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<p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-left: -20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 5px;line-height: 1.8;text-shadow: rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px -1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px -1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px 0px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 0px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px 0px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有机更新与城市活力专家笔谈</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;opacity: 0.25;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0501825" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/E4LhH9HickWD592XKibgb4mjU2MdGYDd0lVKNYZIzbUC69a2Zdl0UEpBdoHKDWt326WsslfSQNiaL6nLdc7dibdRsQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="2192" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-top: -6px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);margin-top: -6px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       我国城镇化在经历了三十多年的快速发展阶段后，城市发展模式已从“增量扩张”逐渐转向“存量提升”，寻求高质量的城镇化道路。以北上广深为代表的一批先行先试城市，开始尝试在土地资源约束条件下，通过产业结构的升级调整、公共要素的保障提升、城市社区的“微更新”、城市精细化治理等措施手段，推进城市建成环境的有机更新，激发城市活力。面对高密度、功能多样、产权复杂的建成环境以及信息社会的多样化公众诉求，城市更新在不同城市中的路径选择和机制构建呈现出一定的差异性、多样性。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       本期笔谈我们邀请了国内城市更新领域的代表性专家以及北京、上海、广州、深圳、重庆、成都等先行城市的规划师就此话题进行笔谈，共同探讨存量时代中国城市更新所面临的挑战及其规划应对。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 5px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWAoWeefSBMt7rVlO5NLvcsh80pHpQUWuiamdFm8TCvFqHbIBicl9cJG7jP2tQn28ynxHg1CYMRPtbYg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="527" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">王世福</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">华南理工大学建筑学院 副院长 教授</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 5px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0% -28px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;z-index: auto;margin-left: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(112, 139, 136);letter-spacing: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新需要经济与</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会视角的反思</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-right: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;z-index: auto;margin-left: -4px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;padding-top: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(112, 139, 136);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       简单回顾一下广州的情况。改革开放的1980年代初，广州在城市改造中引入香港房地产模式。全国第一个外资商品住宅小区项目是东湖新村，广州出地港方出资，容积率在2.0左右，合同的利益分成是港商三分之一、广州三分之二。随后广州与全国大部分城市一样，加入了以房地产开发大拆大建形式的旧城改造，发展至1990年代达到一个高潮，改造后的容积率高达5.0-6.0，利益分成的格局也演进到发展商获得60%、政府获得用于安置的40%，利益结构完全翻转了。旧城普遍出现了高强度居住物业置换历史建成环境的文脉断裂状态，1999年广州市明确禁止发展商在老城区做推倒重建式的改造项目，比较幸运地成规模地保留了格局机理尚存的老城区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       其后大约10年的冻结期中，政府也做了有机更新、就地平衡的解放中路旧改示范项目，但并未形成可推广的模式。接着，2007年的猎德村旧改项目，形成了市场融资、政府引导、村内统筹的合作开发模式，成为城市中心区的一种受到追捧的“城中村猎德模式”，出让部分集体土地获得资金，安置村民居住并设置集体物业，再开发净地块容积率超过6.0。那么新问题出现了，为什么可以给城中村加倍的容积率做改造更新，而其他机构或者业主单位就不可以？这样的（一部分改造）是否公平？这个争议持续至今。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       在机构设置方面，广州在2015年通过城市更新局的成立，在实践中探索了一定的制度创新，如提出了微改造模式、对旧厂房、旧城、旧村编制专项规划等，总体上比较尊重原业主权益，并追求利益上尽可能均衡。虽然还没有达到理论模型上增值利益的公平，但更新程序以及过程的经验积累却相当具有启发意义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       我想分享两个观点。第一个有关经济视角，有个趋势要警惕，就是微改造成了城市更新的全部。特别是顶层战略予以高度重视并倡导后，好像一下子城市更新就转入微改造阶段去了。事实上，微改造是需要非常多的外部和内部条件才可能推进的，很多时候，微改造并不有机，在土地区位价值、城市开发价值方面的经济实现能力并不合理。在面对旧城改造更新的系统性层面，必须同时认识到，拆除重建一定是城市更新的一种重要方式，因为它更公平、也可能更彻底。推倒重建在一定程度上是城市实力的一部分，考验在城市文脉传承中实施物质置换与城市升级。打个比方，当你换房子时，是会保留所有东西，还是会更加理性地抛弃相当一部分旧物品？</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       第二个有关社会视角，我们的城市更新要建立有关自主二次或多次再开发的习惯。随着生活方式的变化，五年后、十年后的社区状态可能不符合美好生活的需求了，那我们业主们是否有权利更新呢，怎么出资呢？规划是否可以审批这个开发行为呢？我们做好准备了吗？今年中国城市规划年会的主题词包括活力，活力就必须包容主体的内生性需求，而活力很重要的缺陷就是可能比较日常、比较随意、比较非正规，有活力的城市空间往往品质可能不高。那么，面对每一个社区可能都有的更新需求，有什么机制形成相对正规的更新制度，引入相应的规划设计资源，形成高品质的城市社会生活承载。比如广州一直推广的旧住宅加装电梯，也积累了很多这方面的矛盾。如何更公平，并且是城市建成环境更具活力，都是我们要进一步思考的问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-right: -4px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1805556" 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