国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT4znV09enFfKYicgicS39McftZ65eqa5vUa6UVgS32Uzicez85iavolPs7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 33.2462% -54.2855%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 99.2165%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 85%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT4znV09enFfKYicgicS39McftZ65eqa5vUa6UVgS32Uzicez85iavolPs7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(45, 80, 59);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这期节目我们邀请到了相老师和希宇，她们分别是大学老师和规划院工作三年的萌新，本意是想聊聊纽约2050总体规划，然鹅从一开始画风就不太对，从城市规划师和本次疫情的关系开始谈起，主要讨论了下我国城市总体规划的一些转变，城市为谁服务，城市规划的价值观表达，城市群，城市和乡村的关系，以及热情，在城市规划领域工作的热情从何而来。</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎扫码或者点击阅读原文，收听不止是市民本期播客《不论大城小城，能让人安居乐业的就是理想之城》</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 17分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.57);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 124, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(255, 124, 6);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">|5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月29日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7074074" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTjThpftaCzNkYzUGMBXrnLEeToAE01ulTBbzIkIicqD5Jue8vrWA1KPQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4JvpbwpoPu80Xcqiciaic0DWdACZeIuwibXUOUjsPukKyNwCNrJT9hbJ6Of3RqmEYqBMUhs8sOzuwgVQQR7lVgvZtA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Hzf8ESPvovQyK0Zku89CogvZQbg2ahGX6Ef8MmE3ZwoWuibySw4fsgKpy1L7VBdjSo4Y7QBD5O9D3T1oyPo4wDw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 30px;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/7FPEagicELkZItg8PU8zSIgia2cnyGoGZjl0QYBqbYBsClVaA6QjUQO8sW4B4kg9LP0JRg7ib8FssSicibiakw4BLBDQ/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 50% -1.30435%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 92.1671%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78) rgb(225, 63, 78) rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 3px 0px 0px 3px;flex: 30 30 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;margin: -15px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(241, 233, 230);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.5;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -0.8px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 2px, rgb(181, 24, 43) 0px 3px 1px, rgb(149, 50, 45) 0px 5px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 30 30 0%;border-width: 1px 1px 0px 0px;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 3px 3px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none none;border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 3px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right-style: solid;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTfIqf4fMe2LguXckCYt6B2AIYiaI3uHchNlicib824FbN8KibbZd3h0kHBA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9851301" data-w="269" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTqm41cMqQtc2yNfuib17UGiaHicouEc8ZTddTm5LleibhY9WtA2d5xNoQRA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 0px -30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTRRt8c6gFH4Jf3FSTlUChFHNicp7tbF3BLcdyCHdFAhyUwKXTX2Q9dmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;margin: 0px -30px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: double;border-width: 4px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTSUQIQFNYQs6SfPiaicNZzqPmuyRaqyWFVOy7qpYicMvMuyHiabgwWFyBUg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/</strong></span>Shiyu Shen、Yanfeng Ouyang、Shuai Ren、Mengke Chen、Luyun Zhao</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ </strong></span>刘艺玺、林中朴、刘志广、张书婧</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/</span></strong> 众山小  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">校核/</span></strong> 众山小</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ </span></strong>任帅   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(121, 206, 143);box-sizing: border-box;">排版/ </span></strong>杨骏</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 | weibo.com/</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotateX(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);padding: 3px 3px 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(225, 63, 78);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/wbybpibCDtA19gaYnMLpqdEkbYfzyLBGhfGCBSm73qZganfk5qsZGRpMkbfg1s4BhX1dATicQXgicWngwCxbo3T4g/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 25.8037% -43.1473%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 29.7866%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0px -1.85em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 0.3em;margin-top: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(159, 163, 174);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 2.3em;background-color: rgb(255, 179, 179);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 2.3em !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着乘客需求日益个性化的发展，基于固定站点和线路的传统公交服务已经无法满足这些多样化的出行需求，共享出行公司希望通过创新技术改革来实现传统公交的转型升级。本文提出了一个需求响应式公交（DRT）系统框架，该DRT服务在小区对之间运行，可以满足乘客"门到门"和"实时/预约"的出行需求。文章建立了一个两阶段模型，包括（i） 区域资源规划阶段和 （ii） 实时路径规划阶段。在区域资源规划阶段，本文提出了一个连续近似（CA）模型。在一个指定的运营服务小区内，我们可以根据该小区的需求密度来决定资源的分配和具体运营参数，模型的总目标是优化该小区内的车辆载客运营效率。在实时路径规划阶段，本文建立了一个定制公交路径规划模型，目标是最大化车辆运营的收益，并采用了改进的节约算法和模拟退火算法来求解。该理论框架在青岛市黄岛大学城的试点运营中得以实施。首先，我们根据区域资源规划模型，设计了服务运营小区的边界、候选站点、以及班次间隔。然后，我们采用了多组实验数据集，用于验证文中所提出的实时路径规划框架。实验数据的运算结果表明本文提出的DRT系统有望比以前“先到先得”公交拼乘系统提供更好的服务水平。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8194444" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTfIvibW4CIgw2KbAGgPL0LZjGjeUttQp6pEDf8d4S0maTDicicI4iaYd9Og/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dkgPVT7LhvWXUHoFRbFd3xrSQ2uv5Zv2KEVNkrOQibb8Xic3ibAnp1gjAIliaS49jMKnTLzV1YMKfkmDwTC2dDb9PQ/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 3.39425%;background-attachment: scroll;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 50%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgba(246, 53, 41, 0.73);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、简介</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统公交系统的站点、线路以及时间都是固定的，乘客在步行到公交站点和等待车辆到达时，都需要付出额外的步行距离和等待时间。近年来，公共交通出行者逐渐向舒适度更高、服务水平更高的个性化服务转移。传统的公交系统通常无法满足这种需要，因此许多公交相关部门正面临客流量逐年降低的问题。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Uber、Lyft 和 DiDi 等网约车公司 （TNC） 的出现，使传统交通服务向按需出行和拼车服务转变，它们可以提供各种基于移动APP的乘车选择，其中之一即是需求响应式公交（Demand Responsive Transit）。图 1 展示了基于 APP 的 DRT 服务流程。乘客可以在APP内提前选择预期出发时间，行程起点和终点。<strong>APP 将为乘客分配一对合适的站点，并将所有接收到的请求放入相应的需求池中。在需求池中，系统将在后台匹配合适的乘客、站点和车辆行驶路径。针对匹配成功的乘客，APP 将通知乘客在指定站点按时乘车。而匹配失败的乘客可以选择再次提交服务请求，或直接退出系统。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3342593" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT5TmpbKIQGNXfxvUe0XTjibhibqmlv0PKZyZgld2Zavkrkjycmcw51QwA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、DRT服务流程示意图</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为公共交通的一部分，DRT通常适用于低需求地区，或是在夜间传统公交车停止运营时提供服务，或为老年人和残疾人提供非盈利的服务。我们推荐读者去阅读 Ho et al.的论文<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A survey of dial-a-ride problems: literature review and recent developments. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2018. 111: 395–421.）</span>，该文献详细总结了34 个不同类型的需求响应式交通系统。文献中的一些研究讨论了在各种应用场景下设计和实现DRT系统的问题。在不同类型的DRT 系统中，电话预定一次乘车 dial-a-ride （DAR） 系统是一种较为自由的服务类型，可能存在有限或无限的空间结构。Daganzo首先提出了一个理论空间队列模型来研究 DAR 系统的调度策略和服务水平<span style="letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 12px;">（An approximate analytic model of many-to-many demand responsive transportation systems. Transportation Research, 1978. 12: 325–333.）</span>。后来的很多研究都集中在更结构化的DRT系统上；例如，Durvasula et al.设计并实施了一种动态偏移线路服务，使普通公交车能够在某些低需求条件下按需运行<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Peninsula transportation district commission route deviation feasibility study. Transportation Research Council., Virginia, 1998.）</span>。Fu提出了一个理论规划模型，用于设计一种基于点偏移的DRT系统<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Planning and design of flex-route transit services. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2002. 1791: 59–66.）</span>。Aldaihani et al.建立了一个混合网格分析模型，将DRT服务与固定线路公交服务结合在一起<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Network design for a grid hybrid transit service. Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice, 2004. 38: 511–530.）</span>。Quadrifoglio et al.研究了一种允许公交车辆偏离固定路径的系统（MAST）<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Mobility allowance shuttle transit (MAST) services: MIP formulation and strengthening with logic constraints. European Journal of Operational Research, 2008. 185(2): 481-494.）</span>。Quadrifoglio 和Li提出了一个模型以预测接驳DRT系统的需求密度<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A methodology to derive the critical demand density for designing and operating feeder transit services. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2009. 43: 922–935. ）</span>。Jung and Jayakrishnan专注于高覆盖率的点对点交通（HCPPT），可以减少乘客换乘次数<span style="font-size: 12px;">（High-coverage point-to-point transit: study of path-based vehicle routing through multiple hubs. Transportation Research Record, 2011. 2218(1): 78-87.）</span>。Nourbakhsh and Ouyang提出了一个"结构化"的灵活路线公交系统，将"公交管道"的理念融入到一个宏观的网络结构中<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A structured flexible transit system for low demand areas.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2012. 46: 204–216.）</span>。Stiglic et al.推出了一种能够推荐乘客上下车站的拼车系统<span style="font-size: 12px;">（The benefits of meeting points in ride-sharing systems. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 82, 36-53.）</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">很大一部分研究将DRT系统的路径设计问题归类为车辆配送路径规划问题（VRPPD）的变形，现在已存在广泛的文献资料介绍相关问题的模型与解决方案。例如，Hachicha et al. 提出的多车覆盖路径问题是一类需要访问更靠近用户位置的服务<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Heuristics for the multi-vehicle covering tour problem. Computers & Operations Research, 2000. 27: 29–42.）</span>。Chao et al. 提出了某种团体指向问题，旨在选择有限的路线并最大化利润<span style="font-size: 12px;">（The team orienteering problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007. 88: 464–474.）</span>。Park 和 Kim总结了校车路径规划问题，旨在规划将学生从家里运送到指定学校的时刻表和路线<span style="font-size: 12px;">（The school bus routing problem: a review. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010. 202: 311–319.）</span>。解决这些问题的方法包括精确的混合整数规划方法、构造的启发式和元启发式方法。我们推荐读者研读 Vigo 和 Toth，其中详细讨论了一些解决方案和方法<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and the Mathematical Optimization Society, Philadelphia, 2014.）</span>。除了静态问题，Sayarshad and Chow还提出了一个基于价值函数近似的采用预期定价的动态dial-a-ride服务系统<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A scalable non-myopic dynamic dial-a-ride and pricing problem. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2015. 81: 539-554.）</span>。Masoud and Jayakrishnan提出了一个灵活的拼车系统，实时解决动态的点对点乘车匹配问题<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A real-time algorithm to solve the peer-to-peer ride-matching problem in a flexible ridesharing system. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2017. 106: 218-236.）</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现实中的公交路线设计实施问题也存在广泛的讨论。Schittekat et al.提出了一种无参数的元启发式算法，解决了公交车站选择和公交路径规划的两阶段问题<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A metaheuristic for the school bus routing problem with bus stop selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 2013. 229: 518–528.）</span>。Li et al.开发了一种自适应大型邻域搜索算法，解决了带时间窗口、利润和预约请求的VRPPD问题<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Adaptive large neighborhood search for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows, profits, and reserved requests. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015. 252: 27–38）</span>。Souza Lima et al.使用五种元启发式算法来解决具有异质需求的混合负载容量公交路径规划问题<span style="font-size: 12px;">（A mixed load capacitated rural school bus routing problem with heterogeneous fleet: algorithms for the Brazilian context. Expert Systems with Applications, 2016. 56: 320–334.）</span>。Masmoudi et al.设计了三种元启发式算法，以解决异质性dial-a-ride系统中的多库场多行程路径规划问题<span style="font-size: 12px;">（Three effective metaheuristics to solve the multi-depot multi-trip heterogeneous dial-a-ride problem. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2016. 96: 60–80.）</span>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgba(246, 53, 41, 0.73);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、概念规划</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文所研究的是一个封闭区域，我们将其划分为多个分区，假设每个分区之间的出行需求在时间、空间上都近似遵循泊松分布。部分分区之间的需求会较为集中，此部分将是需求响应式公交服务的重点。区域间往返的公交车辆会以固定的班次间隔运营，用于服务同一个时间段内的乘客需求。在给定了所研究的区域边界和需求密度后，我们将通过优化模型得到三个决策变量：（1）区域布局；（2）站点分布；（3）班次间隔，整个问题的目标函数是最小化每次服务的平均运营成本。该模型为一个简单的连续非线性优化问题，通过梯度下降法可以较为容易的求得可行解。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTNmfVKFpsHpVxFbDrjH7ia7UQa5wqlkUR2ibmaiaxGEQ2drdORd8VgJtIQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.3425925925925926" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2a、区域间公交走廊服务示意图</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT76oaQF812MEomG31PUbU2e65MM7OwaVR6Lnibgicz8kpE1ZWiawQvOavw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.5763747454175153" data-w="491"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2b、区域内站点划分示意图</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgba(246, 53, 41, 0.73);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、离散路径设计</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在区域资源规划完成之后，DRT系统会在需求池中选择相应的乘客请求，在每个发车班次开始前生成此时间段将服务的线路。在每次车辆出发之前，系统仅需要解决一个静态的路径规划问题（混合整数线性规划模型），以匹配该时间段的乘客需求和公交车辆。该问题主要包含三个子问题，用于（1）给乘客分配相应的上车站和下车站；（2）为每辆公交车选择要经行的站点；（3）生成途经所有经行站点的车辆路径。该模型的目标函数是在固定的车队规模条件下，使DRT系统的整体收益最大化。针对这个问题，我们提出了一个混合式解法。初始解将由一个改进的节约算法（savings heuristic）生成，然后系统将采取模拟退火算法（simulated annealing）用于调整最终的方案。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgba(246, 53, 41, 0.73);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、案例分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">案例分析部分展示了如何利用文中提出的DRT服务设计框架，在实际环境中进行应用。本文的研究案例为黄岛大学城，滴滴出行此前在该区域内运营了“先到先得”的公交拼乘服务，案例中实验的乘客需求数据均从滴滴在该区域的历史运营数据中得到。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在区域资源规划阶段，我们选择了两组需求量最高的OD对，并在历史需求量的分析基础上，将研究区域划分为3个交通小区（小区1/2/3）和两组OD对。通过应用区域资源规划阶段的模型，我们得到了建议的虚拟站点空间分布。在现实场景中，由于复杂的道路网络布局，站点无法被理论性地规划。因此，我们将概念设计与实际地图相结合，得到了黄岛大学城的备选站点，如图3所示。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3395683" data-w="695" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTvdJPAq9n8THZwuLAANpBiaa9blUibpNkNZmMGkruCxHUYgEUibsdDWmhg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、黄岛大学城服务区域和备选车站布局</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.25;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/kDQKeOln7tiagOKOGdc8DV0rg4vcJ2rriaOdNGDianjXI1vMDtDPDngomiamJeFHh4fz2h6rfp6UzMW195gSAIgEIA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="0.050314465408805034" data-w="636"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 1px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 4px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgba(141, 113, 229, 0.5) 2.3px 2.3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">共享方式详述</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随后，我们还在案例中测试了实时路径规划模型的效果。以交通小区1、2之间的出行为例，基于前期规划阶段得到站点和班次间隔，我们用包含32个乘客请求的样本数据集（如图4a所示）代表了一个间隔时间段内的总需求。在一个间隔内，最多可用的公交车为2辆，每辆车载客上限为14人。通过本研究提出的路径规划算法，4名乘客（如图4b所示）由于公交车的数量和载客能力有限而没有被匹配成功，而图4c和图4d分别展示了匹配成功的两条最优的公交线路。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6507692" data-w="650" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTanjhAQx7fW5ajnGcUGu0kbwLcRf8ibD1MUet8VesKPHHxiaGF2JpGNWw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、黄岛大学城DRT路径设计案例</strong></em></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，我们采用应答率和共乘率两个服务指标，对目前青岛真情巴士集团与滴滴出行合作运营的DRT服务进行了评价。应答率在一定程度上反映了运营的稳定性和乘客体验，而共乘率则反映了运营效率。为了进一步验证文中提出的DRT系统设计框架，我们采用历史样本需求数据集作为输入，计算和对比了DRT服务与此前“先到先得”拼乘服务的指标。结果显示，DRT服务的应答率和共乘率较此前的服务分别提升了85.76%和71.88%，初步验证了本文提出的DRT服务的适用性。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8194444" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYTfIvibW4CIgw2KbAGgPL0LZjGjeUttQp6pEDf8d4S0maTDicicI4iaYd9Og/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT4znV09enFfKYicgicS39McftZ65eqa5vUa6UVgS32Uzicez85iavolPs7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 33.2462% -54.2855%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 99.2165%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 85%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8bYnsKQwt6DiaCf7fib4bmYT4znV09enFfKYicgicS39McftZ65eqa5vUa6UVgS32Uzicez85iavolPs7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(45, 80, 59);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这期节目我们邀请到了相老师和希宇，她们分别是大学老师和规划院工作三年的萌新，本意是想聊聊纽约2050总体规划，然鹅从一开始画风就不太对，从城市规划师和本次疫情的关系开始谈起，主要讨论了下我国城市总体规划的一些转变，城市为谁服务，城市规划的价值观表达，城市群，城市和乡村的关系，以及热情，在城市规划领域工作的热情从何而来。</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: 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