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<p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -1em;padding: 20px 10px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">王  慧 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1988-)，南京林业大学风景园林学院讲师。<br  /></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">吴  晓 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1972-)，东南大学建筑学院教授、博士生导师，中国学会城市更新学术委员会秘书长，本文通信作者。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">*	国家自然科学基金项目(51908289、51878142)；江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20190755)；中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M651840)；“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100800)。</span></p><section style="margin: 10px 8px 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原文刊载于《》杂志2020年第4期 </span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>引言</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">农民工是一类职业流动相当频繁的群体[1]，且其职业流动具有阶段性的特点，可大致划分为“初次流动”（农民工在城乡间的迁移）和“二次流动”（农民工在不同城市间或同一城市不同企业间的迁移）两个阶段。但相对于民工潮、民工荒等诸多“初次流动”热点议题的探讨，学者对“二次流动”的关注则相对有限，多关注于农民工在城市间的职业流动特征和经济后果的讨论，对城市/企业间职业流动的关注仍相对匮乏。相关研究主要集中于不同代际/年龄（时间）农民工迁移前后收入水平或社会地位（社会）的变动状况，城市内部农民工究竟如何流动、向何处流动并没有得到清晰而具体的阐述。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">笔者认为，相关研究的欠缺一定程度上与其研究过程中仅对“时间-社会”这一组关系进行关注，而对“空间予以模糊化处理”密切相关。与城乡之间的迁移相比，农民工在城市/企业间的职业流动涉及更具体的地理空间上的迁移。在这一过程中，空间作为迁移起、终点（出发点和目的地），容纳了起点和终点内的各种差异，既是农民工职业流动的一种外在表现形式，也是影响其职业流动的重要因素之一。因而，十分有必要对农民工职业流动过程中的空间要素——无论是作为现象描述的空间，还是作为理论阐释的空间——进行挖掘和探究。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文将借鉴相关个体行为轨迹分析的理念，将农民工就业迁移的空间、时间和社会三要素相结合，构建轨迹分析的“时间-空间-社会”路径分析方法；并进一步以2015年南京市主城农民工问卷调查所获取的时空回溯数据为基础，在“时间-空间-社会”框架下分维度探讨农民工就业迁移的轨迹，进而探讨农民工个体就业迁移过程中所受到的时间、空间和社会制约。</span></p><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>就业轨迹分析的“时间-空间-社会”三维建构</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">目前，运用纵贯数据对个体行为轨迹进行分析的方法主要有如下三种类型，各自特征和路径表达方式如表1所示。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.39921875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXpHOyclOBPIqFbhpgljju69rmiboYiaiaJMMJr5NwQaAtCdibXgssYwDxww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表1｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不同视角下的个体行为轨迹分析方法</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：笔者根据参考文献2-6整理。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文借鉴时间地理学、生命历程理论的时空迁移轨迹研究，同时结合社会流动视角的专门针对农民工就业轨迹的研究，构建了“时间-空间-社会”复合的三维路径表达方法，用以描述农民工在城市内部随时间而产生的空间变化，以及随之而发生的社会地位（社会阶层）变化（图1）。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7823878069432684" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFX66wVBaEpicciae4QuLVSTWZoaFt4BLQF8OoolxZOG1H5FfQMAby8nTOA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图1｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">农民工就业时空轨迹的“时间-空间-社会”三维路径表达方法</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其中，“空间-时间”这一组关系借鉴了生命历程理论对长期时空间行为研究的路径表达方式，用以表述农民工在城市内部的就业迁移：用空间要素构建x轴，用时间要素构建y轴——通过驻点之间的空间轴（x轴）上的延伸，来表现就业农民工在空间上的变动，通过驻点内部的时间轴（y轴）上的延伸来表示就业农民工在时间上的持续。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">农民工是职业迁移行为的高发生群体，因此，与单纯考虑其就业迁移和变动（即时间和空间上的变动）相比，对其职业流动所可能伴随的社会流动状态进行研究更具意义。由此，笔者在上述方法所构建的“空间-时间”这一组关系上增加了“社会”维度，用以表述农民工在城市内部就业迁移过程中所伴随的社会阶层流动：加入由社会要素构建的z轴，生成由空间（x轴）、时间（y轴）和社会（z轴）所构成的三维坐标体系——通过驻点在z轴上的变化表述农民工在就业迁移过程中的社会阶层变动。由此，“时间-社会”这一组关系来反映农民工随时间变化所发生的社会流动特征（向上流动、向下流动、水平流动），“空间-社会”这一组关系来反映农民工随空间变化所发生的社会流动特性。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>数据来源和处理</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">研究数据来源于课题组2015年6月组织的南京市农民工问卷调查。调查区域包括南京市6个区的41个街道，调查对象为户口不在南京市且离开户口所在地1个月以上的农民工。根据空间抽样理论，采用“街道访谈+配比分层抽样方法”对区域内农民工进行问卷发放，共计发放问卷2210份，获得有效问卷2059份。其中，共有421份有效问卷（20.45%）记载了曾在不同统计单元间更换就业地的信息。数据包括被调查者的年龄、性别、就业迁移的次数、年份、具体位置以及迁移原因等信息。问卷能够充分反映就业农民工在城市内的分布特征，其迁移信息也具备宏观上的空间意义。</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">进一步，通过年龄拼接、区位拼接和职业分层等手段，对时间维度、空间维度和社会维度进行一维化处理。其中：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">时间维度上，借鉴古杰等[7]在居民居住迁移时空路径的生命历程特征研究中所运用的“年龄拼接法”，截取相近年份作为截断面，通过这段时期内不同个体的连续年龄阶段拼接反映农民工的年龄特征。综合南京市主城区近年来城市发展变化特征和回溯数据质量情况，选取2009—2015年6年间作为截面。截面期间，共356份有效问卷（17.29%）记载了不同统计单元间的二次迁移信息，除却无固定地点的多次迁移和回老家又往返等迁移类型，共计509人次发生过街道间的二次迁移。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在空间维度上，结合南京市主城区在城市发展上具备的圈层和方向性的特征，采取按圈层分层和方向分区相结合的方式（图2）对各街道进行赋值，将反映区位特征的地理坐标一维化（图3）。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="584" data-ratio="0.9974597798475868" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXp8V8EGwBt3rYCGsWvYrTMbZzT4k1KO0CxRzdQiafCugmheXwT4kOzWw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style="width: 578px;height: 577px;"  /><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图2｜南京主城区街道分层</span></strong></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0067739204064352" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXPIsccqM4Awhs8jJ9U1uyuk6pjlg0fq6fToB87e8cb9lQD9QRSlHycg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181" style=""  /><span style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图3｜一维化空间编码</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在社会维度上，参考现有文献对农民工职业地位分层的基础之上[1,8]，基于工作所需技术程度、经济地位（待遇）、社会地位（声望）等因素，对农民工的职业地位进行层级的进一步细化，并进行赋值（表2）。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.47890625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFX4TbOXnMWaxRS4KyU7Itp6kdLg1iaF7Y51wNyXmuCEGsiapM0wHINxzRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表2｜</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文所用的农民工职业分层类别和赋值</span></strong></p><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>南京市农民工就业迁移的“时间-空间-社会”轨迹分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">借助于GIS的Arc scene和 Arc map模块进行展示，迭合生成“时间-空间-社会”的三维路径曲线（图4）。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.7809523809523808" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXdxbUQ4F8p8dDfDJffonP4HoSooicrwIOw0HDZ2ia1QC9lV4kBYC2zeibQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="945" style=""  /><span style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图4｜</span></strong><strong style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">农民工就业迁移的“时间-空间-社会”三维路径曲线</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-shadow: rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 3.4px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 0.6px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 0.6px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3.4px 2px 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.1 就业迁移的</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“时间-空间”轨迹特征</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在“时间-空间”这一组相互关系中（图5），呈现明显的年龄（时间）和空间依赖的正相关特征——年龄越大，就业迁移距离越短，空间依赖性越强。具体表现为：</span><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"></span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）年轻农民工更倾向于跨区域的就业迁移，所受空间限制相对较小，年长农民工更倾向于短距离迁移，更具空间依赖特征。</span><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（2）农民工就业迁移的空间距离偏好显示出代际差异和生命历程的共同作用。相对于老一代农民工，新生代由于受教育程度更高，受空间制约相对较小，总体具有更长的迁移距离。而在不同代际内部，随着农民工年龄的增长（生命周期的变动），其空间迁移距离逐步缩短，呈现出更强烈的空间依赖程度。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.1651143099068586" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXv9ZMdOLC39gUpFewlzUQwT1Ksn9quceaAaE4icLdlfTBVWiaCjQWX1Ng/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1181"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图5｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时间-空间维度农民工迁移路径</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：2015年关于农民工的抽样问卷。</span></p><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-shadow: rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 3.4px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 0.6px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 0.6px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3.4px 2px 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2 就业迁移的</strong></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 5px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“时间-社会”轨迹特征</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在“时间-社会”这一组相互关系中（图6），呈现明显的时间（尤其是年龄相关的生命历程）和社会流动的关联特征——农民工的社会流动特征显示出较为明显的同龄群体效应。具体表现为：</span><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"></span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）20岁以下和60岁以上的农民工的社会流动基本为平行流动，20~59岁年龄段为其社会垂直流动的主要阶段，主要以向上流动为主。尤其是25~39岁年龄段和55~59岁年龄段，是发生向上流动尤其是跨阶层向上流动概率最大的年龄段。</span><br  /></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（2）青壮年农民工（24~28岁，35~42岁）和部分老年农民工（53~60岁）则更倾向于发生跨层级的向上流动。这一方面与其可能拥有的城市工作经验、职业资历以及资金的积累密切相关（主要针对35~42岁人群），另一方面，与结婚、生育、抚养子女、衰老等具有一定生命历程特征的要素密切相关，它们或带来生产单位的转变，或促发对生产劳动类型的新的需求，或引起劳动力特征的转变，均促发了不同途径的向上流动。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.55625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXoH1b382L21PtcAcRz65fWgiacficwicibko82kSlpCQqib7hAEd1FbDafFA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图6｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">时间-社会维度农民工迁移路径</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：2015年关于农民工的抽样问卷。</span></p><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 1 auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-shadow: rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(51, 51, 51) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 3px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 3.4px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 2px 0.6px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 0.6px 2px 0px, rgb(255, 222, 23) 3.4px 2px 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">4.3 就业迁移的</p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 5px;">“空间-社会”轨迹特征</section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 0 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px inset;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 25px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在“空间-社会”这一组关系中（图7），呈现明显的社会流动（尤其是向上流动）和空间依赖的正相关特征，与第二层级职业（自雇）相关的流动更是具有极其明显的空间依赖特征。具体表现为：</span><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）总体上，大多数农民工的就业迁移为短距离迁移；相应的，绝大多数的垂直流动都是短距离迁移，跨区域迁移的概率较小，具有极大的空间依赖特征。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（2）在各类就业迁移行为中，第一层级（被雇）内部的迁移平均距离相对较长，与第二层级（自雇/雇人）职业相关的迁移（包括自雇职业内部迁移、被雇到自雇之间的迁移）平均距离相对较短。表明相对于第一层级农民工（雇员），第二层级农民工（自雇/雇人的个体工商户）具有较高的空间依赖特征。其中，又以“被雇”向“自雇/雇人”流动的农民工平均迁移距离最短，是最具空间依赖性的群体（表3）。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.63515625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXmX7qGHicZriaHUQ8VXAPeOfxkYkTJEGbyUR9FDIicZOdHYnTFsmvf4ZAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 图7｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空间-社会维度农民工迁移路径</span></strong></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 25px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：2015年关于农民工的抽样问卷。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.4109375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhKRIib6Ngd6qL6QCgp7grFXob5C7PfUaKAtGWsBhuIp8enE4lyWLmjtCXDRLJsbzt5Bq2D7DptZEg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表3｜</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不同社会流动类型农民工迁移的平均距离</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">资料来源：2015年关于农民工的抽样问卷。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</em></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>结论</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文探讨了农民工个体就业轨迹的“时间-空间-社会”三维分析框架。根据职业流动所带来的社会流动这一伴生特性，在原有研究的“时间-空间”轨迹分析框架下，增加“社会”维度而构建了“时间-空间-社会”相复合的三维路径表达方法，并以年龄拼接、区位拼接和职业分层作为分维度尺度探讨了个体生命历程、空间迁移和社会流动的相互关联。这一方式可以更全面地反映和关照就业迁移的现实多元性，有助于更系统性地探寻农民工的城市生活轨迹和市民化进程，可为其他个体就业迁移等相关研究提供参考。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在“时间-空间-社会”框架下，本文探寻了农民工就业迁移路径的几个规律。首先，在生命历程和代际差异的共同作用下，年龄与空间依赖呈现出正相关关系。农民工年龄越大，受空间制约越大，就业迁移距离越短，空间依赖性越强。其次，是职业（社会）流动具备明显的同龄群体效应。25~39岁年龄段和55~59岁年龄段，是发生向上流动尤其是跨阶层向上流动概率最大的年龄段。第三，是较高层级社会（职业）地位的农民工具有更明显的空间依赖倾向。相对于被雇农民工，自雇/雇人农民工具有更高的空间依赖特征，而由“被雇”升至“自雇/雇人”的农民工则是最具空间依赖性的群体。总体来看，农民工的就业迁移的社会流动过程具备若干生命历程特征和空间依赖特征。这一结论对我国农村劳动力转移和市民化进程中的相关政策制定有着积极意义。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献</strong></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1 李强. 中国大陆城市农民工的职业流动[J]. 社会学研究, 1999(3):95-103.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2 YU H, SHAW S. Exploring Potential Human Activities in Physical and Virtual Spaces: A Spatio-Temporal GIS Approach[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2008, 22(4):409-430.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3 H?GERSTRAND T. What About People in Regional Science? [J]. Urban Planning International, 1970, 24(1):6-21.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4 SHAW S, YU H, BOMBOM L. A Space‐Time GIS Approach to Exploring Large Individual‐based Spatiotemporal Datasets[J]. Transactions in Gis, 2008, 12(4):425-441.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5 刘望保. 生命历程理论及其在长期空间行为研究中的应用[J]. 人文地理, 2015(2):1-6.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">6 柴彦威, 塔娜, 张艳. 融入生命历程理论、面向长期空间行为的时间地理学再思考[J]. 人文地理, 2013(2):1-6.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">7 古杰, 周素红, 闫小培. 生命历程视角下的广州市居民居住迁移的时空路径[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(1):157-165.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">8 王超恩, 符平. 农民工的职业流动及其影响因素——基于职业分层与代际差异视角的考察[J]. 人口与经济, 2013(5):89-97.</span></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请在后台留言</span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">封面图</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">片源自新华社</span></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信改版后</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">好多人说不能很方便找到我了</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其实把咱们</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“城</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">市规划”置顶</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就可以啦</span></strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">只需要</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5秒钟哟~</span></strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9203125" data-type="gif" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SdNVtxmtcRiarCYiclbibw0tx4nuld0vwU9ScXl6gq8Bpbh8o8yZlxbo8y8jBcCBC74ubpiaHy1ic6k3wcqJbCFBWBA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 640px !important;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: left top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官方投稿网址</strong></span>：http://www.planning.com.cn</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微博</span></strong></span>：http://weibo.com/cityplanningreview</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号</span></strong></span>：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电子期刊</span></strong></span>：App Store搜索“”(支持iPad下载)</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内统一刊号</span></strong></span>：CN 11-2378/TU</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国际标准刊号</span></strong></span>：ISSN 1002-1329</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: right bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 4px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);height: 0px;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 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