国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4142661" data-w="729" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyyZBP6e2AicyznMRaDcl7SLnVZ6kb264PQZEYFt6D8KsAqEZKd0pA1Bw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 31分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 124, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">|5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月19日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy3ZE5ibDpF7KP19kZha8HYTNY29Hz7WQXmQ3TPqGTicSZXWvFUMxFxxRg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.7074074074074074" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ibibocSdNHQ43S5YicUaQyvW4LvH5M0iaV5QRkEuH7xQFwxWWBmjYzvcmxFFDwUo6hVCnCnvqLZrubGPk1ZUicGUoPA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ezAHicuos15mDWZcqtnUTDxic7VibGtG5DkgtGRRUD95nia1lrvCjn96NQefxVA7Zq4yBSiag24YMF8reUlTYicS8xQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 30px;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sUlzkh8mwTIkz9cWLiaktRkicdZJ59wEdtwvdgHTO82w2K3NVVUvYeIRbt5t4cubLuNYoGKs1fMxQMSh9Xf0kc9w/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 50% -1.30435%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 92.1671%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78) rgb(225, 63, 78) rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 3px 0px 0px 3px;flex: 30 30 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;margin: -15px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(241, 233, 230);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -0.8px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 2px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 3px 1px, rgb(149, 50, 45) 0px 5px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 30 30 0%;border-width: 1px 1px 0px 0px;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 3px 3px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 3px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right-style: solid;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyRSFRjrYnBe87BFuJFNBYqTb1kzyU2aBlibeq6c3Qp2ic3Fw187s8kcicg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="265"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyTOpibhsddSasaNDGSa8ExiczsNPHNm0KkNXYjicNg1Lh4GPeGppv2E29A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy2t1XAomKHekaxLWAR6GybbCjia8nNn1A2Jcm3tZJGTloSyyVOYXjeoQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="265"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyiavSSK8CMVvaoEuuDibYxKccI2Z2ZycjeM6rl6arlpWjL7zm8QlM1Zvw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="265"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyiagVJ5icr2oGicU4vLB10iajaniaGZWlBr0iah29q8eicJdGSa0Fev4FqUaWA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyym9ibAuws1SjCvzMKiag3qKXDqpq228dIJViaS9qKwNJ2MZr0BaEMoYQYA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy6tibcbXibFlIQmwo55fHLLKaCY6G4UIJX8a6hN3MVkbiaxSHen5DzCTZQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.9851301115241635" data-w="269"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyydicmxpvJP3nTtpSh4IFHd0Op77RsErticsC5t8k1TTlvG4IsZ9XpQOLQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyFfnQ6hiaC9BJDwnN7b2ibPrOJLVGqjvNwYXic1Q6ZTrBaC9r8YTOOYbsA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyPHp3kI2dewSh55zKtrYWeP34ib6icmcib6ZPustkVaqicUgQpyxQku92eQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/</strong></span>经合组织国际交通论坛</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ </strong></span>徐珵、顾宇忻、刘艺玺、张乐怡</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">林中朴、旦增衮布、刘志广</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">朱雪莹、高广达、张书婧</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/</span></strong> 众山小  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">校核/</span></strong> 徐珵<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ </span></strong>臧晓琳   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">排版/ </span></strong>赵健婷</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 | weibo.com/</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotateX(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);padding: 3px 3px 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nSDVkWzNXVoD31QPZ55UUB69MOib4LPq7vEHz2Eq2XBUp531mCRiaZiaUzP0eibjeppHPuOymx2vmJVAsVtpZEibEDw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 25.8037% -43.1473%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 29.7866%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0px -1.85em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 2.3em;background-color: rgb(255, 179, 179);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 2.3em !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享化的趋势下，对于城市未来交通发展的影响几何？共享出行服务的普及是否能切实改善城市拥堵、环境污染等课题？本文中，国际交通论坛（ITF）借助其多次论证的区域交通特征研究模型，通过数据采集、调查研究、焦点小组等多种形式在里昂都市区（LMR）进行仿真模拟，并深入探索了不同场景下，共享出行模式替代传统出行方式的可能性和可行性，为未来城市共享出行服务提供发展依据。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px inset;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文为OECD的国际交通论坛（ITF）于2020年发布的第4篇以城市为基础的共享出行仿真模拟报告。<span style="color: rgb(0, 162, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0XCVaw62oB2znzBxXguXkWXicffZNoW7zj7jvwic43fFgp94FbGMiaqlbGbLr0scyoC85mj63sTbqa67vpPHdGztA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 3.39425%;background-attachment: scroll;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 50%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(141, 113, 229);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">执行摘要</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们做了什么<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本报告探讨了新的共享服务将如何改变里昂的通达性。通过模拟五种不同的场景，分析在里昂都市圈内通过不同的共享出行选项取代私家车的可行性。这些场景模拟提供了关于共享出行方式如何减少拥堵、降低交通带来的温室气体(CO2)排放和解放公共空间的新见解，同时也将服务质量、成本和服务可获得性纳入考量。此外，该报告还研究了共享出行服务与大众公共交通的相互作用，以及转型的最佳运营条件。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在本研究中，共享出行指的是在用户之间共享最优的按需出行服务。该报告是一系列关于不同城市和大都市环境下共享出行研究的一部分。这是国际交通论坛(ITF)的第一份关于共享出行的报告，该报告还探讨了如何通过拼车服务来部署共享服务的问题。ITF之前的研究已经表明，共享出行有潜力为市民提供灵活和舒适的交通模式，同时减少拥堵和二氧化碳排放量。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们发现了什么</strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">里昂市区目前的交通需求几乎可以完全通过共享交通和现有的公共交通系统来满足，因此私家车将减少至5%，而部分私家车出行将使用拼车服务来替代。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">如果将拼车作为一种额外的共享出行模式引入，能将车辆数量减少87%，由于部分家庭仍将保留他们的私家车。即便如此，总里程、二氧化碳排放量和交通拥堵仍将分别减少54%、50%和48%。如果只有20%的私家车出行被共享模式所取代——根据公开的偏好调查，这是一个合理的设想——车辆行驶里程将下降11%，二氧化碳排放量将下降12%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">引入共享交通将有助于优化现有公交和轨道网络的使用，包括铁路、地铁和轻轨 (轻轨)。里昂市区的公共交通网络广泛而多样。以轨道为基础的解决方案在市中心提供了与郊区的有效联系，而核心公交网络覆盖了很大一部分公交需求。如果这个城市用定制公交系统（a taxi-bus system）取代未充分利用和效率低下的公交线路，将成为公共交通的补充，私家车的使用量将减少20%，二氧化碳排放量将减少12%，交通拥堵将减少16%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">本研究的一项调查发现，大多数市民愿意使用共享模式直接出行或使用高容量的公共交通。大多数现有的公共交通用户愿意为这项新服务支付更高的票价，大多数私家车使用者希望通过共享把费用成本降低。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们的建议<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 将共享出行服务整合到里昂城市区域交通系统中</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享按需出行服务可以通过减少二氧化碳排放、拥堵和停车位需求，为里昂都市地区带来显著的好处。共享交通还将使公民获得更好的机会，并使目前缺乏公共交通的地区居民获得更公平的机会。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 创建试点项目和提升公众参与，以实现服务规模</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制定试点方案和有针对性的公共宣传活动可以吸引潜在用户，并有助于避免和克服用户的抵制情绪。试点可以连同新的出行服务消费者测试计划，包括拼车等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 共享出行服务的效率应该得到提高</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当更大比例的私家车用户转向新的共享模式时，二氧化碳排放和交通拥堵将会减少更多。车辆占用率高是以用户负担得起的费用产生有效范围覆盖的关键。决策者在选择要部署的车辆类型和每个共享出行模式的车队规模时，应该考虑到这一点。在低排放区，应预先安装足够的基础设施，以控制上下客停车的拥堵情况，促进交通流通，并提供安全方便的抵离方式以鼓励共享出行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 整合共享服务作为公共交通的补充，使定制公交（taxi-buses）成为公交网络的一部分</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新的共享交通服务如果能被有效整合，可以改善现有公共交通系统的整体服务水平。共享模式可为地铁、轻轨和铁路网提供接驳服务，增加客运量。它们可为特定的高容量地铁及轻轨车站提供接驳服务，而无须更改现有的基础设施。定制公交（taxi-buses）应该与传统公交系统的核心网络合作，而不是替代它们。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 确保交通基础设施能够适应不断增长的需求</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">只有支持共享出行的基础设施才是有效的。公交车站的上下站点必须充分支持乘客人数的增长。不同的公共交通模式可能需要额外的系统容量，以容纳不断增加的客运量。车站布局可能需要重新设计，以便为非机动模式的用户提供良好的通道，并适当地整合共享出行服务的特定需求。公私伙伴关系可以使基础设施的规划和发展以及服务达到可持续的目标。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">- 建立法律和监管框架，鼓励采用共享出行服务，以实现社会效益</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向共享出行服务的转变需要调整政策工具，如定价、监管和许可、特许、土地使用和基础设施设计，为新的共享出行服务提供一个稳定和可预测的市场，并最大限度地发挥潜在效益。引入共享出行服务将需要持续监控运作情况，以便在结果偏离目标时及时调整法规或政策。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(141, 113, 229);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">介绍</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当今时代的标志是技术分化的大爆发。共享经济(人们交换商品和服务)的增长是最明显的分化因素之一，它有可能彻底改变城市交通组织和运输方式。这一点，再加上无处不在的数字化，使得需求和供应能够有效匹配，导致了按需共享交通模式目前覆盖了城市地区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化的共享解决方案有潜力为市民提供比传统公共交通更灵活、更舒适的公共交通选择。它可以鼓励市民从私家车转向更可持续的解决方案，从而减少拥堵、社会不公平和交通事故，更有效地利用公共空间，并改善空气质量。本研究旨在探讨如何通过优化里昂都市地区(LMR)共享交通服务改变交通的可达性，同时促进公共交通一体化，并保留非机动模式。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，里昂都市区（LMR）的人口有所增长。越来越多的人往返于工作地点和教育场所(Lahi, 2019)。不断增长的人口和该地区的脱碳目标促使大里昂都市管理局制定了一个中期计划，在2030年之前减少温室气体(CO2)排放(Grand Lyon, 2017)。无论是通过改善基础设施和服务，还是通过促进更清洁、更积极的公共交通选择，交通运输都在该计划中扮演着重要角色。在未来几年，大里昂将继续改善和扩大公共交通系统的覆盖面和服务水平，以及自行车和行人基础设施。它还将采取需求管理措施，鼓励从私家车转向公共交通工具。然而，一些低密度地区尽管位于服务区域，单缺乏良好的公共交通覆盖，且公交服务的可靠性和公交发车频率往往不足以满足当前乘客的需求和吸引更多人流的可能(Sytral, 2017)。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">技术、社会趋势和商业模式的快速发展，给那些愿意鼓励从私家车转向共享模式的政府部门带来了挑战。为成功推广新模式需要开发一个监管环境，是一项挑战。然而，它可能是在需要频繁往来城市中心且主要依赖私家车的低密度社区中填补无障碍需求缺口的要素(Sytral, 2017)。本报告基于对新模式下各种出行场景的模拟，评估了共享服务对关键性能指标的影响。它的目的是协助当局设计未来的服务和章程，以确保它们有效地纳入公交运输系统。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 130px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 2px 0% 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jFDS6jRMDFZftmrJbcB96jzdjdZQsIXVibjiacyBjpEhvXGLmdWtgs1qT2lQesqwO8kia88eN9LsfvHqPpgicibicsNw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.03821656050955414" data-w="314"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 14px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/OibiczJsbNn3gvf5fDZ2K5GoOiaMy8UQdOfHBh5q0hpF1S6UQSjxv3Qtbibdluplncl7AzfcTp5vKReYMiaKMdxowww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.8627450980392157" data-w="51"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 130px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 2px 0% 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jFDS6jRMDFZftmrJbcB96jzdjdZQsIXVibjiacyBjpEhvXGLmdWtgs1qT2lQesqwO8kia88eN9LsfvHqPpgicibicsNw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.03821656050955414" data-w="314"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ITF共享出行模型模拟了一个假设的共享出行系统中的日常出行。ITF之前的企业合作委员会报告提到，通过利用里斯本市的数据连接分析新的共享城市出行解决方案的潜在影响(ITF, 2015, 2016, 2017c)。模拟的结果表明,大规模引进新的共享模式会导致大量车辆需求减少，降低排放和缓解交通拥堵同时提高可达性，帮助城市交通部门在实现其脱碳目标和有力促进可持续发展。这项工作在世界其他大都市地区进行了扩展和测试，包括：赫尔辛基(ITF, 2017b)，奥克兰(ITF, 2017a)和都柏林(ITF, 2018) <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 162, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2-4，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></strong>。这项工作显示了有趣的和可比较的影响，并说明了共享出行在不久的将来为城市带来的机遇和挑战。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用于评估共享出行影响的建模工具结合了定性和定量方法，其中包括微观仿真模型和明确的偏好调查，以识别潜在用户。提议中的共享服务包括共享出租车、定制公交和拼车。这三种模式可以完全或部分取代现有的机动化道路交通工具(汽车、摩托车、出租车和巴士)，成为铁路系统(铁路、地铁和轻轨交通)的支线。共享出租车和定制公交，这前两种服务是随需派遣、动态调度、车队运营，并集中在一个运算主体上运营。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享出租车由一辆4至6座的车辆提供门到门服务，车辆沿着实时优化的轨迹行驶，为乘客上下车提供最短路径。定制公交则提供从街角到街角的服务，需要提前30分钟预订，然后乘坐一辆8至16人的小巴，沿着动态调整的路线直达目的地。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这份报告还调查了第三种服务:拼车。通过共享出行工具包为司机组织拼车服务。该地区提供了必要的基础设施让拼车者按约定汇合。它指定了停车场，乘客可以在那里与车主见面。然后，乘客被送到离最终目的地不超过一公里的指定停车站点。该系统主要为通勤出行而设计，并在匹配失败时提供其他共享出行服务作为安全网。这种新模式被合并到出行即服务(Mobility as a Service, MaaS)的出行工具包中。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在模拟之前，里昂都市区（LMR）出行用户偏好对可选的共享模式与现有城郊出行交通选项进行了比较。这些数据是通过一项明确的偏好调查收集的。对数据的分析包括确定和量化新模式的最重要属性和影响模式选择的用户的社会人口统计特征。这使得能够识别新服务的潜在早期采用者。这些信息可以用来设计新的交通方式，更好地适应潜在用户的需求，增加实现所需的模式转换的可能性。它还有助于开展有针对性的宣传运动，使用户了解新的替代交通工具的好处。共享模式提供的服务的详细属性会根据报告的用户偏好进行调整(例如，最大等待时间、最大绕行时间等)。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该微仿真模型再现了城市交通网络中用户与共享出行模式之间的交互和日常出行模式。基于agent的仿真表现为在最小绕行距离和旅行时间限制下动态优化的供需匹配。该模型可探讨不同的交通情况，以保存市民的行为习惯。这为我们了解潜在的新模式将如何在服务质量、生产效率和成本竞争力方面发挥作用;以及它们对里昂都市区（LMR）中出行、可达性、环境和公共空间使用的潜在影响。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">测试的场景包括一个参考的完全采用场景和部分采用场景。在参考方案中，现有的机动交通工具(私家车和巴士)完全被共享出行服务取代。在部分采用的情况下，只有电动模式的某些行程会被替换，这取决于起点和终点、模式以及不同模式对给定运输用户的效用的价值。虽然参考场景代表了共享出行的最大潜力，但部分采用场景有助于调查逐步部署服务的影响和采用特定措施的影响。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(141, 113, 229);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建模框架与共享出行方式详述</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一章节提出了共享交通建模框架，提供了仿真模型的详细信息以及几种共享出行方式的详细描述。对项目的描述借鉴了一项奥克兰地区共享交通发展的研究（(ITF, 2017a）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该共享交通建模框架是从五个模块构成，图一中展示了其各个发展阶段。第一个模块主要体现了该研究领域的一些特征，包括该研究领域的空间定义、土地利用特征；可用的公共交通设施以及出行服务（路网和公共交通），还有按空间分隔（网格）、OD矩阵、交通方式划分计算得到的交通水平；以及利用最新的区域出行调查中数据进行的关于里昂都市区的分析。这一模块的详细内容将在章节“里昂都市区区域特征”中展示。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所有来自第一个模块的数据，用于标定居民出行方式偏好选择模型的参数，以作为人工集成交通数据集的最终输入。其人口和社会人口统计学的特征来自于法国的2015人口普查数据(INSEE, 2015)以及 2014居民出行调查结果(Sytral, 2014)。通过生成具有与家庭旅行调查样本相似的出行特征的家庭构成，来将这些特征应用于总人口。这样得到的人口集的每一个具有代表性的出行方式及其整体空间分布均基于出行调查所披露的偏好数据。模型中，个体的移动出行的生成与其生成的居民居住位置、研究区域的土地利用分布、所生成的交通出行方式在交通网络中的性能表现有关。出行方式模型标定后计算得到的概率用于为每个行程分配一个出行方式。这一阶段的内容详见“模拟当前出行需求”一节。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究的下一阶段是从网络上公布的出行偏好调查中收集信息以确定城市居民采用共享出行的意愿(详见“共享出行的潜在用户”)。该调查揭示了共享模式最重要的属性，影响用户出行方式选择的社会人口统计学特征，以及对新的出行方式选择模型的校准。该网络调查通过征聘更多的问卷答复者来增加样本规模。收集的其他信息用于识别早期使用者的细分市场，并对当前私人机动车出行（汽车、摩托车或出租车）用户和公交用户转向共享出行方式的意愿进行了排序。如果某位用户愿意转向共享出行方式，则用计算出来的方式选择概率确定用户最有可能为自己的每次行程选择两种出行方式中的哪一个。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ITF 和里昂管理局随后建立了一套包括 11 种出行服务的场景集，基于焦点组结果，设置不同水平的共享出行方式接受度和私家车与公交用户的剩余份额。这些场景的详细内容在"共享出行场景设定"一节中有所介绍。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然后，在 ITF 共享出行仿真模型中测试了综合出行数据集以及不同的交通需求和交通服务供给场景。每个测试方案的输出包括对服务质量、运营绩效和可持续性的衡量。这些结果在"共享出行的影响"一节中进行了讨论。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下各小节介绍了不同共享出行模式的规格以及仿真模型的详细说明。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyYPCmualJPD0P2RnNCf9JO5YDzEA9RjK9oFr9J6r1kfmic6ux0m2dSTg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6324074074074074" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、ITF的共享出行建模框架。</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.25;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/8dmrpibiboS4LTe956kUDO1AibXLKjF1XVLDrZfWZAc8GHYwF6MnuMcLkqXqMSVOf4vBQG3goFKibO8VUN9evOBmXA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="0.050314465408805034" data-w="636"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(182, 162, 246);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(141, 113, 229);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">共享方式详述</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究中选取了三项共享交通服务来评估其影响，分别是：共享出租车、出租车和拼车。新出行模式可以完全或部分取代当前的机动出行模式，并作为现有轨道出行的支线补充。这种服务是采用了提前预订系统，其预订规则和可用性条件与定制公交类似。它为有一个车站在始发地或目的地的步行距离内的轨道出行服务。这意味着整个行程将有一个换乘，两段旅程：一条采用共享出行，只服务行程的一端，另一端乘坐铁路。而当一个行程的两端交通都不太便利时，会出现直达出租车或拼车出行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网约车是按需的门对门服务，最多可容纳 6 人（图二）。它们可以实时预订，并沿着动态优化的路线移动，绕道和旅行时间都遵循预先定义的约束。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制巴士在可容纳8或16人的小巴中提供街角到街角的服务（图三）。顾客必须至少提前30分钟预订。定制还可在指定停靠点之间动态优化的路线上行驶。以上两种共享出行都提供直达行程服务或可以将用户送到火车站，如果铁路线路能够直通目的地。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用户也可通过智能手机或终端要求拼车服务。私家车司机在出发前 15 到 30 分钟给出预定的出发时间。他们在服务前需要进行注册，并被告知拼车小组构成以及接客的时间和位置。拼车上车点可以是预先确定的街道位置，由拼车标志（图四）指示，也可以在专用停车场。乘客可以步行或驾车前往出发站。停车场专用作为接客区，为拼车的乘客提供免费停车位。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyiblDxXmGAEzImRLQMzKWspkIXywKkr6IBYMt3qVsyj4Ax09SUHGmjYw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.5662650602409639" data-w="664"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、网约车示例 。</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：? Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyib4KsArLTMtibKVdkZU66pHApkNCFMUjLCFB3KicJS3UatIQv9icwSm5lQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.7128378378378378" data-w="592"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、定制公交示例。</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：? Nerthuz /Shutterstock</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy5caUdX6ZicYrrkoDRumXkHsriaNbJd4aAibQicEIIKHicxsFHVLBHz74sPw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.9933628318584071" data-w="452"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图四、拼车站点示例。</span></strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：? jorrisg /Shutterstock</span></strong></em></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">拼车司机将乘客载至距离乘客最终目的地不到一公里的市中心指定车站。然后，司机继续前往其距离拼车终到下车点的车程不超过五分钟的最终目的地。拼车乘客的步行到达停靠点或与指定的定制公交站重合，或与现有的公共交通站或车站集成。乘客向司机支付与巴士票价相当的分摊费用，价格在 1 欧元至 3 欧元之间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">表 1 显示了不同类型的共享服务的特征。这些服务被设计来替代私家车，提供比现有的公共汽车系统更好的灵活性、舒适性和可到达性，同时保持比传统的出租车服务更实惠的优势。表1中介绍的一些值被用作焦点小组探究（在"共享出行的潜在用户"一节中介绍）的初始点，并根据结果进行进一步调整。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">表一、几种服务的详细描述</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyr4sA9nXzJrfwGSJfEY5h5gicfJpPwREdmwibMJDXeuYn17HiaeXLeFjMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.7715582450832073" data-w="661"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图五对仿真中使用的出行方式之间各种性能属性进行了比较。它强调了与当前可用的交通出行服务相比导致市场细分或性能变化的差异之处。合乘出租车显然呈现出与私家车类似的性能概况，而定制巴士和支线服务则试图保持当前公共交通（例如价格）的独特优势，并提高了那些经常使得用户不愿乘坐传统巴士的方面（例如上车时间、等候时间和换乘）。拼车服务通过降低日常私家车使用的成本，拓展了私家车的功能。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyybye87C3TOiaNRUbasXhByToGOlWqhTWus23sp1qTsSK4C8lqmbrg5iaQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.5208613728129206" data-w="743"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、出行方式的定性比较。</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：ITF（2017a）</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享服务的配置及其与公共交通系统的交互是完全灵活可重构的。经过测试的解决方案并不是为了规范市场上可能出现的或者由公共交通机构来组织的方案，而是评估市场上已经出现的类似解决方案（网约车如 UberPOOL 和 Lyft Line；按需公交如芬兰的 Kutsuplus 和美国的 BRIDJ）的潜力。最后，在城市走廊上进行拼车测试，确定这种集成系统和移动应用程序在改善走廊的流动性、降低用户成本以及日常交通环境负担方面的潜力。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.25;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/8dmrpibiboS4LTe956kUDO1AibXLKjF1XVLDrZfWZAc8GHYwF6MnuMcLkqXqMSVOf4vBQG3goFKibO8VUN9evOBmXA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="0.050314465408805034" data-w="636"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(141, 113, 229);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">ITF 共享出行仿真模型</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(208, 199, 240);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建模框架的核心是基于不同角色的仿真模型。该模型有三个主要角色在同一个公共环境中交互：用户、车辆和调度程序（图六）。它再现了综合人群研究区域的日常出行模式，匹配交通需求和供给，并保存了用于绩效指标估计的行程日志。模型中考虑了两种类型的共享服务：一是实现门到门功能的网约车，二是按需的像公交一样的定制巴士系统。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在仿真环境中，当一位用户（或一群用户）请求服务时，一次行程就生成了。然后，根据计算出来的方式选择概率给用户分配一种交通方式。然后，调度程序（或调度员）将需求与运输供应相匹配。如果用户偏好定制公交，他们需要提前30分钟预定该服务，并提供出发地、目的地和所需出发时间。系统可以根据最新的需求生成新路线，将客户分配给已在运行中的车辆，或将此请求重新分配给网约车服务。更具体一点，调度角色会在定制公交服务中寻找保证至少 50% 的行程覆盖率（至少部分行程）且平均距离占用率大于车辆容量的 25%的最佳匹配。如果用户要求定制公交服务，但在可接受的距离内没有指定的停靠点，或者没有足够的用户来满足 40% 的最低占用限制，则该用户本次将升级为共享出租车服务，并且无需支付额外费用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyCDCaF4zqmGjqrmbueYSoT0vPpB3AXSuW6kusIVSkcibacibibvlgSpFlw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.49166666666666664" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、仿真模型中各角色之间的关系。</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：ITF（2017a）</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网约车服务订单是实时处理的。调度程序会分析每个请求，告知用户车辆接取时间、车辆牌照、将要共享车辆的客户数，并指示用户是否应该穿过马路以减少等候时间。该模型考虑了一个距离最小化原则，不仅适用于发出请求的用户，也适用于已在所指车辆上的用户。匹配程序采用局域搜索算法，该算法试图最小化新乘客引起的额外行驶距离，从而符合当前用户的等待时间和绕道时间限制。经过计算后得到的行程的等待时间、绕道时间和到达时间必须在模型约束范围内。约束根据当前行程各项参数计算，偏差限制在预设允许范围内。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调度中心还可以控制空车时的车辆运行，确保车辆向站点的高效移动，并计算额外的车队需求。每当汽车未被分派新的行程，它会返回到最近的站点，并留在那里进入空闲状态。定制公交从上次执行的服务地调度到生成的下一个路线的出发站。网约车站点和定制公交出发站设置在城市中预先确定好的位置。定制公交站点的定位受到停靠站最小间隔距离（400米）与邻近区域连接性更强的道路节点选择的限制，以确保车辆的灵活行驶，例如避开单向的街道。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过动态交通分配过程获得的流量分配到道路网络的每个路径上，该过程根据每五分钟（仿真时间）的道路通行能力更新路段行驶时间。将研究区域分为不同大小的细胞网格：1000米乘1000米，500米乘500米，200米乘200米，使研究区域的密集部分被更小的细胞覆盖。生成的行程的起始点和目的地都能够链接到距其最近的路网节点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用户行程完成后，代表用户的角色离开仿真系统，同时行程日志中生成相应的指标，以便用于事后的评估。该模型提供有关每次出行的始发地和目的地、每个停靠站上车的乘客人数、到达和离开时间、等待和获取服务的时间、行程时间、换乘和相关费用的详细信息。该模型假定采用基于应用程序的电子支付方式，无需现金交易，从而更轻松、更安全、更快速地接送客户。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仿真中支持对系统运行情况进行测试，或者受工作法规限制的驾驶员方式，或者由不需要调度的自动驾驶车辆进行测试，以确保驾驶员轮班的变化可行。这两个选项的成本估算是不同的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仿真模型为测试的每个出行场景提供出行的全天详细输出：乘客公里（pkm）;按出行方式分类的车辆公里数（Vkm）；运营水平指数，包括需要车队数、运营路线、按方式分类的行程覆盖水平和成本估计;按时间、方式统计的客户对乘客出行时间、等候时间、绕道时间、平均乘客人数等的满意度；以及环境方面的表现（CO2 排放）。采用电动车队的情况及其充电的要求也包含在模型中的参数中。</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nSDVkWzNXVoD31QPZ55UUB69MOib4LPq7vEHz2Eq2XBUp531mCRiaZiaUzP0eibjeppHPuOymx2vmJVAsVtpZEibEDw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 25.8037% -43.1473%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 29.7866%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(214, 208, 191) 0px 0px 15px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/8mKYNUe83usft9ibgvj4xnIosjicc9tMdv9Ka53UjCqqREqAWhds1NRLRLYKrRtD1c3wHFMyKf63z3uSVG9KBmLA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(213, 178, 122, 0.49);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(213, 178, 122);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未完待续</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yypibQIrdyopPForqNaUFLlNn1AapX13Da55ZuXS8kpJwoeOX98rJFiaRL6viaO62ibrH7B3HFliaIrBibh0ibbn7MR5A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.5967016491754122" data-w="667"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 5px solid rgb(95, 156, 239);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.79;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 42px;color: rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65);letter-spacing: 7px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyygsJMmxwxeGbicrpQIsOfQwwx1soXwxeSqgiaR6wU3yVsTVLc9X9wZfxg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.2874828060522696" data-w="727"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);opacity: 0.85;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 42px;color: rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65);letter-spacing: 7px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">免费下载</strong></span><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(95, 156, 239);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免费下载一览众山小提供的原文资料：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号 后台留言<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮 Daizongliu@qq.com </p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(122, 215, 248);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 6px;line-height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 6px 0px 0px 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>里昂市共享出行仿真模拟（2020）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyygI8NDB9vB0lfZ99EsrSVwvMrWqAcCESiaMG15tvdKErt8yKAkKZJ9sQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.3333333333333333" data-w="711"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyOLdCCOyc070CNNjF2Wsd7bApBKP62EK4XFMRiaL9DeNgkLDsWxsKfww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4423076923076923" data-w="624"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyibkK0L7s4ia7NJhf5e4iaJ9CibE3DvXynShMbXthpO4ZwqYhcWPOicFaZoQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.380952380952381" data-w="651"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyycBoobicBcRPDyB3BCle0UzxpwKDPnPEMd8Iy9toM6Tiaax37YAIXm1ow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4591503267973855" data-w="612"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 6px;line-height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 6px 0px 0px 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>奥克兰共享出行仿真模拟（2017a）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyIP5rWWD9eRVlFVKVDLM38RVhv0qkQqhJmFAuJMABqZZ9lvamfVF4YA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.3338235294117646" data-w="680"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyxrlodg2anRztt2NLe7LhgyeQ07R3RDicRYLrDK4RGe9piboqxWH6QDCg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4432" data-w="625"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy89mGGftuhcHofdYk1LKibKvHCHcPibG0ICwEI76yEtRKKbmF0gmmCM4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4717607973421927" data-w="602"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyynT2UicR9UQP6EuZ4cdYzXUtEBibvicKjAOb8RF3Fl4R3AwwhPBjTOrYlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4832775919732442" data-w="598"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyRiaSEojzBrbnkrBZbBQaeay0ZvojKHptStLP3JfIeduBPWTNiaeyptUw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4873096446700507" data-w="591"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy6ibb3PIhYACusocSghibYap1B7IhGyd9s0QhIicF8Rn0qiaLqKHxlNB3jA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.443894389438944" data-w="606"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyxCXrjR56oMVbmd00IWp39g1TrGGb7CtIW1hVU1AKl4LicS8EN8hg6cw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4227642276422765" data-w="615"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 6px;line-height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 6px 0px 0px 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>赫尔辛基共享出行仿真模拟（2017b）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyy1Y5UjLYbJica9WWDfy6aE4IcJYf6xocowqI5uX4qictGvGK5EM5HEo5g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.3469985358711567" data-w="683"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyUKVvKcSSO7kslG25bhXGKeAvSuKneoug2nwFFcmmHO1XOG4IDJ07rA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.376543209876543" data-w="648"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyXjWZWy8tKkpJQjLvFI0AicqEALQgtibfK1ZIpVDqoETuudEGpB5HJEsQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.3996840442338072" data-w="633"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyDl0TkfxdwkOzBqFFicOic8ZdroiaPvYVw5fWtDibmtAFW4N5bBQT52S6vg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.4271844660194175" data-w="618"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8b0r2R21dLJsKaqFbORRyyXG1dILkcArrgrKSny1gQuGO9Ue1YcVWmDichJNKNUIXP5n8n2f3v7AQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.274294670846395" data-w="638"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 6px;line-height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 6px 0px 0px 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(149, 218, 243);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>都柏林共享出行仿真模拟（2018）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 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