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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(95, 156, 239);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(95, 156, 239);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 24分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(18, 76, 131);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 190, 24);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 212, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(100, 212, 255);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月13日期</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(210, 25, 72) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO8ApjyYlopy31v9n1UYmvqEJedUkJJpBqvib9nuYNWQgJLlS2x3lX2pA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9778598" data-w="271" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvODibn9TibU6Qorf8piayibnVCLuN0LYRN5iafScGbEnAJiarM2YKFtrdEiabwQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9882353" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO8Te8KvJ5BhycO03ic2Okia7TVYqKwGTRibH1GumdO1icztMoZLGMnUH7dQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/ </span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Fred Scharmen、Alessandro Melis</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/苗苗   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑</strong>/众山小   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核</strong>/陈依佳</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">文献</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/李欣    <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版</strong>/龚丽妍</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvO4yjr5iaLo96W8WWWpwWUtOcaibOHlkWIbThLGVfdBGawsGJj4MNDCjUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOnTBXUbNVXfxSIFJV8GAGxMXZDaKt3AKLznul7XDO7KrcOnrBenEdFQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(55, 120, 153) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(239, 175, 17) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伴随着愈演愈烈的政治局势，人类社会发展到今天已经面临多种潜在危险：人口过剩、 资源衰竭、全球气候变暖等等，这都将威胁到人类自身的生存与发展。那么，应该如何从根本上解决生存危机，找到人类社会可持续性发展的方法呢？事实上，从古至今，人们致力于不断的探索和创新，就是为了找寻着这个问题的答案。则一介绍了亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯对未来太空栖息地的展望和规划，但他的想法似乎仅仅是精心包装的陈腔滥调罢了。则二解读了达芬奇在文艺复兴时期对“理想城“的设计理念，以及它们对现代城市建设的借鉴与启发。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 0%, rgb(255, 187, 185) 50%, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;">则一、杰夫·贝索斯对1970年代未来的畅想</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 25px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8216704" data-w="443" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);text-shadow: rgb(191, 77, 203) 1px 1px;padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Fred Scharmen </strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 苗苗</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: -20px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 0%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 35%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 66%, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562766" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOhFMFvkRSnNZsRkTPAic8vw3KiaLXESnOBtjKEzMRcdMHLwPax5zf7x6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、由杰夫?贝索斯代表蓝色起源展示的太空栖息地效果图。图中右方可见加州大学圣地亚哥大学盖泽尔图书馆，而背景城市看上去则像西雅图。图：蓝色起源</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在华盛顿的一个午后，进行了一场关于未来人类在太空生活的重要演说。演讲者对听众们说，我们应该移居太空，因为在太空发展人类生命是解决发展停滞不前的唯一选择。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当时时局动荡，文化的变革似乎放慢了脚步，人们逐渐开始意识到地球资源不断减少，环境污染和破坏却在增多。演讲者警告道，如果不拓宽视野，那么人类发展的边界将会永远受限于此。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在他的计划里，改变这些趋势的第一步是在月球建立一个前哨基地。一小部分的人会先展开采矿业务，这有助于在下个阶段建设大规模旋转的环轨基地。地球上的城市和景观将会在这里重建，成为数以万计的人类新家园。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7893617" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOeehoqbHPj3RZl5VfpzxaXV14IC6BApOSslicDTPFPgoYbbBoPWfjolA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、在1970年代由Rick Guidice为NASA绘制的环形（甜甜圈形状）太空殖民地。（NASA艾姆斯研究中心）</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">普利斯顿物理学家Gerard O’Neill(1927-1992)于1975年夏天向国会汇报他和NASA共同展开的项目时， 提出了该计划。5月9日，亚马逊创始人杰夫?贝索斯在华盛顿代表他的太空飞行公司——蓝色起源，向公众展示了月球登陆器和太空栖息地计划。这与O’Neill汇报中描述的长远目标一致。尽管演讲者和演讲所用的技术都有所不同（贝索斯的演讲是在推特上直播），但迁移太空背后涉及的总体目标、方法和基本原理并无差别。鉴于两者之间颇多的相似之处，有一个问题值得我们思考：在过去50年里，我们是否真的学到了如何更好的规划人类未来？</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">O’Neill的项目始于1969年，当时他任教于普林斯顿物理系。尽管阿波罗成功登月，但他的学生们依然对“工程能让世界变得更好”的前景感到灰心。越战漫长拖沓，持久的社会和种族不平等现象显示出科技似乎不足以带来政治变革。O’Neil让班里的尖子生研究一个直接的问题：在地表生存是发展科技文明的正确选择吗？</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“奥尼尔（太空）殖民” 设计因此而来。该设计由采用新型表面材料的巨大圆柱体、球体、环形构成， 多样的新文明也将包含其中。设计起先由O’Neil的学生协助，随后建筑师、规划师、工程师甚至是艺术家也参与其中。O’Neill集结研究结果出版了一本书 -《最前沿》。该书畅销百万，至今依然在印。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1980年中期，Gerard O’Neill’s 曾任杰夫·贝索斯在普林斯顿的老师。那时，无论是人们对宇宙探索的文化兴趣还是NASA的资金都达到了巅峰。Gerard O’Neill全力宣传这些巨大的新栖息地，以此作为人口过剩、环境污染、生态系统灭绝、能源危机和文化战争的解决方案。但在里根和撒切尔夫人的年代，不顾后果一味发展经济的作风又回来了。与此同时，对大规模公共开支的投入则无人问津。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到了2019年，杰夫·贝索斯希望他的私人太空公司能接管公众对于太空生活的幻想。作为零售之王的杰夫·贝索斯深谙包装之道，但他现在所提供的，不过是昔日设计的注水版本罢了。从某种程度上，杰夫·贝索斯的方案还不如前人设计那般充满未来主义特色。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">O’Neill’s 1970年的项目效果图是由Rick Guidice和Don Davis创作。Rick Guidice是一位建筑师和平面画家，而Don Davis则有行星科学插画背景。反传统文化在两人的作品中根深蒂固，太空舱年的内部装饰设计Buckminster Fuller和Reyner Banham，穹顶和巨型建筑结构影响随处可见。在 1975年，这就是人们对于未来的想象。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和其他宏大的想法一样，杰夫·贝索斯所展示的效果图没什么新鲜的内容。其中一幅看上去像新加坡的天际线，而另外一个则看上去像亚马逊的总部西雅图（也许在他找到亚马逊第二总部之后，会把第三总部建在太空上）。一辆火车（有两条轨道，所以不能称之为单轨）穿过校园， 连同谷仓和有着红色墙板的仓房构成了一副死板的美国家庭农场画面。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三张效果图重现了中世纪的佛罗伦萨。远远的可以看到仿制版的故宫，也许是为了向亚马逊远在中国的竞争对手阿里巴巴致意。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562766" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOoYGkEaWo0JyRRAkcNEhJ4wuOzmnfRzY302Tp0gicaGQPOUX6DRNzL6w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、太空中的佛罗伦萨和远处可见的故宫。（蓝色起源）</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">建筑师摩西·萨夫迪设计的新加坡金沙酒店（2010年）和粗野主义代表之一的加州大学圣地亚哥分校盖泽尔图书馆也都收录在蓝色起源的效果图里。这无时不刻提醒着我们，这些设计与巨型建筑结构设计鼎盛时期的差距有多大。在萨夫迪设计奢侈酒店之前，他曾在蒙特利尔栖息地67号项目展示了如何通过人性化设计来吸引大众；而盖泽尔图书馆则是公共建筑和公共机构史上令人难忘的里程碑。在贝索斯的想象里，昔日前沿建筑成了拙劣的模仿，变得私有和僵化。厚厚的光线笼罩着整个空间，建筑像是泡在甜腻的的巨大蜜罐里。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不光这些想象毫无新意，就连整个公司背后的框架和假设也过时了。从2019年的角度来看，1975年这种天真的乐观主义似乎变得陈旧。在此之前，生物学家，科学作者，包括文化批评家Rachel Carson都曾指出， 各种意外后果之间的复杂纠缠会让生态环境设计远比它看上去更加棘手，而O’Neill在他的设计中忽略了这一点。自60年代以来政治分裂加剧，气候危机日趋严峻，而我们还没有找到应对这些挑战的切实措施。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6659574" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOFH7mf0jibLgCRsXZZZIxqlKjBvTepBeDhUnPQRb1I00iaCksVWlFuOjw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、2019年5月9日，杰夫?贝索斯在华盛顿公布了蓝色起源研发的月球着陆器（Clodagh Kilcoyne/Reuters）</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">在上周的演讲中，为了阐释O’Neill的理念，贝索斯播放了一段1975年的电视采访，其中邀请到了O’Neill和科幻小说家艾萨克·阿西莫夫。显然他遗漏了采访后期的一段：阿西莫夫颇具讽刺地提出，地球矛盾是否能通过在太空建造“一个以色列，一个巴勒斯坦，一个北爱尔兰”来解决。随后，O’Neill还打趣到，真正的问题在于他的妻子是否愿意跟他一起去太空。他说她会想去的，因为她喜欢做饭，可以在太空经营一间餐厅。这段采访贝索斯也没有播放。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些情况都突显了项目中持续的不明朗。从零开始建设一个新的世界是否可能？如果可能，那么他们又是为谁而建？作为一个科技领导人的同时，贝索斯也是一位地产开发商。在他的设想中，他提出地球将“划分成轻工业和商业”，那么旧的世界又会发生什么呢？</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在演讲当中，贝索斯提出了一个简单的二选一：“我们是要停滞不前和定量配给，还是保持活力和持续增长？”当这项选择由一位以不惜任何代价扩张而臭名昭著的公司总裁提出时，这种错误选项背后的动机似乎很可疑。另外矛盾的一点是：贝索斯视自己坚定的站在发展和改变的一方，而事实上他是老派现状的捍卫者。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;">则二、达·芬奇和他眼中的城市规划</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: -20px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 0%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 35%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 66%, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 25px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8216704" data-w="443" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);text-shadow: rgb(191, 77, 203) 1px 1px;padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Alessandro Melis </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 苗苗 </p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6829787" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvObwiaqD5dvdTJG8bUvZ6vddpDibgiaX9z2QiaUeeYXXFAcNibGpd86Zg82Rw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、达·芬奇对于城市的规划与文艺复兴的“现代“和”合理“的理念一致。同时，一向不走寻常路的他，在城市设计中加入了一些颇具个人特色的创意 。图：Max Rossi/Reuters</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(206, 159, 252) 10%, rgb(115, 103, 240) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">顺应文艺复兴的典型潮流，达·芬奇开始着手于名为“理想城”的项目，然而由于昂贵的成本，该项目最终未能成型。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">列奥纳多·达·芬奇是世界公认的天才。作为文艺复兴时期的典型代表，他集科学精神、<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">艺术才情和人文情怀成就于一身。尽管距达·芬奇在法国Chateau du Clos Lucé的家中逝世已经过去整整五百周年，他的思想却不曾随着时间流逝而黯然失色，在今天看来也依然令人惊叹。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中世纪时，鼠疫蔓延造成了全球危机，在欧洲与亚洲夺去了近两亿人的生命。文艺复兴应运而生，标志着中世纪向近现代过渡。如今，世界处于气候危机的风口浪尖，如果我们继续置之不理，那么预计中大范围的逃亡、死亡、物种灭绝将会发生。与现在情况相似，当时人们呼吁彻底改变生活方式，从根本上解决问题以免受灾害。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大约1486年，在一场带走米兰一半人口的瘟疫之后，达·芬奇将他重心转向研究城市规划难题。他遵循当时文化复兴的典型潮流，开始着手于名为“理想城”的项目，然而由于昂贵的成本，项目最终未能成型。如今人们已经意识到， 缺乏可持续性发展的城市模型是导致全球气候变化的主要因素之一，那么想知道达·芬奇对于重塑现代城市的设想自然也不奇怪了。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市主义的诞生</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">文艺复兴以其在艺术和建筑上的惊人的进展程度闻名，却很少有人知道，城市主义作为一门真正的学科，也诞生在十五世纪。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在西方思想里，自发的城市构想背后严重缺乏严谨性和方法性，直到文艺复兴时期大量的城市项目兴起，例如重建Pienza，扩建Ferrara，建造 Palmanova要塞等，才填补了这一块空缺。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些项目无疑使达·芬奇决定重新反思以曲折拥挤的小路和紧挨房屋见长的中世纪城市设计。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">走进达·芬奇的理想城</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">要从达·芬奇杂乱无章的笔记和草稿中找到他关于理想城的设计并非易事。但是从包括巴黎手稿B卷和大西洋古抄本（达芬奇最大的作品集）的资料当中，我们得以窥见他一系列关于在Ticino河边打造一座便于运输的干净新城的开创性想法。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达·芬奇希望设计一座舒适和空间感具备的城市，街道和建筑整齐排列。他建议“高大而坚固大墙配以兼具愉悦美感的塔楼和城垛”。他认为城市需要“像神庙一般的庄严宏大”，同时又“像在自己家里一样方便”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他对于城市规划的理念与文艺复兴提倡的“现代“和”合理“一致。同时，一向不走寻常路的他，在城市设计中加入了一些颇具个人特色的创意。在他的设想中，城市将会建在不同层面，之间则用垂直楼梯连接。这样的设计与现在的高层建筑别无二致，但在当时绝对的超前。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，他设想的将楼梯置于建筑外部从而达到充分利用室内空间的理念，在上世纪1920到1930年随着现代主义的诞生才得以实现 。上层的空间道路供行人在优雅的宫殿和街道之间无阻通行，而下层空间的空间则用于服务设施、交通、贸易和工业。（见下图）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3247423" data-w="388" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OUkj649KQZuglugJJUQvOXgTkSaRlqIGaKiaCS30TrV07BMO0TDluQicEibiakoxXc3ZGj0yvw6Udcg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、楼梯置于建筑外侧</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">真正让达·芬奇的理念独树一帜的，是他成功融合了建筑与工程。他通过设计大规模的水利设备，来建成贯穿整个城市的人工运河；通过调节水闸，使船只更容易在内陆导航和运输货物。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达·芬奇在街道设计中也提出了自己的看法，他认为街道的宽度应该和沿街建筑平均高度一致。这样有利于采光以及减少地震的危害。时至今日，许多意大利的现代城市依然沿用了这样的原则。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cR573eOvpSTCvmbROjNjLFhvRXIiapvn7DKiaaFt5dic1icpCiaY5leXnicBX1vD25ONXFFFLD0jT0G56yqRVO82ibPrw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">虚构与现实</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ianb6504SVkuJozxDUMwf3Zuh3N4Sr5TN4duXaUszY0f8Ovf9eOickVNGZicD6tGFZPjfGwZEv0T4dfIJTd7ZN6Jw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管罗马城市中已经呈现出一些这样的特点，但达·芬奇是第一个对多层、紧凑的现代城市提出全面技术性构想的人。然而直到19世纪，其中一些想法才得以实现。在拿破仑三世时期对巴黎的改造中，奥斯曼借鉴了达·芬奇的想法，根据不同功能对城市进行细分：下层用于基建和设施，上层则用于提供宽阔、通风良好的道路供居民使用。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即便是到了20世纪，无论是在未来主义设计师笔下的垂直城市，在Hilbeseimer或Le Corbusier的现代都市设计，还是在Fritz Lang的电影大都会和Philip K. Dick的小说银翼杀手等反乌托邦作品中，都能找到相同的理念。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在今天看来，达·芬奇的想法并不光是纸上谈兵，事实上是为城市规划提供了发展方向。许多学者认为一座高密度，与自然协调（特别是水资源系统），拥有高效的交通基础建设的紧凑城市，有助于提高现代都市的效率和可持续性发展。这也就是为什么达·芬奇超前的理念与当代城市规划一致的另一个原因了。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(192, 255, 116);padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">视频一、达芬奇的理想城</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(68, 231, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br 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