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<section style="display: none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 3px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者</strong>：张晓东、荣毅龙、赵赫、叶雅飞、鞠秋雯</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(233, 252, 253);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 216, 232);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(88, 88, 88);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2020年3月31日，习近平总书记在杭州城市大脑运营指挥中心考察时指出：通过大数据、云计算、人工智能等手段推进城市治理现代化，大城市也可以变得更“聪明”。从信息化到智能化再到智慧化，是建设智慧城市的必由之路，前景广阔。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，以互联网、大数据、人工智能为代表的新一代信息技术蓬勃发展，给经济发展、社会进步、人民生活带来重大而深远的影响，给人的生产、生活方式和空间的组织及功能形态带来巨大变革，给城市规划和城市治理带来新的挑战。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们要更加敏锐地感知数字化、智能化和智慧化即将带来的发展机遇，更加积极主动地探索新兴技术对城市规划建设和城市治理的影响，更加开放包容地创新城市规划建设和城市治理的新路径和新模式，凝聚共识，拥抱智慧社会的到来，创造更加美好的城市。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 7px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px -15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px;border-width: 0px;z-index: 1;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(199, 227, 239) 0%, rgb(190, 230, 232) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(96, 177, 205);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(192, 228, 240);padding: 2px 10px 2px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">奇点临近，智慧社会</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人类文明从原始社会、农业社会、工业社会、信息社会发展而来，正在向智慧社会不断前进。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）人类文明的发展正在临近新的奇点：智慧社会已来</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人类历史发生过多次奇点临近的事件，如蒸汽革命、电气革命、信息革命。随着物联网、云计算、人工智能等新技术的发展，智慧城市建设如火如荼，影响着城市生活的各个方面，包括民生、环保、交通、医疗、教育、公共安全以及城市服务等，智慧社会的奇点正在到来。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5740741" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2awDjEBSEwGmkmeW7TndkHvYEibvAiaxqKZfZibibzUCF1v0wx87y3wSKFEw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 技术和社会发展的奇点临近阶段示意图</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：刘泉，2019）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）第六次康德拉季耶夫长波周期显示：智慧城市已来</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年7月，伦敦大学学院Michael Batty教授在第15届城市规划和城市管理中计算机应用国际会议上发表“The Sixth Kondratieff is the Age of the Smart City”的主题报告。报告回顾了技术革命与经济周期的关系研究，在城市规划学者Peter Hall教授关于技术发展对城市和区域影响研究的基础上，<strong>提出了智慧城市是第六次康德拉季耶夫长波的观点</strong>（康德拉季耶夫长波大约50年一个周期）。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4994499" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2ao1aDtZvd7c5kw7Y56Ub3BJpxvLph8ey3dBT6ibJxI73OQ9zzwWrHpvQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" data-type="jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" data-w="909" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 康德拉季耶夫长波周期图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：Batty, M. 2016）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）当前正处于社会技术创新的爆发期</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会技术从历史到未来的变革，需要当前自下而上的小规模关系网络自发形成聚合动力，再通过自上而下的顶层发展，主动改革传统制度，才能够带来社会技术进步的“机会之窗”，通过建立新的社会技术制度来影响发展格局，才有可能穿过“奇点”，进入新的“康德拉季耶夫长波周期”。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.437037" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2an63yWwmJSoibS3HibL7FJicWYTxNygHl4YoCNibpYgzpCzrnIGTRpUmD4w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3 社会技术创新的多维度路径示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：Frank W. 2007）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 7px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px -15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px;border-width: 0px;z-index: 1;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(199, 227, 239) 0%, rgb(190, 230, 232) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(96, 177, 205);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(192, 228, 240);padding: 2px 10px 2px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">智慧社会需要智慧城市，智慧城市需要新型基础设施</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）智慧城市是智慧社会与空间融合联动的结果</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">智慧社会的经济社会活动场景，核心是为人服务，人与空间又不可分割。同时，智慧社会需要的数字化、智能化、智慧化能力和设施也需要空间来支撑和保障。智慧城市的内涵是以物联网、大数据、人工智能等新技术为基础，实现城市中人与空间的感知，引导人的行为，并对城市空间资源进行合理化智能化配置，提供均衡高效的智慧生产生活服务，促进城市的可持续发展。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0035398" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2anPicu9QvggAicF8HKib5X5ic32PC7zqp9mX3mxzY2hPwvcVMCfKfNAPuibg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="565" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4 智慧社会与智慧城市逻辑关系示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：刘泉，2019）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，智慧城市已经从以<strong>新技术创新试点和新场景项目示范发展阶段，向长远系统谋划和整体基础支撑发展阶段转变</strong>。迫切地需要实现传统城市与智慧城市规划建设融合联动，局部地区、个别领域的智慧城市项目与全空间、各领域智慧城市规划建设统筹协同。智慧社会应用场景与智慧城市空间协调统一，是面向未来的现代化经济体系构建和实现高质量发展的必然要求。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）智慧城市规划是国土空间规划体系的重要组成</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新版北京总体规划和各区分区规划已经为智慧城市规划建设明确了发展方向和规划策略。智慧城市规划建设包括智慧城市基础设施、智慧城市管理平台和智慧城市应用场景三个部分。总的来讲，智慧城市规划建设要聚焦数字经济、智慧社会、智慧政府等新方向，统筹生产、生活、生态空间，健全规划、建设、管理法规，不断提升城市发展质量、人居环境质量、人民生活品质和城市竞争力，更高标准实现城市可持续发展，更高水平建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5648148" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2aoTicnTPiacW4I3KDbewdr8ZB0WFzUoUOa7Y2NbrjTg8y4vWsFR3ULkgw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5 智慧城市规划建设概念图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：笔者自绘）</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.017341" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2aCQswtXbZFFpKtyUmezx13qLibHKxqDChAktP1p3icCBJB7clhDq2BtRw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="865" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6 北京总体规划智慧城市方面词云示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：笔者自绘）</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0173053" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2apTdJHHY24EI7asE2kTCyqoaOzOdp2nC6dPmIYbBZDFyAJn9akssPMQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="809" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图7 北京市分区规划智慧城市方面词云示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：笔者自绘）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）新型基础设施是推进智慧城市规划建设的关键</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">北京市要适度超前规划建设<strong>“三网一平台多节点”的新型基础设施</strong>，按照“系统谋划、共建共享、服务为本、创新驱动”的原则，科学把握规模、速度、标准，推进以新一代网络基础设施为主的<strong>“新通信网络”</strong>信息基础设施建设，以创新能源互联网设施为主的<strong>“新电力网络”</strong>融合基础设施建设，以智能化感知服务设施为主的<strong>“新感知网络”</strong>创新基础设施建设，以新技术和算力基础设施为主的<strong>“新平台和多节点设施”</strong>创新基础设施建设，推动北京新型基础设施建设规模和创新能级迈向国际一流水平。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5092593" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2aqhm0cOOxsLp982kNb0YXicF3msX0qiaibC1Gc7XfpyFia4WpvJLTvso2MA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图8 海淀区智慧城市基础设施规划建设体系框架示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：笔者自绘）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 7px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px -15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px;border-width: 0px;z-index: 1;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(199, 227, 239) 0%, rgb(190, 230, 232) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(96, 177, 205);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(192, 228, 240);padding: 2px 10px 2px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px -1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px 1px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) -1px 0px, rgba(66, 164, 199, 0.86) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">加强战略性谋划和规律性思考，敢于改革创新政策机制</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，智慧城市规划建设仍面临很多现实性问题，传统城市规划建设与智慧城市融合联动仍然面临诸多政策瓶颈。在统筹规划方面，以道路建设工程为例，按照“一杆一箱一井一廊”新型基础设施建设模式，整合5G、雪亮工程、照明、充电桩等传统和新型基础设施需求，可以实现综合成本效益最优。但是，由于面临投资渠道分散、建设进度错位、运维管理多元等诸多政策瓶颈，导致统筹实施难度大，落地困难；在协同发展方面，往往关注局部地区、个别领域的智慧场景应用投入，而对支撑未来智慧城市的整体性、系统性工作关注不够。比如，对支撑保障全时空、全要素智慧应用服务的<strong> “新电力网络”</strong>前瞻性研究储备不足（近期电力部门开始尝试在中关村科学城北区搭建两组“柔性双螺旋”网架结构，可实现供电可靠性达到99.99995%，研究论证适应智慧社会需要的能源互联网保障可行性方案）。在服务质量方面，交互感知人的行为活动的智慧建筑、智慧社区、智慧街区等空间统筹规划建设路径不清晰，导致城市实体空间智慧化水平不高，建设项目开发建设仍然采用传统模式，导致智慧社会应用场景与城市空间之间脱节错位现象进一步加剧。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了破解上述问题，面向智慧社会发展需要，需要积极稳妥地改变传统城市规划建设路径和模式，针对智慧城市规划建设提出以下建议：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）建立智慧城市规划与国土空间规划体系协同机制</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以总体规划为统领，以智慧社会为方向，按照“多规合一”的规划实施管控逻辑，做好各级各类智慧城市规划与国土空间规划体系协同，实现目标吻合、指标统合、底图叠合、政策整合，实现智慧城市规划在总体要求上方向一致，在空间配置上相互协调，在时序安排上科学有序。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6259259" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNiaib1bSB0Dnv6xfbBzQvL2aicW5SDQWxxBUINhicic4ztlRqS5RAcNMQat9VWFJvCiaeycBk7qCt4lehw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图9 智慧城市规划各级各类体系示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：笔者自绘）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）建立智慧城市全生命周期规划建设和运营管理政策机制</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建立覆盖规划、设计、建设、运营、维护、更新等各环节的智慧城市全生命周期发展模式。在北京有条件的地区开展规划建设试点，加快推进一批具有跨领域融合特征、体现智慧绿色可持续等发展方向的的示范工程，加快实现政策机制的改革创新。比如，可以结合东坝北西区城市“微中心”规划建设，开展国家级新型智慧城市先导区建设，围绕智慧出行、可持续、公共空间三大策略，智慧建筑、智慧社区、智慧街区三大场景，统一规划建设新型基础设施建设，统筹开发建设智慧城市运营平台，统分结合建设智慧街区规划用地，率先建设全球领先的智慧街区、创新街区、可持续街区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）建立智慧城市基础设施统一规划建设机制</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统筹地上地下智慧基础设施建设，实现“新通信网络、新电力网络、新感知网络”三网融合。一是，统一规划建设智慧综合杆，按照“一杆一箱一井一线”的原则，对摄像头、信号灯、5G基站、感知设施等各类设备进行多杆合一、多箱并集以及手孔、管线的集约共享设计；二是，统筹规划建设综合管廊建设，实现配电、通信、给水、中水、污水、燃气、热力等各类管线入廊，并具备数据实时监测感知功能。比如，可以统筹中关村科学城北区与未来科学城新型基础设施规划建设，围绕科技和产业发展需要，超前布局新型基础设施，建立重大工程项目储备库，探索智慧城市基础设施统一规划建设机制。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 7px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 6px;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(190, 230, 232) 0%, rgb(199, 227, 239) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(96, 177, 205) 1px -1px, rgb(96, 177, 205) 1px 1px, rgb(96, 177, 205) -1px 1px, rgb(96, 177, 205) -1px -1px, rgb(96, 177, 205) 1px 0px, rgb(96, 177, 205) 0px 1px, rgb(96, 177, 205) -1px 0px, rgb(96, 177, 205) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结束语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《韩非子·五蠹》提到“世异则事异，事异则备变。是以圣人不期修古，不法常可，论世之事，因为之备”。智慧社会发展和智慧城市规划建设，不能期望完全遵循现有政策机制来实现，必然面临政策机制的改革创新。我们必须要加强战略性谋划和规律性思考，敢于改革创新政策机制，推动北京建设成为全球智慧城市的领先者，超大城市可持续发展的典范。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 216, 232);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 75%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 216, 232);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(11deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3087432" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4uHesN3OFsov8EEPNib1G9AfPLmG5nvBGe1jtGwPr9U2QM0HFaE8sWtKI9c2xzibed3eSLTBaBCXhSR3CPMy4yiag/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="366" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 216, 232);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 75%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 216, 232);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(14, 150, 172);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考资料及文献：</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">《BBC世界史》</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">《人类简史-从动物到上帝》;</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">刘泉. 奇点临近与智慧城市对现代主义规划的挑战[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2019(5)：42-50.</em></p></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Frank W. Geels,Johan Schot. Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways[J]. Research Policy,2007,36(3).</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">http://www.beijing.gov.cn/gongkai/guihua/wngh/cqgh/201907/t20190701_100008.html</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">http://www.beijing.gov.cn/gongkai/jihua/zfgzbg/202001/t20200119_1838388.html</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-04/29/content_5507396.htm</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/xwfb/202004/t20200420_1226031.html</em></p></section></section>
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