国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mju9kKrAtflLrlW4FGcx6QHpmQwdtGIstFLIyias6pQg123eTQrzkomUT3Z6Rx6F81sc6QU8Xhhyvg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mju9kKrAtflLrlW4FGcx6QHpmQwdtGIstFLIyias6pQg123eTQrzkomUT3Z6Rx6F81sc6QU8Xhhyvg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: left;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: right;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;margin: -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(348deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: -80px 0% 0px;font-size: 13px;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.3;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导语<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 作者北京林业大学博士研究生薛冰洁，北京林业大学教授张玉钧，北京林业大学硕士研究生安童童，国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院王志臣，国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院副总工程师蒋亚芳在《规划师》2020年第1期撰文，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，国家公园试点建设引起国内各界的广泛关注，其范围的识别和边界的划定是规划、建设和管理能否顺利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行的先决条件，关乎能否有效保护生态系统的原真性和完整性。文章从生态格局理念出发，认为生态源地和生态廊道是国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园边界划定的重要依据，以秦岭国家公园为例，通过构建生态原真性评价指标体系，识别生态上具有高生态原真性的区域，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">探讨科学、客观、量化的边界划定方法。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: left;border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: right;border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]边界划定；国家公园；生态源地；生态原真性</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)01-0026-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984.181</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">薛冰洁，张玉钧，安童童，等．生态格局理念下的国家公园边界划定方法探讨——以秦岭国家公园为例[J]．规划师，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020(1)：26-31．</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">国家公园边界认知与研究进展</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">IUCN 对保护区的定义是：“保护区是明确界定的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地理空间，经由法律或其他有效手段认可、专用和管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理，以实现对自然界及其相关的生态系统服务和文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">价值的长期保护”。云南省地方标准《国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园总体规划技术规程》规定国家公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园的界线应有明显的地形标志物，既能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在地形图上标出，又能在现场立桩标界，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而地形图上的标界范围是国家公园面积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的计量依据。由此可见，明确的边界是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包括国家公园在内的保护区体系的必要条</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">件之一。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国家公园边界用地类型交错，具有<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">矛盾复杂性、景观异质性、动态变化性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和生态脆弱性的综合特点。一旦偏离最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">佳生态边界(Optimal Ecological Limits)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">就会削弱保护地生态系统的原真性和完</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整性，增大管理难度和成本。因此，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明确限定生态系统保护核心用地，划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合理的国家公园边界，控制人为干扰活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动的强度和类型，成为指导国家公园规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划建设和管理的首要任务，这也是保护</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统核心价值的先决条件。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现阶段我国国家公园处于试点建设<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段，尚未形成统一的国家公园体制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺少明确的国家公园边界相关法律体系、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划编制及技术标准。目前，只有云</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南省根据国家公园试点建设工作总结出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了国家公园范围划定原则，包括国家公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园结构和功能的完整性，地域单元的相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对独立性和连续性，以及保护、利用、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理的必要性与可行性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大量文献仅对于风景名胜区边界划<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定进行探讨，包括概念内涵认知、划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定原则与方法、管理条例研究及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划实践等，缺少对核心价值保护的研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究，同时风景名胜区以旅游开发功能为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主，并未过多涉及生态系统保护的内容，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其边界划定不宜完全作为国家公园边界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定的参考依据。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前我国开展了较多关于国家公园<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能分区方面的研究，探讨了国家公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体制试点区功能分区的基本情况，初步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明确了功能分区的依据、管理措施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及指标体系。但关于国家公园范围与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界的理论研究还停留在初期阶段，针</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对性不足。苏杨阐述了边界划分过程中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">存在着学术上难以保持完整性、政策上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理和资金不到位等多方面困难，提出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了今后规划发展的方向和保障措施；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">王梦君、唐芳林等人通过对森林公园和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">云南省国家公园试点的分析，总结了国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园范围界定应考虑的因素，同时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">王梦君提出了我国国家公园在边界划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过程中应综合考虑自然生态系统结构、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过程、功能的完整性，以及保护、利用、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理的必要性与可行性，并且提出了划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定的基本流程为基本调查—分析评估—方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案比选—社会公示—勘察定界。总体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">来说，国家公园边界划定尚未形成统一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的客观量化的标准体系。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态格局理念与国家公园边界的</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一致性关系</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态基质识别是国家公园边界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定的重要基础</span></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态源地作为生态格局的面状基础，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要由生态服务功能重要、生态原真性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较高，并且连续分布的较大型自然生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">斑块( 大面积的森林覆盖区和水面等) 组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成，对于生态安全格局的构建至关重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要，直接影响区域生态系统的结构完整</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和功能稳定。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态源地本身应具有较高的生境质<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量和较好的生态系统服务功能。生境质</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量取决于与栖息地靠近的土地利用强度，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并且与之成反比，这就意味着土地利用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强度越高，生境质量越低，而生物多样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性服务功能越高，生境质量越高。选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">择国家公园和保护区的重要原则是尽量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">减少自然区域中的人口及周边社区数量，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">避免人为活动对保护区域的干扰，而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较为原始的生态区域维持着生态系统的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原真性和自然性，可首选为国家公园潜在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">斑块。国家公园的生态系统服务功能主要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指的是生态系统的支持功能，兼有文化服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务功能，即以生物物种、基因及其栖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息地的维持与保护功能为主，以不损害资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源健康的适度游憩活动服务功能为辅，生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态保护远远优先于资源利用。为了保障国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园所在区域的生态功能，生态红线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定的不同级别的管控区应当成为国家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园边界划定的重要基础和参考依据。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，生态源地的特质符合国家公<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园生态系统保护的核心目标，可作为国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园用地的主要载体，其有效识别、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">判定与评价为国家公园边界划定提供了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">技术指导和科学依据。</span></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态廊道串联是国家公园边界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">确立的有效补充</span></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态廊道作为生态格局的线性要素，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是生态斑块与生态基质相互连接的重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽带，促进区域物质循环与能量流动，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时形成多元化景观。良好的连通性有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利于保护生物多样性，以及维持生态系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的稳定性和整体性，有助于高原真性的生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态源地更好地实现其生态功能。国家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园现状山形水系的互联互通维系了地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理单元的连续性和生态系统的完整性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">防止迁徙廊道和生物栖息地破碎化，同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时河流水网、山脊山谷及植物廊道可显</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">著提高边界的可识别性，有利于在地形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图标注及现场立桩标界。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国家公园边界划定应在生态源地识<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">别的基础上尽可能囊括现有的生态廊道，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用线性要素逐步串联、沟通、融合更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广域的重要生态斑块与基质，突破行政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">藩篱的束缚，扩展国家公园生态效益的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辐射范围，形成区域乃至全国范围内的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多层次国家公园网络体系，维护国土生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态的“长治久安”。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态格局理念下国家公园边界</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定的技术路线与方法</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mary L Cadenasso 提出划定生态边</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界的有效办法应当是先构建框架，然后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">创建模型模板，最终形成工作模型。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GIS( 地理信息系统) 作为辅助工具，有助</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于评估生态和社会经济影响，并促进边</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界划定过程的可视化。本文以云南省</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《国家公园总体规划技术规程》为参考，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从生态格局的角度出发，基于核心生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资源和生态过程的有效保护构建生态原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">真性评价指标体系。首先，在现状调研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及文献查阅的基础上，对获取的数据资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">料进行分析处理；其次，采用层次分析</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法构建相应生态评价指标体系，并利用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GIS 叠加运算数据后得出直观的生态原真</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性等级图，对国家公园的高生态原真性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域进行识别与评价，筛选生态源地后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">综合考虑区域内的生态廊道串接，尽可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能使二者均包含于国家公园边界内，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可量化的研究方法确定科学、合理的国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家公园边界(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4703704" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WePwvC73aqG21blRibnv9G9vKA8hDSBqTXRpy5OicBJlmejfa20lkhexg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">秦岭国家公园概况</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">秦岭为横贯我国中部东西走向的山<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">脉，西起甘肃省临洮，东抵河南省鲁山。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">陕西省境内的秦岭俗称“中秦岭”，是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指界于渭河中下游与汉江中上游之间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包括嘉陵江上游(阳平关以上) 和南洛河</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上游(洛南县境内) 在内的陕西省南部的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广袤山地，是秦岭山系的骨干部分。秦</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">岭是我国南北地理交界处，亚热带与暖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">温带的分界线，以及黄河水系与长江水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系的分水岭，被誉为我国中部的“水塔”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是我国“南水北调”中线工程最主要的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水源涵养地、水源保护地和水源水质影</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">响控制地。独特的地理位置和气候特征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">赋予了秦岭地区丰富的动植物种质资源，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使之成为重要的生态系统保护地。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究选定的秦岭地区国家公园拟建<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地位于陕西省境内，西起白石山，东至</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">麦积山， 东西长400～500km， 南北</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宽120～180km，以山脊为界，南北坡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别呈现高山深谷和较长缓坡的波状山</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地；平均海拔高度超过2000m，主峰太</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">白山海拔高度为3771.2m；在地貌上主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要属于秦岭高山、中山地貌单元，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南部的浅山丘陵地貌单元，山体内部沟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">壑纵横、层峦叠嶂，具有典型的山地森</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林生态系统特征。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域在《全国生态功能区划( 修<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">编版)》中处于秦岭－大巴山生物多样性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护与水源涵养重要区，是水源涵养、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生物多样性保护及土壤保持等生态系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务功能的极重要和较重要分布区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">承担着保护生态环境、保障国家生态安</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全、保护自然生态系统与重要物种栖息</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地的责任，具有自然资源空间分布集中、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本类型丰富及地域组合完善的特点，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也是我国较早建立森林公园的区域。研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究区域内部和周边存在自然保护区、森</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林公园、国有林场和省属国有天然林经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">营区( 简称“天然林经营区”，归属陕西</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省林业厅森林资源管理局直属林业局管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理) 等多种保护地，具有生态系统的支持</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能及适度的文化服务功能。单就自然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护区来说，分别属于国家林业和草原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局直管、陕西省林业厅管理、市林业局</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理和县政府管理等。单个自然保护区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有利于秦岭生态系统及物种的保护，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从整体上仍存在一些问题：保护工作开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展和保护工程设置缺乏统一性与协调性；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护强度不同，管理设施与设备分配不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均衡，管理力量不均衡；由于“一区一法”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的滞后，普遍存在执法主体身份不明确</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的现象，严重制约了对违法案件的查处</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力度。因此，需要通过国家公园的边界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定与合理规划建设在管理体制上进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突破，整合各保护管理单位。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">秦岭国家公园边界划定实践</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文的研究数据来源于研究区域<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地利用图(1∶10000)、区域地形图</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(1∶10000) 和卫星影像图(2015年)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及中外文献数据库( 包括中国知网、万</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方数据、Springer、Wiley、ScienceDirect</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">等)(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6847721" data-w="1031" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WQq1Vmib1FJzg7E39xicrB3icQia1ic3fA9Cl2TzBw4s8O4CrOP313wROyFw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）确立生态原真性评价指标</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">拟建地生态原真性的主要影响因素<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大致分为生态因素与人文因素两大类。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.生态因素</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 地形地貌。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据不同海拔高度，研究区域对应<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的生态功能区分为禁止开发区、限制开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发区和适度开发区。根据《陕西秦岭生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态环境保护纲要》，海拔高度在2600m</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以上的区域为秦岭中高山针叶林灌丛草</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">甸生物多样性生态功能区，为禁止开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区；海拔高度为1500～2600m的区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域为秦岭中山针阔叶混交林水源涵养与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生物多样性生态功能区，为限制开发区；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">海拔高度在1500m 以下的区域为秦岭</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低山丘陵水源涵养与水土保持功能区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为适度开发区(图3)。根据此类划分可知，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">海拔高度在2600m以上的区域，生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">敏感性最强；海拔高度在1500m以下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的区域，人类活动较多，生态敏感性最弱。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8295455" data-w="528" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WvAx0ia7ibstQ4dd5rEmxrsHIOOreNdvybbJbkdhHic7Za4lAQFhJpVIVA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 水文条件。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域水系发达，主要由分属长<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">江流域的汉江、嘉陵江和分属黄河流域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的渭河、南洛河等河流水系组成，河流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以短、直为主要特征，多瀑布、急流和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">险滩。根据不完全统计，研究区域内长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度在40km 以上的河流共有86 条，流域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积在10000hm2以上的河流共有195</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">条，不同的水系支流级别会产生不同的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域生态影响。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 植被类型。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">山地地貌造成的植被垂直分布与水<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平分布分异，使得植物具有多样性。从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低山常绿阔叶林、中( 低) 山落叶阔叶林</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到中山针阔混交林、亚高山针叶林，再</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到亚高山灌丛草甸、高山荒漠，不同植</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被类型的生态价值不同(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8003802" data-w="526" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WVRvhxIicxW0ukaMrLt4ICLtOB3rDPjrA8mjxGgAApCFYJXqE6ZQ5y4w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 动物分布。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">秦岭珍稀动物种类繁多，如旗舰物<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种大熊猫、金丝猴、羚牛和朱鹮等，动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">物活动的频繁程度从另一角度反映着生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态价值的高低。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.人文因素</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 道路交通。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">按照铁路、国道、省道、乡道等不同<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级别划分缓冲区域。目前穿越研究区域的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">铁路有宝成铁路、西康铁路、西合铁路及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">西成高铁等，高速公路有G5 京昆高速公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路、G65 包茂高速公路、G70 福银高速公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路、G40 沪陕高速公路、G7011 十天高速</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公路和G85 银昆高速公路( 在建) 等，国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道有G108、G310、G316、G210、G312 等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省道有S101、S102、S202、S210、S212、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">S307、S309 等。车辆穿行既会对动物活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动产生影响，也会对周围的生态环境造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成破坏。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 人口密度。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域内人口分布极不均匀，城<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇的人口密度较大，山区的人口密度则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较小。人口密度越大，自然度越低。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 开发现状。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">秦岭是陕西省内自然资源空间分布<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最为集中、基本类型最为丰富、地域组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合最为完善的分布区域，包括森林公园、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风景名胜区、水利风景区等自然资源及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">古镇、度假区等人文资源。目前已建成6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个风景名胜区( 国家级2个、省级4个)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">22个森林公园(国家级15个、省级7个)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">4个国家级湿地公园，以及3个地质公园。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 土地利用。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地利用结构可以反映土地利用程<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度。按照土地利用程度指数的分级标准，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地和其他用地受人类活动作用及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响强度最大，耕地、园地、林地、草</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地和水域最接近自然状态，因此在划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界时应对各市、县、村、镇的土地利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用结构、布局与主要用地规模进行统计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分析(图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8190661" data-w="514" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WZwsj4ia3icBGWQfasNWHB7AnMDzxiaFQcC1LdvPSdvxvbqmEfxq8K41RA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建生态原真性评价体系，识别</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态源地</span></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层次分析法(Analytical Hierarchy <span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Process，简称“AHP”) 最早于20世纪</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">70年代由美国学者Saaty T L提出，是定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性与定量相结合的系统分析方法。该</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法可以将各因素层次化、条理化，尤</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其适用于具有复杂结构和大量不确定因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素的系统。采用层次分析法，由北京</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林业大学的多名教授、专家根据评价指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标对生态原真性的影响程度、主观及客</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观影响因素进行综合考量，对各个因子</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重要性标度进行赋分( 分别为1分、3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分、5分)，建立判断矩阵后计算矩阵中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各指标层要素相对于目标层的权重值；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用YAAHP 软件进行一致性检验后，得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出该矩阵一致性可靠(CR=0.039<0.10) 的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论，最终建立关于秦岭地区的生态原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">真性层次指标体系(图6，表1，表2)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中，原真性级别分数的计算公式如下：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7513812" data-w="543" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WTfK0v98IPfOvnXvmiaSsdOaHIZjMMHrwULVDhmydV5lEibQQnRm2Zu7w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4263862" data-w="1046" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WGWVdgLiabeuaSicp4YqiaVia9J8lQJ2dZgqHjjNEHTm5GMm1KymhsepUow/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4027641" data-w="1013" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WLEe6RiapAVsKDqia4q2LEl9wUS8XzN09ZTGLWFUeZu6pYXqIdeNhUchw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6306483" data-w="1018" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WalbWiadefUE2YLViaaa18JtPGjPfVySYvoSiclb3HxzpEaTWCArvj8VQg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用GIS 中的数据叠加分析处理功<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能，输入层次分析法获得的权重系数，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对研究区域生态原真性各指标层进行叠</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加运算，得出直观的生态原真性等级图，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别秦岭国家公园潜在区域生态原真性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和自然度较高的斑块即是生态源地(图7，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7798507" data-w="536" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WbdL9y5Nf9JTJSpE2shUhLr1oAbDIlvt7J6pGjabGSM1RIWjPjEICVw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7424242" data-w="594" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WeaXHIwNAAE7Ejib6xyA06JrwibVyzVgkBFZXoZ2Aiawgv2Mib2wjgeHV6A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）结合生态廊道确定国家公园边界</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据生态原真性等级图基本可以得<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出拟建地高原始性生态斑块分布区域。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在边界确定过程中还需考虑现状生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务功能重要区域的划定，遵循《陕</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">西省生态保护红线划定方案》中划定的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线管控区，并结合行政边界，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及现有的山脊、河流和道路等边界线，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终确定国家公园边界。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域潜在边界附近河流支流众<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多，河网结构复杂，水系相互交织。在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界确定的过程中，应以保护秦岭主体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段生态原真性和完整性为目的，充分考</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">虑现状山脊山谷、河流植被生态廊道与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">潜在边界的位置关系，尽可能使其相互</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">连通，形成网络体系，以保护动物栖息</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地和植物群落的完整性、连续性，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保持国家公园的相对独立性。在此基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上，根据生态原真性差异，将人为干扰弱、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">维持原始自然状态的高自然度区域划为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心保护区和生态修复区，自然度低、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人为活动频繁的区域则划为传统利用区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和游憩科普区。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要注意的是，不应将研究区域内<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部的各类型生态保护地与国家公园人为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地割裂开来，而应基于现有保护地对生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态系统原真性和完整性的显著作用，将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其纳入国家公园范围内部重点保护区域，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行统一管理和监测，以确保其生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务功能的有效发挥。在边界确立后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以根据不同类型保护地的保护程度而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划入不同的功能分区，便于进一步的管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理保护。在优化规划方案后应进行多方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案比选，在满足合理性和可行性的基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上选出生态系统保护效益最佳的边界划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定方案(图9)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7561837" data-w="566" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9W1NhYQmdKQqgcz1CfTIFYTbEZUMuxZxT4FoSrBO8GGtKj1vbrYzAb5A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">六 结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 40px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 4px;padding: 10px 15px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据国家公园明确的边界及保护、修复与利用区域的划分，确定生态保护和人类活动的强度与类型，可进一步指导诸如生态系统修复工程、科研监测项目规划、基础设施规划及社区发展规划等专项规划工作的落地，增强针对性，做到有的放矢，提高规划建设和监督管理工作的水平与质量，为生态系统保护提供有力保障。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文仅基于生态源地识别和生态廊道串联，对形成国家公园边界的技术标准体系进行研究，选取的指标因子主要针对生态系统保护，研究不够全面、完善。国家公园边界在实际划定工作中需要在符合相关法律法规和标准规范、与上位规划保持一致的基础上，融合生态学、地理学、环境科学及城乡规划学等多学科、多领域的综合知识，兼顾区域社会文化特征和经济产业条件，妥善处理周边社区的经济发展与资源保护的冲突问题，确保边界划定的生态保护有效性、经济合理性和技术可行性。最终通过行政审批程序形成国家公园技术标准规范，赋予划定的国家公园边界相应的法律效力，使国家公园的建设和管理走向规范化、科学化。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年01期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgba(116, 170, 172, 0.91);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年01期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>生态格局理念下的国家公园边界划定方法探讨——以秦岭国家公园为例<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐        </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可查看原文链接）        </span></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356536&idx=1&sn=d5feec640103f5940a0b621a8c507139&chksm=8b424830bc35c1267a916584cbbc186a2484656cf6caa27951a0dc60ef8572be9f381555292b&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2">【规划师论坛1】中国城市绿色交通规划回顾与展望</a><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356571&idx=1&sn=b72b2477d8c353fd8d6106de4650e927&chksm=8b4248d3bc35c1c52a3d9ab2a5ff3bc1806b89387e5337d3469aa2aeb46d9d6b1b460563f135&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2">【规划师论坛2】从“单数城市”到“复数城市”——大型交通基础设施的绿色人本规划设计策略</a><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356595&idx=1&sn=c3323f3459086c996b3e51f1146e707d&chksm=8b4248fbbc35c1ed7262d3f99d50eb5c1237f99904fa6a07b22ed0f1a58eb21d09a07581d4a9&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2">【规划师论坛3】城市绿色交通的内涵、特征及发展策略——基于国外实践经验的思考</a><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuOcTK4W97FBrU2JovicCCI3EPiartIpAupDQRZmC7zAf9bmHN9Tic0WC9MkXb1kfgumBeVZBQuvic8PRw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WFjoLFEIibqYpXOjgxMG3Ds0hFheG2ytYlyotmbMvVKHkDR7OvBG3jIQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2962963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mju9kKrAtflLrlW4FGcx6QH2JKY30lYuQwJIDZN3zib5SqOduskqPKAicKibuMA7QyyC3oARW0K2zaIg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mju9kKrAtflLrlW4FGcx6QHptKvJjkZ0kZXiaQuYLZ13cmznx18872pT1cJj4NyIPjWicyqomuQYq6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4101852" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miab1taRtxCFicsGVcI11rY9WrcX16ML2eT0aL0j25HrCibibWVNDtF5sHDGHAgz40CcAv8IKLRv9QBQA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mju9kKrAtflLrlW4FGcx6QHdacjJGicaVEyOtguwXsNQBgwJyicEp3B0lxBbniaiaCwsR1U0bEa46DMWg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section>
                <br />