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<p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-left: -20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 5px;line-height: 1.8;text-shadow: rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px -1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px -1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 1px 0px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 0px 1px, rgb(77, 182, 172) -1px 0px, rgb(77, 182, 172) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有机更新与城市活力专家笔谈</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;opacity: 0.25;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0501825" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/E4LhH9HickWCbem2BKGVEu4E3l8riba9Vb4Ys7mEVUXmOoRdNhhdrvHoBMZiaqyX2HD0UO5tciapC9O0Nlkxajkbag/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="2192" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-top: -6px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);margin-top: -6px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       我国城镇化在经历了三十多年的快速发展阶段后，城市发展模式已从“增量扩张”逐渐转向“存量提升”，寻求高质量的城镇化道路。以北上广深为代表的一批先行先试城市，开始尝试在土地资源约束条件下，通过产业结构的升级调整、公共要素的保障提升、城市社区的“微更新”、城市精细化治理等措施手段，推进城市建成环境的有机更新，激发城市活力。面对高密度、功能多样、产权复杂的建成环境以及信息社会的多样化公众诉求，城市更新在不同城市中的路径选择和机制构建呈现出一定的差异性、多样性。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       本期笔谈我们邀请了国内城市更新领域的代表性专家以及北京、上海、广州、深圳、重庆、成都等先行城市的规划师就此话题进行笔谈，共同探讨存量时代中国城市更新所面临的挑战及其规划应对。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(127, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26) 0px 0px 8px;background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, rgb(190, 194, 195) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(190, 194, 195) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(192, 190, 190) 0px 0px 0px inset;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 128px;height: 128px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWCbem2BKGVEu4E3l8riba9Vbhd7HWiansf6F9QTeQVA8n2PicRaFhdibibm9yvq7TV80wdhiczHDYNSuONw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="424" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">葛岩</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海市城市规划设计研究院 技审中心（总师办）副主任</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0% -28px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;z-index: auto;margin-left: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(112, 139, 136);letter-spacing: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>城市有机更新：空间、策略</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>与机制</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-right: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;height: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;z-index: auto;margin-left: -4px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;padding-top: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(112, 139, 136);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">      我想结合上海城市更新的情况，从空间、策略与机制三个方面，谈谈城市有机更新的困惑和思考。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       一是有机更新的空间。城市空间是规划师主要的研究和工作的对象。上海老城区的建筑单体、街区布局及整体格局历经了多轮演变，形成了类型多样的特色空间，城区由不同时期的城市建筑，街区拼贴而成。我们研究了黄浦区，如外滩地区历经了多轮的城市再开发，每一轮的开发都是是拆除重建式的，每一次的拆除重建都实现了容积率的大幅度提升，以及城市空间格局的大幅度变化。我们发现存留下来的里弄街区，演变过程中出现了高度增加，强度增加，密度增加的特点，形成了各种规模、不同类型、多样布局的街区形态。我认为，空间的城区、街区和建筑三个层面，有机更新标准应该存在差异。城区层面的有机更新应该是渐变不是突变，街区层面有机更新应该延续原有街区多样化的特征，建筑层面的有机更新延续原有建筑尺度和多样化的建筑类型。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       二是有机更新的策略。上海高度重视历史保护及城市更新，已经形成了“城镇村、点线面”的历史风貌保护体系，提出从 “拆改留”转变为“留改拆”的有机更新理念。里弄街区及建筑多样的布局方式、建筑外观形态、复合的功能、屋顶景观等等都有很高的历史价值，而更新过程，这些特征应该被延续。历史城区局促的空间里，如何增加公共服务设施和绿地空间是个很大的难题。我们做了研究，基于里弄价值高低，可以采用结合建设、移位复建等方法。在有机更新当中，能不能用新建筑替代历史建筑，将会是被一直争论的话题。保护与发展是城市更新策略的两个维度，它需要有完善配套的政策机制，政府是制定政策的关键角色。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       三是有机更新的机制。先说说更新模式，有政府主导，有企业主导，也有多方协商，每种类型有自己的优缺点，我认为不存在完美的更新路径，必须因地制宜。选择更新路径需要深入系统的研究，以支撑城市更新的决策。再说说权利，它非常重要，并且非常复杂，“公平”非常重要，即如何公平处置现有的权益，以及如何公平分配增加的利益。针对现在的公房的更新改造，延续承租权，回收承租权，或者回租都是不同的路径。根据老公房里原租户跟转租户差异化需求，应该分类施策。建议要形成跟用途相匹配的权属结构，可以增加中间层次的管理主体，以提升后续管理效率。更新可以去除空间指向性，可以尝试通过产权入股的方式解决后续利益分配。还需要谈谈城市治理。治理最终目标是要实现多方共赢，更新过程中各方投入之后都应该有合理的收益。原租户居住条件明显改善，转租户有持续的利益收入，政府获得一系列产业提升、商业发展，吸引人才，城区空间改善等等，企业能够从中获利，这是城市更新的理想状态。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">       最后，我还想探讨两个重要的学术概念。一是原真性，它的概念从原来是人的素养慢慢演变到物的真实品质，最后慢慢变成描述某种经历的品质，更新当中哪个阶段的历史文化值得保护值得探讨。二是绅士化，城市更新不可避免带来了城市中心的绅士化，它是把双刃剑，社会弱势群体是这个过程的利益受损方，政府应当制定政策减少它的负面影响。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;margin-right: -4px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(206, 175, 151);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 16px;text-align: right;">供稿：城市更新规划研究中心</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1805556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E4LhH9HickWCbem2BKGVEu4E3l8riba9VbWuyK5jg2rWXicfjlRPA1RTicG44Qsibf0wqmHaq8otmEKGecT74RtLOwQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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