类街道主要为增加行人日常生活所需要的功能。因此POI职能密度、街区建设强度、道路密度等二级因素的增加使得此类街道的街道人工环境舒适度、街道服务覆盖度、街道服务丰富度和步行个体安全度四个方面得到提升，同时四者之间本身也具有较强的正相关性，往往会随着外部指标的变化同频率波动，测度结果会形成较为统一的独立板块。这种类型的街道具有较强的服务能力，较高的人群活力和优质的人工环境，适宜步行者在其中进行购物消遣类的活动。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);">4.2  城市街道可步行性提升策略</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">提升街道可步行性需要针对不同导向和类型的街道进行精准的诊断，进而根据不同导向型街道的实际问题提出可步行性的优化策略。根据上文对街道影响机制的分析结论，本文针对上述研究结果中的三种不同导向的街道类型所具有的问题提出相适应的可步行提升建议。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>通勤导向型</strong>：通常位于城市老城区阴影区（即城市中功能分布及风貌相对衰败的区域），和新城边缘区，受区位影响，城市的各类服务型业态难以覆盖，导致街道服务性不足；同时阴影区和边缘区中城市风貌和道路尺度等方面的问题导致环境舒适度不足。需要对街道风貌进行整治，并通过交通分流的方式减少流量过多或过低带来的安全性问题。因此，应打通街道交通，加速空间环境整治，调整业态，提升街道网络通畅度。同时，适当降低街道宽度不足处商业，保障步行空间本体的通过能力。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>景观导向型</strong>：通常位于城市外围临近山水资源的区域，自然资源的优势为其带来了美丽的景观环境，但往往也会令其遭遇人气不足的问题。需要针对性地增加沿街POI数量以提升该类型街道周边的业态活力，继续加强沿街植物的种植和维护，增加沿街的公共性质用地，隔离快速交通的影响，降低其他交通方式对于步行行为的干扰；还应加强其与城市中心的快速交通联系，提升街道的活力。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）<strong>生活导向型</strong>：通常位于老城区中人口相对集聚的地区，空间环境较为拥挤，且建筑风貌相对落后，导致街道步行宽度较低，环境安全感不高。可以通过增加建筑退界距离，适当拓宽人行道面积，增加沿街的小广场节点来有效提高步行空间本体的通畅性；提升及完善业态类型并进行建筑沿街立面整治能够提升街道界面的环境安全感，提升街道的可步行性，并增加步行体验的舒适度。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">5  结语</strong></span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文从以人为本的视角对当下城市步行尺度破坏、街道步行空间品质下降、城市步行活动减少等问题展开研究，从人的基本需求出发构建测度体系，测度业态、环境、心理等因素对街道可步行性的作用机制。在分析街道三维空间特征的基础上，选择百度街景数据等大数据类型充分模拟人对步行环境的直观感受，对城市街道空间和可步行性有了更全面透彻的理解。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，本文对街道可步行性的研究从中微观层面的城市街道空间上升至宏观层面的整体城市内的所有街道，充分利用多源大数据的巨量规模和高精度优势，将原本狭义的街道可步行性的研究拓展至广义上的城市街道可步行性研究，从城市空间发展的视角，研究城市的功能分区、空间形态、中心体系、步行网络等要素对整个城市中各条街道可步行性的综合影响。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同时，通过网络应用程序界面接口采集了路网矢量大数据、POI业态大数据和百度街景照片大数据，共同组成多源大数据的分析平台。相较于单一维度大数据的分析，基于多源数据的街道步行性研究角度更加直接，分析维度更加全面，测度精度更加细致。并在多源大数据的基础上将人工智能的机器学习算法引入城市街道研究，利用卷积神经网络训练计算机对街景照片进行批量分析，直观定量地分析城市街道步行空间的环境特征，是城市显性大数据、人工智能算法与城市街道研究三者相结合的有益尝试。</span></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者信息</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">杨俊宴</strong>，博士，东南大学建筑学院，教授。yjy-2@163.com</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">吴浩</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">，硕士，中国城市规划设计研究院上海分院</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">郑屹</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">，东南大学建筑学院，博士研究生</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.43px;clear: both;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;word-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;orphans: 2;widows: 2;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;text-align: justify;color: 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